Knowledge about life on a desert island

Field survival skills: finding and collecting water

Life is inseparable from water. Normal people can live for three weeks without food and three days without water, so water should be given priority. Here are some tips to help you find or collect water quickly in the wild.

1. The first choice for finding water is the bottom of the valley. In order to find water on the high mountain, we should find it along the rock cracks and dry up the river.

Spring water is often dug in bed sand and gravel areas.

2. On the coast, if you want to dig a pit above the highest waterline, it is likely that a layer of leached water with a thickness of about 5 cm will float on the dense seawater layer.

3. When drinking concave water, be sure to disinfect the precipitate before boiling.

4. Collecting rainwater: Digging a hole in the ground, spreading a layer of plastic and enclosing it with clay can effectively collect rainwater.

5. Condensed water: put plastic bags on twigs with dense leaves, and leaves will produce condensed water by transpiration.

6. Follow the trail of animals, birds, insects or humans to find water.

7. Draw water from plants: hollow plants such as bamboo often have water in internodes, vines often have drinkable juice, and the fruits and stems of palm and cactus plants are rich in water.

8. Solar distiller: In arid desert areas, water can be collected by digging a pit with a width of about 90 cm and a depth of 45 cm on the relatively humid ground, placing a water collector in the center of the pit bottom, and hanging an arc-shaped plastic film on the surface of the pit. The light energy raises the temperature of the moist soil and air in the pit, and evaporates to generate water vapor, which condenses into water drops when contacting with the plastic film and slides down the container.

Wildfire of survival skills in the wild

What can fire do? Cooking food. That's right. It also has many uses: the flame releases heat to produce warmth, which will save the heat loss in the body; You can dry clothes; Bacon can keep fresh for a long time; Can scare away dangerous beasts; Its smoke can drive away pests and forge metal tools ... awesome, I'll teach you a few tricks and learn to survive in the wild.

The first thing is to find flammable kindling: such as hay, dried leaves, birch bark, pine needles, turpentine, twigs, paper, cotton and so on.

Secondly, choose dry wood: dry wood should choose dry and uncorrupted trunk or branch. Try to choose hardwood such as pine, oak, oak, birch, locust, wild cherry and wild apricot. Burning for a long time, big fire, more charcoal. Don't pick up firewood near the ground. The firewood near the ground is wet, not easy to burn and full of smoke.

The next step is to clear a flat clearing away from the wind, away from hay and dry wood. Put the kindling in the middle, and gently add fine pine branches, fine dry wood, etc. On it, put up a bigger and longer firewood and light the fire. According to local conditions, the setting of the fire can be designed as cone, star, parallel, side by side, roof, pasture and so on. You can also support dry wood with stones under the rock wall or lean against the rock wall, and then place a leader below and light it. Generally, a pit with a diameter of about 1 m and a depth of about 30 cm is dug in the air-raid shelter. If the ground is hard enough to dig a hole, you can also find some stones to form a circle, and the size of the circle depends on the size of the fire. Then put the team leader in the middle of the circle, put some dry wood on it, and light the team leader to light the dry wood to form a bonfire. If the fire is about to burn out before the dry wood is lit, you should continue to add fire from the gap of the dry wood until the dry wood is burned out, instead of re-igniting the wood.

Finally, it is best to light a bonfire at the water's edge, or prepare some dirt, sand, moss, etc. By the campfire, so as to put out the fire in time.

Application of sleeping bag in field survival skills

Sleeping in a sleeping bag is tricky. People who "can't sleep" will feel cold at low temperature (MINUS 5 degrees), even if they use cold sleeping bags (MINUS 35 degrees). So how can they sleep warmer? When using sleeping bags, there are many external factors that will affect the performance of sleeping bags. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself is not hot, it only effectively reduces the loss of body temperature, and the following situation will help you sleep warmer.

▲ Shelter from wind and moisture

In the wild, sheltered tents can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a camp, don't choose the valley bottom, which is the gathering place of cold air, and try to avoid the ridges or valleys that bear strong winds. A good damp-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground, and the inflation effect is better. You need two ordinary moistureproof mats in the snow.

▲ Keep the sleeping bag dry.

The water absorbed by sleeping bags mainly comes from the human body instead of the outside world. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still expel at least a small glass of water during sleep. Thermal insulation cotton will stick when it is wet, lose its elasticity and reduce its thermal insulation ability. If the sleeping bag is used for several days continuously, it is best to dry it in the sun. Frequent cleaning of sleeping bags can keep the elasticity of thermal insulation cotton.

▲ Wear more clothes.

Some soft clothes can also be used as thick pajamas Filling the gap between people and sleeping bags can also enhance the warmth of sleeping bags.

▲ Warm up before going to bed

The human body is the heat source of sleeping bags. If you do a short warm-up exercise or drink a hot drink before going to bed, your body temperature will rise slightly, which will help shorten the heating time of your sleeping bag.

Standing first aid kit for field survival skills

No one can predict what will happen in the wild. First aid kit can prolong your life, so be sure to carry it with you.

The first aid kit contains the following basic first aid items:

① bandage

Different widths and materials are used to deal with different areas and different types of damage.

Generally speaking, there are:

Gauze roll bandage: suitable for treating common wounds, mainly used to fix dressings.

Elastic scroll bandage: elastic, not only can be used to treat wounds, but also can be used to treat common injuries such as strain, sprain and varicose veins, which can fix injured limbs and reduce swelling.

Triangle towel: Triangle towel can be used in full width or folded into bandages with different widths. Usually used as a hand hanger to support upper limbs.

② dressing

Made of several layers of gauze, the texture is flexible. Mainly used to cover wounds and absorb secretions; Wounds with more bleeding and secretions can be thickened and covered.

③ cosmetic bag

The dressing bag consists of a cotton pad and a bandage roll. Cover the wound with a cotton pad (dressing) and then fix it with the attached scroll bandage.

(4) Disinfectant

This paper introduces the uses of several commonly used disinfectants:

1. gentian violet (purple potion): accelerates wound scabbing and wound healing.

2. Mercury chloride (mercuric chloride): it protects the wound and has antibacterial effect.

3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds. Can not be used for disinfection of broken wounds.

4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucosa or broken wounds.

⑤ Clean cotton balls

Used for cleaning wounds, dipped in disinfectant when using.

⑥ Disinfection belt

Usually used to treat small wounds. Before sticking the tape, make sure that the skin around the wound is dry and clean, otherwise it will not stick firmly.

⑦ Tape

Used for fixing dressing, roller bandage or triangular bandage.

8 all kinds of pills

Such as Contac, Ganmaotong, Berberine, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet, Bilitong, Huoxiang Zhengqi Pill, stomach medicine, etc.

Pet-name ruby snake medicine

Vacuum extractor, Shanghai snake medicine, Ji Desheng snake medicine.

Join others.

Eye drops, flower oil, hemostatic paste, cooling oil, expelling wind oil, etc.

Survival skills in the wild-how to find the right way

The skills of finding the right route must be accumulated through the usual field activities. For example, I usually get into the habit of consulting maps and compasses at any time, and at the same time actively observe the surrounding terrain and surrounding plants to judge the correct position.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is the most basic way to tell the direction. You can also use the stick shadow method to measure. When the sun is enough to form a shadow, erect a straight stick (1 m or more) on the flat ground and put a stone (or other mark) on the shadow of the wooden stick. The shadow of the stick will move with the sun. After 30-60 minutes, put another stone on the shadow top of the stick again. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, and draw a straight line perpendicular to it in the middle of this straight line. Then step on the first mark with your left foot and the second mark with your right foot. At this time, the front of the standing person is due north, the back is due south, the right hand is east, and the left hand is west.

If you get lost on a cloudy day, you can know your position by the growth of moss on trees or stones. As far as the trees in the northern hemisphere are concerned, the leafy side is the south. If you cut down a tree, the side with wide rings and wet moss is the north.

Use stars: In the northern hemisphere, Polaris is usually the target. The key to using Polaris to identify the direction at night lies in finding Polaris accurately in the vast sea of stars. There are many ways to know Polaris. Here is a simple and effective method:

First, look for the Big Dipper (A) in the shape of the Big Dipper, and extend the interval between the two stars on the handle of the Big Dipper by five times, and you can find the Polaris (D) on this straight line. Generally speaking, the stars on these two handles are called key planets. If you can't see the Big Dipper, go to the opposite constellation (B), which is made up of five stars. They look like the shapes of English letters M or W leaning to one side. Draw a straight line from a star in Hou Xian constellation, and you will find that the distance from Polaris to Polaris is almost the same as that from the Big Dipper. The direction of Polaris is due north.

Look at the direction with a watch: I want to know the direction but I don't have a compass in my hand. In this case, as long as there is the sun, you can find the position with your watch.

Put the matchstick vertically on the ground, then put the watch horizontally on the ground and overlap the shadow of the matchstick with a short needle. The middle between the surface 12 point direction and the scale indicated by the short needle is south, and the opposite is north.

If there are no matches, you can also use twigs to make the shadows more accurate. Remember to wear a watch if you are engaged in challenging survival activities. At this time, an ordinary watch is more valuable than an electronic watch. Because the hour hand and minute hand on an ordinary watch will become an important survival tool when necessary.