Fortune Telling Collection - Zodiac Analysis - Space spy reconnaissance satellite
Space spy reconnaissance satellite
19571October 4th, the world's first artificial earth satellite was successfully launched by the former Soviet Union. The satellite runs at an altitude of 900 kilometers from the ground; It takes 1 hour and 35 minutes to make a full revolution, and the inclination angle between its orbit and the equatorial plane is 65 degrees. It is a sphere with a diameter of 58 cm and a weight of 83.6 kg. Built-in two radio transmitters that continuously transmit radio signals. The frequencies are 20.005 MHz and 40.002 MHz respectively (the wavelengths are about 15 and 7.5 meters respectively). These signals are in the form of telegraph signals, each lasting about 0.3 seconds. The interval is the same as this. The successful launch of the first man-made earth satellite in the former Soviet Union opened the prelude for mankind to March into space, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of all countries in the world to develop and launch satellites.
United States of America
The United States successfully launched the first Explorer-1 artificial satellite on1October 3 1. The satellite weighs 8.22kg, has a cylindrical cone top, is 203.2cm high, and has a diameter of 15.2cm. It orbits the earth in an elliptical orbit, with a perigee of 360.4km, an apogee of 253 1km, an inclination of 33.34, and an operation period of1/4.8.
France
France successfully launched its first "experimental satellite"-1(a-l) on 19651October 26th. The planet weighs about 42kg, has an elliptical orbit with an operating period of 108.6 1min, a perigee of 526.24km, an apogee of 1808.85km and an orbital inclination of 34.24. The carrier rocket for launching the A-/KOOC-0/satellite is a "Diamond" tA three-stage rocket with a total length of/KOOC-0/8.7m, a diameter of/KOOC-0/0.4m and a takeoff weight of about/KOOC-0/8t.
Japan
Japan successfully launched its first artificial satellite "Daewoo" on February 1970+0 1. The satellite weighs about 9.4 kg, the orbital inclination is 3 1.07, the perigee is 339 km, the apogee is 5 138 km, and the operation period is 144.2 minutes. The launch vehicle for launching Dayu satellite is a Landa -45 four-stage solid rocket with a total length of16.5m, a diameter of 0.74m and a takeoff weight of 9.4t.. The first stage consists of a main engine and two boosters with thrust of 37 tons and 26 tons respectively; Second stage thrust 1 1.8 tons; The third and fourth thrust are 6.5 tons and 1 ton respectively.
China
1 On April 24th, 970, the first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong"1designed and manufactured by China was successfully launched by the Long March-1 carrier rocket. The satellite has a diameter of about 1 m and a weight of about 173 kg. Its orbit is 439 kilometers from the nearest point of the earth and 2384 kilometers from the farthest point. The angle between the earth's orbital plane and the equatorial plane is a satellite.
68.5 degrees, once around the earth (running cycle) 1 14 minutes. The satellite plays the music "Dongfanghong" at a frequency of 20009 megacycles. The long-range rocket for launching Dongfanghong satellite/KOOC-0/is a Long March/KOOC-0/three-stage launch vehicle with a total length of 2,945 meters, a diameter of 2.25 meters, a takeoff weight of 8/KOOC-0/.6 tons and a launch thrust of/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/2 tons. The launch of "Dongfanghong" 1 fulfilled Mao Zedong's call of "We also want to build satellites". China is a star of science and an outstanding contribution made by the working class, the People's Liberation Army and intellectuals in China to the motherland.
Britain, England
Britain successfully launched its first artificial satellite "Prospero" on 197 10/28 October. The satellite weighs about 66kg, the orbital inclination is 82. 1, the perigee is 537km, the apogee is 1482km, and the operating period is 65438+. The launch site is located in Woomera rocket launch site in Australia. The launch vehicle is a British Black Arrow launch vehicle. Its main task is to test various new technological inventions, such as testing a new telemetry system and solar cells. It also carries a meteor detector to measure the density of this cosmic dust high-speed particle in the upper atmosphere of the earth.
other
In addition to the above countries, Canada, Italy, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, India and Indonesia are also preparing to launch satellites by themselves or have commissioned other countries to launch satellites.
Edit this domestic mainstream satellite.
Dongfanghong-4 Platform/Xinnuo-2 Satellite
Xinnuo-2 satellite mainly serves communication and broadcasting users in Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The satellite adopts the public platform of a new generation of large-scale geostationary orbit satellites being developed in China, namely the Dongfanghong-4 satellite platform, and carries 22 Ku-band high-power transponders. At the end of the satellite life, the output power is 10500W, the launch weight is 5 100kg (Dongfanghong-3 is a medium-capacity communication satellite, which can carry 200 kg payload, and the whole satellite power is 1800 W, which can carry 24-way lieutenant colonel power transponders), and the design life is 15 years. Launched by xichang satellite launch center on the Long March CZ-3B carrier rocket, the whole satellite index and capability reached the international advanced level. The platform is composed of power supply, measurement and control, data management, attitude and orbit control, propulsion, structure and mechanism, thermal control and other subsystems, with a full three-axis stable control mode. The total output power of the platform is 8000- 10000 watts, which can be extended to more than 10000 watts and can provide about 6000-8000 watts for the payload. The platform can carry 600-800 kilograms of payload, and the maximum launching weight of the whole satellite can reach 5200 kilograms. It can be launched by launch vehicles such as Long March 3B, Ariane and Proton. The design life of the platform is 15 years.
Beidou navigation test satellite
"Beidou Navigation Test Satellite" (Beidou) was developed by China Association for Science and Technology, and the first generation satellite navigation and positioning system-"Beidou Navigation System" will be established by itself. Beidou Navigation System is a regional navigation system that provides all-weather and all-weather satellite navigation information. After the system is completed, it will mainly provide navigation services for highway transportation, railway transportation, offshore operations and other fields, and will play a positive role in promoting China's national economic construction. The first successful launch of Beidou Navigation Test Satellite laid the foundation for the construction of Beidou Navigation System. The launch of Beidou Navigation Test Satellite uses the Long March 3A carrier rocket. This launch is the 63rd flight of China Long March series launch vehicles.
Zhongxing 22
"Zhongxing-22" is a practical geosynchronous communication satellite and the follow-up star of "Dongfanghong-3". The satellite, with a mass of 2.3 tons and a designed service life of 8 years, is mainly used for ground communication services and operated by China Communication Broadcasting Satellite Company. It is understood that after the satellite enters the transfer orbit, it will be fixed above the equator at 98 degrees east longitude under the tracking control of the An Satellite Measurement and Control Center and the space ocean survey ship.
Fengyun no.2
FY-2 satellite is a cylinder with a diameter of 2.1.6m and a height of1.6m. The total height of the satellite including the antenna is 3. 1 m and it weighs about 600kg. The attitude of the satellite is spin-stable, and the spin speed is 100 1 rpm. This satellite is designed. The satellite is equipped with multi-channel scanning radiometer and cloud image forwarding, which can obtain visible light cloud images, day and night infrared and water vapor cloud images. Broadcast and develop wide digital images, low-resolution cloud images and S-band weather maps: obtain observation data from meteorological, marine and hydrological data collection platforms; Collect space environmental monitoring data. The satellite works over the equator of east longitude105, and its position keeping accuracy is 0.5 from east to west and 0/from north to south. Fengyun-2 satellite was jointly developed by China Association for Science and Technology and Shanghai Space Administration. CAST is responsible for satellite control, propulsion, forwarding, antenna, measurement and control and some structural subsystems. 1At 20: 00 on June 1997, Fengyun-2 satellite was launched by cz-3. Under the measurement and control management of satellite ground measurement and control station and Wangyuan No.2 survey ship, the satellite has completed the separation of satellite and arrow, satellite rotation and so on. Fengyun-2 satellite inherited the spin stabilization mode of Dongfanghong-2 satellite, and adopted some new technologies such as multi-channel scanning radiometer, three-channel microwave transmission and nutation control. The main performance indexes of this satellite have reached the level of similar geostationary meteorological satellites in the early 1990s. Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite is a combination of space technology, remote sensing technology, communication technology and computer technology. It provides directional coverage and continuous remote sensing of the distribution of the earth's surface and atmosphere, and has the advantages of strong real-time, high time resolution, objectivity and vividness.
Fengyun no.1
FY- 1 is a series of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites in China. Three satellites, FY- 1A, 1B and 1C, were launched. FY- 1A and 1B were launched in September 1988 and September 1990 respectively. They are experimental meteorological satellites. The remote sensors carried by these two satellites have good imaging performance, and the experimental data and operational experience obtained provide meaningful data for the development and management of subsequent satellites. FY-/KOOC-0/C was launched on/KOOC-0/May, 1999/KOOC-0/0, and operated in a sun-synchronous polar orbit of 90/KOOC-0/km, with a design life of 3 years. The main remote sensor of the satellite is a visible-infrared scanner with very high resolution. The number of channels is increased from 5 FY- 1A/B to 10, and the resolution is 1 100 meters. Remote sensing data obtained by satellites are mainly used for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring, such as vegetation, ice and snow cover, floods and forest fires.
Dongfang Hongdao
On April 24th, 0970, at 2 1 35, the Dongfanghong-1 satellite (DFH- 1) was successfully launched at the Dongfeng Range in Jiuquan, Gansu Province, which opened a new era in China's space history and made China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial earth satellites after the Soviet Union, the United States, France and Japan. The satellite adopts spin stabilization mode. The electronic tone generator is the core part of the whole satellite, which repeatedly plays the first eight bars of the music "Dongfanghong" to the ground through the 20MHz short wave transmission system.
Dongfanghong no.2
Dongfanghong-2 (DFH-2) was successfully launched for the first time on April 8, 1984. * * * Developed and launched three Dongfanghong-2 satellites. The development and launch of every three satellites took nearly 1970 years. The successful launch of "Dongfanghong II" started the history of satellite communication with our own communication satellite.
Dongfanghong no.2 home
Dongfanghong-2 A is a modified satellite of Dongfanghong-2 satellite, and its pre-research work began at 1980. The first Dongfanghong -2A satellite was successfully launched on1March 7th, 988. Soon after, the second and third satellites were successfully launched. They are fixed at 87.5, 1 10.5 and 98 respectively. The fourth star failed to enter the scheduled orbit due to the third stage failure of the launch vehicle. Over the past few years, the three satellites have worked well, reaching the design and use targets, and played a great role in China's TV transmission, satellite communication and foreign broadcasting.
Dongfanghong-3 satellite
Dongfanghong-3 satellite is a new generation communication satellite in China, which is mainly used for TV transmission, telephone, telegraph, fax, broadcasting and data transmission. There are 24 C-band transponders on board, six of which are medium-power transponders. Other 18 channels are low-power repeaters. Service areas include: Chinese mainland, Hainan, Taiwan Province Province and offshore islands. Eirp≥37 dbw for medium power channel and 33.5 dbw for low power channel. During the shadow period, all transponders are working. The output power of the satellite at the end of its life is ≥ 1700W: the allowable payload mass of the satellite reaches 170kg. The satellite works in the geostationary orbit, and its position accuracy is 0. 1 in the east-west and north-south directions. The antenna pointing error in pitch and roll directions is 0.65438 0.5, and the error in yaw direction is 0.5. The working life of the satellite is 8 years, and the single satellite reliability at the end of its life is 0.66. Satellites can be docked with various launch vehicles (ZC-3A, Ariane -4, etc.). ), the satellite platform adopts the general platform of geostationary orbit satellite (basic type), which can be used for a variety of medium-sized applications. Dongfanghong-3 satellite has the advanced level (medium capacity) of similar satellites in the world.
Practice 1
Shi Jian-1 satellite (SJ- 1) is a scientific exploration and technical test satellite. /kloc-0 was launched into orbit on March 3, 977, and the satellite's orbital life ended on May1/kloc-0. The ship's long-term telemetry system has been clearly sending telemetry information back to the ground. Shijian-1 is a spin-stabilized satellite, and its successful launch took less than 10 months.
Resource-1 satellite
ZY- 1 is the first transmission earth resource satellite in China. 1988, the governments of China and Brazil signed a protocol and decided to jointly develop China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) on the basis of Resource-1 satellite. Resources 1 are mainly used to monitor the change of land resources; Estimate forest stock and crop growth, quickly identify the estimated losses of floods and earthquakes, and put forward countermeasures; Provide dynamic information on coastal economic development, beach utilization, aquaculture and environmental pollution; At the same time, explore underground resources, so that they can be rationally developed and utilized. Resource-1 satellite weighs 1450 kg and has a life span of two years. The orbit is synchronized with the sun, with an altitude of 778 kilometers and an inclination of 98.5 degrees. The orbital period is 100.26min, and the regression period is 26 days. The local time of the downlink node is 1 1:20. The satellite is a cuboid with a single-wing solar panel. The satellite adopts three-axis stable attitude control mode and S-band and ultrashort wave measurement and control system. The resource-1 satellite was successfully launched by the Long March 4B carrier rocket in1June+1April/October, 1999.
china brazil earth resource satellite
China-Pakistan Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) was jointly developed by China and Pakistan on the basis of the original scheme of China Resources No.1, and it is stipulated that CBERS will be jointly used by the two countries after it is put into operation. Resource-1 satellite is the first generation satellite to transmit earth resources in China. The three kinds of remote sensing cameras on board can observe the earth day and night, and the collected data are transmitted back to the earth ground receiving station by high-rate data transmission system, and processed into pictures needed by various users. Because of its multi-spectral observation, wide range of earth observation and fast data collection, it is especially beneficial to the dynamic and rapid observation of surface information. Because the satellite has the characteristics of multi-spectral observation, wide observation range of the earth, fast data acquisition and macroscopic intuition, it is especially beneficial to dynamically and quickly observe the earth's ground information. The main uses of the satellite in China's national economy are: its image products can be used to monitor the changes of land resources and update the national utilization map every year; Calculate the cultivated land area, estimate the forest stock, crop growth, yield and grassland stock and their annual changes; Monitoring natural and man-made disasters; Quickly identify damages such as floods, earthquakes, forest fires and sandstorms, estimate losses and put forward countermeasures; Provide dynamic information on coastal economic development, beach utilization, aquaculture and environmental pollution; At the same time, explore underground resources, delineate resource areas such as gold, oil, coal and building materials, and supervise the rational development of resources.
Chang ' e one
Chang 'e 1 is the first lunar probe independently developed and launched by China. Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite, a Chinese lunar exploration project, was developed by China Academy of Space Technology and named after Chang 'e, an ancient mythical figure in China. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is an ancient myth circulating in China. Chang 'e-1 is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyze the distribution characteristics of related material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of lunar soil and detect the space environment of the earth and the moon. The whole "flying to the moon" process takes about 8-9 days. Chang 'e-1 will run in a circular polar orbit 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon. The working life of Chang 'e-1 is 1 year, and it is planned to fly around the moon for one year. Will not return to earth after the mission. With the successful launch of Chang 'e-1, China became the fifth country in the world to launch a lunar probe.
Tianlian-1 satellite
Tianlian-1 satellite is the first data relay satellite launched by China, mainly developed by China Academy of Space Technology. It adopts the mature "Dongfanghong III" general platform and breaks through a number of key technologies. Its successful launch has filled the gap in the field of relay satellites in China. Its task is to provide data relay and measurement and control services for satellites, spaceships and other spacecraft, which greatly improves the use efficiency and emergency capability of various satellites, enables data such as resource satellites and environmental satellites to be downloaded in real time, and wins more early warning time for dealing with major natural disasters. Therefore, it is called "satellite among satellites". As we all know, GPS system is the national defense navigation satellite system of the United States, and it is also used for civil navigation. GLONASS in Russia, similar to GPS, consists of a space part, a ground monitoring part and a user receiver part, all of which are composed of 24 satellites with a height of about 20,000 kilometers. GPS is distributed on six orbital planes, each with four satellites, GLONASS is distributed on three orbital planes, and each with eight satellites. The distribution of satellites makes it possible to observe more than four satellites anywhere in the world at any time, thus obtaining high-precision three-dimensional positioning data. This provides a global navigation capability that is continuous in time. The positioning accuracy of GPS can reach 15m, and the speed measurement accuracy is 0.1m/s; GLONASS navigation and positioning accuracy is low, about 30- 100 meters, and speed measurement accuracy is 0. 15 meters per second. These two systems provide all-weather, continuous, real-time, high-precision three-dimensional position, three-dimensional speed and accurate time for planes, ships, tanks, ground vehicles, infantry, missiles and space shuttles all over the world, so they have extremely high military value and civil prospects.
Fengyun-3 satellite
Fengyun-3 satellite was launched from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on May 27th, 2008. It is the first new generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in China. It is equipped with three-dimensional sensors, which can monitor the earth's atmosphere and climate, and can carry out all-weather forecast on a global scale. Fengyun-3 is equipped with visible infrared scanning radiometer, infrared spectrometer, microwave thermometer, microwave imager, etc. 10 and many other international advanced detection instruments. The detection performance is qualitatively improved compared with the first generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-1, which only uses visible light as a means. It can carry out three-dimensional, all-weather, multi-spectral and quantitative detection on a global scale, obtain parameters such as surface, ocean and space environment, and realize medium-term numerical prediction. Fengyun-3 has achieved four leaps: first, it has developed from a single optical observation to the comprehensive detection of more than 10 advanced instruments, which can not only obtain cloud images, but also reproduce the temperature changes of the whole atmosphere from high to low at various heights through spectral chromatography. The second is to solve the problem of cloud occlusion. When traditional optical detection encounters clouds, the detection effect is greatly reduced, while Fengyun-3 can clearly and accurately grasp the inside of clouds and the ground below them. The third is the breakthrough of resolution and sensitivity. The width of a frame scanned by Fengyun-3 is as high as thousands of kilometers, and the ground resolution reaches the order of 100 meters on such a huge photo. The highest detection sensitivity of on-board instruments reaches 0. 1K, which means that satellites at an altitude of 807 kilometers above the ground can accurately feel the slight change of surface temperature of 0. 1℃. Fourthly, the real-time performance of satellite data transmission is greatly improved. The satellite orbits the earth once every 10 1 minute, passing through the poles every time. Through the ground station near the North Pole leased from Sweden, the satellite can transmit data back to the ground at least once every 10 1 minute, which greatly improves the real-time performance of data transmission.
Edit this scrap satellite.
Scrap satellites generally refer to satellites that run out of fuel, and such satellites will not be controlled by humans. Generally, when the fuel is exhausted, the following treatment is done: UARS, an abandoned satellite used by the United States to detect ozone.
1. Become space junk and fly freely. 2. Be manually guided to a safe track. 3. Being artificially guided into the Pacific Ocean (satellite grave). 4. Free fall.
Edit the introduction of GPS system in this paragraph.
It includes three parts: the space part-GPS satellite constellation; Ground control part-ground monitoring system; User equipment part --GPS signal receiver.
GPS satellite constellation
A GPS satellite constellation is composed of 2 1 working satellites and 3 in-orbit standby satellites, and it is called (2 1+3)GPS constellation. These 24 satellites are evenly distributed on six orbital planes, with an orbital inclination of 55 degrees, and the orbital planes are separated by 60 degrees, that is, the orbital right ascension is separated by 60 degrees. The elevation distance between satellites in each orbital plane is 90 degrees, and the satellites in one orbital plane are 30 degrees ahead of the corresponding satellites in the adjacent orbital plane in the west. At an altitude of 20,000 kilometers, for stars, when the earth rotates once, they will make a circle around the earth, that is, the time to make a circle around the earth is 12 sidereal time. In this way, for ground observers, they will see the same GPS satellite four minutes in advance every day. The number of satellites above the horizon varies with time and place. At least 4 satellites can be seen, and at most 1 1 satellite can be seen. When using GPS signals for navigation and positioning, in order to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the site, four GPS satellites must be observed, which is called positioning constellation. The geometric position distribution of these four satellites in the observation process has certain influence on the positioning accuracy. At a certain time in a certain place, even the exact point coordinates can't be measured. This time period is called "gap period". But this time difference is very short, which does not affect the all-weather, high-precision, continuous and real-time navigation and positioning measurement in most parts of the world. The number of GPS working satellites is basically the same as that of test satellites.
Ground monitoring system
For navigation and positioning, GPS satellite is a dynamic known point. The position of the constant star is calculated according to the ephemeris transmitted by the satellite, which describes the motion and orbit parameters of the satellite. The ephemeris broadcast by each GPS satellite is provided by the ground monitoring system. Whether all kinds of equipment on the satellite work normally and whether the satellite has been running along the predetermined orbit should be monitored and controlled by the ground equipment. Another important function of the ground monitoring system is to keep all satellites in the same time standard-GPS time system. This requires the ground station to monitor the time of each satellite and find out the clock difference. Then it is sent to the satellite by the ground injection station, and the satellite sends it to the user equipment through the navigation message. The ground monitoring system of GPS working satellite includes a main control station, three injection stations and five monitoring stations.
GPS signal receiver
The task of the GPS signal receiver is to capture the signals of the satellites to be measured selected according to a certain satellite height cutoff angle, track the operation of these satellites, transform, amplify and process the received GPS signals, thus measuring the propagation time of the GPS signals from the satellites to the antenna of the receiver, interpreting the navigation messages sent by the GPS satellites, and calculating the three-dimensional orientation, position and even three-dimensional speed and time of the station in real time. The navigation and positioning signal sent by GPS satellite is an information resource that can be enjoyed by countless users. For the vast number of users on land, sea and space, as long as users have receiving equipment that can receive, track, convert and measure GPS signals, that is, GPS signal receivers. GPS signals can be used for navigation and positioning measurement at any time. According to different purposes, users need different GPS signal receivers. At present, there are dozens of factories producing GPS receivers in the world, and there are hundreds of products. These products can be classified according to their principles, uses and functions. In static positioning, the GPS receiver is fixed in the process of capturing and tracking GPS satellites. The receiver measures the propagation time of GPS signal with high precision, and calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver antenna position by using the known on-orbit position of GPS satellite. Dynamic positioning is to measure the trajectory of a moving object with a GPS receiver. The moving objects where the GPS signal receiver is located are called carriers (such as sailboats, planes in the air, walking vehicles, etc.). The antenna of the GPS receiver on the carrier moves relative to the earth in the process of tracking the GPS satellite, and the receiver measures the state parameters (instantaneous three-dimensional position and three-dimensional speed) of the moving carrier in real time by using GPS signals. The receiver hardware, internal software and GPS data post-processing software package constitute a complete GPS user equipment. The structure of GPS receiver is divided into two parts: antenna unit and receiving unit. For geodesic receivers, these two units are generally divided into two independent parts. During observation, the antenna unit is placed on the station, and the receiving unit is placed in an appropriate place near the station. The two units are connected into a complete machine through cables. Some also make the antenna unit and the receiving unit into a whole and put them on the test site during observation. GPS receivers generally use batteries as power supply. At the same time, two kinds of DC power sources inside and outside the machine are used. The purpose of setting the internal battery is not to interrupt the continuous observation when replacing the external battery. In the process of using the external battery, the internal battery will automatically charge. After shutdown, the battery in the machine supplies power to the RAM memory to prevent data loss. In recent years, many types of GPS geodetic receivers have been introduced in China. When various types of GPS geodetic receivers are used for precise relative positioning, the accuracy of dual-frequency receivers can reach 5MM+ 1PPM. The accuracy of single frequency receiver can reach 10MM+2PPM. Within a certain distance. The accuracy of differential positioning can reach sub-meter level to centimeter level. At present, various types of GPS receivers are getting smaller and lighter, which is convenient for field observation. GPS and GLONASS compatible global navigation and positioning system receivers have come out. In addition, "satellite" can also be used as a synonym, referring to those who always "surround" others (such as leaders and rich people) to kiss up and flatter.
Edit this satellite engineering system.
Man-made satellite, the largest satellite ground station in the world, is located in Resting, Bavaria, Germany. It can successfully carry out the scheduled tasks, but it needs a complete satellite engineering system, which generally consists of the following systems: launch site system, launch vehicle system, satellite system, measurement and control system, satellite application system, recovery area system (recoverable satellite only) [4][5] It is composed of orbit around the moon, launch vehicle, launch site, measurement and control, and recovery area system. Among them, the moon-orbiting satellite was developed by China Academy of Space Technology and named Chang 'e-1. Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform was selected, with a total weight of 2,350kg and a design life of one year. The launch vehicle was developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and the Long March 3A was selected. The rocket has a total length of 52.52 meters, a maximum diameter of 3.35 meters and a carrying capacity of 2,600 kilograms. More than 65,438+00 successful launches have been recorded. The launch site system was built by xichang satellite launch center, and xichang satellite launch center was chosen to rebuild a series of launch sites. TT&C system is built by Xi 'an Satellite TT&C Center and General Assembly TT&C. It is mainly composed of the existing 3-band TT&C network in China, supplemented by VLBI astronomical measurement system. The ground application system is developed and constructed by the Space Science and Application Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and consists of five subsystems: data receiving, operation management, data preprocessing, data management and scientific application and research.
Edit the satellite system equipment in this section.
In the satellite system, various devices are divided into two parts according to different functions: payload and satellite platform. Satellite platform is divided into several subsystems: payload (different types of satellites are different, the same below * * *) ground camera and payload satellite platform carried by satellite camera (providing environment and technical conditions for payload operation, including:) attitude and orbit control subsystem of service system, program control subsystem, telemetry subsystem, tracking and testing subsystem, power supply and distribution subsystem, return subsystem (limited return satellite) satellite structure platform.
Edit the harm of this space junk
As we all know, the earth's atmosphere and oceans are being seriously polluted by mountains of garbage. Computer simulation images recently released by the ground control center of the European Space Agency show that "space junk" has turned the earth into a garbage dump. Turn space into a garbage dump within 50 years. According to the professional terminology of rocket scientists, they are called "orbital debris", but most people call them "space junk". Nowadays, space junk is increasingly becoming a difficult problem for human beings. 5 1 years ago, we launched the first spaceship into space-the first artificial satellite of the Soviet Union. Half a century has passed, and we have turned space into a garbage dump, which is filled with countless pieces. Here, hundreds of satellites, an international space station, a space telescope and a large number of interstellar probes are running. Spacecraft will fall into the atmosphere and become ashes, but this process usually takes several months. There are still millions of space debris wandering in the geostationary orbit 20,000 miles above the ground, and they have never dispersed. These debris include abandoned spacecraft and abandoned satellites, rocket packaging, metal pieces, nuts and bolts produced during collision and docking, tools carelessly discarded, and astronaut excrement thrown by manned spacecraft. Although the Russian "Peace" space station has made great contributions to human space exploration, it has also produced more than 200 bags of garbage during its operation. 1994, the Pegasus unmanned rocket exploded and instantly turned into 300,000 pieces with a diameter of more than one eighth of an inch. "It's only a matter of time before the tragedy happens." Now, NASA and other agencies are gradually cataloguing some space junk. Space junk attracts so much attention because it seriously threatens the safety of astronauts and spacecraft. A small piece of pigment can fly in space at tens of thousands of miles per hour. Once it hits the International Space Station, it is easy to leave a dent on the outer shell of the space station and even break the glass. Fortunately, modern spacecraft are equipped with protective screens that can deflect the impact direction of objects up to half an inch in diameter. In addition, the space is vast, and there are many gaps between these space junk, so the possibility of collision is very small. However, experts still point out that it is only a matter of time before such a tragedy happens. Sadly, cleaning up space junk is much more difficult than cleaning up garbage on earth. The first person injured by satellite debris "China Chen Nishi" records that the first person injured by satellite debris in China was Wu Jie. The world is full of miracles. The probability of a person being injured by satellite debris is one in a billion, and such a small probability was actually met by Wu Jie. 20021October 27th, 1 1, Wu Jie of Yanghe Village, Zhucunguan Town, Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province is playing outside the yard. Unfortunately, he was knocked unconscious by satellite fragments falling from the sky and his little toe was broken. Villagers also saw 19 pieces of metal falling from the sky in different places. What hurt him was the metal shell that fell off after the satellite rose into orbit.
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