Astronomical knowledge, more and better.

1. Name 24 solar terms and approximate Gregorian calendar dates in turn.

(Please refer to the following jingles: February 5th (around) is beginning of spring, and March 20th (around) is the vernal equinox: (Li) Spring rain (water) excites (thorn (zhé)) Spring (minute) clear (bright) valley (rainy) day, (Li) summer (small). The dates of the two festivals are set every month, with a difference of only one or two days: the first half of the year is June 20th (niàn), and the second half is August 23rd. )

2. Say the zodiac signs in order (except Ophiuchus).

(You can refer to the jingle: Pisces and Aries should unite, Taurus and Gemini should eat cancer, Libra (Scorpio), and Ma Bao bottle should bring Capricorn (Jie). Note: The last constellation is Aquarius. )

3. In 20071October 24th, 10, and on September 25th, 2008, which spacecraft were launched by China?

(Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite, Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft)

4. What is the first cosmic speed and the second cosmic speed, third cosmic velocity? How much are they? (orbiting the earth, flying out of the earth, flying out of the solar system; 7.9 kilometers per second (ground), 1 1.2 kilometers per second, 16.7 kilometers per second. )

5. Which country was the first astronaut in the world? What's your name? Which country was the first astronaut on the moon in the world? What's your name? Who was the first astronaut in China to go into space?

(Gagarin in the Soviet Union, Armstrong and Yang Liwei in the United States)

6. If you are an astronaut, which celestial body do you want to choose as the space target? Why? There is no standard answer to this question. As long as you can briefly introduce some characteristics of the target celestial body. )

7. For observers near the equator, which of the following celestial bodies is impossible to see at any time at night? Why?

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Vega, Polaris, Sirius, Moon, Large Magellanic Galaxy.

(Mercury, Venus. Because these two celestial bodies are inner planets, it is impossible to see them anywhere on earth in the middle of the night. )

8. The farther the planet is from the sun, the lower the surface temperature, except for Venus. Why?

There is a strong atmosphere, and the atmospheric component is mainly carbon dioxide, so the greenhouse effect is particularly strong. )

9. Jupiter and Saturn both look oval. Why?

(One is that there is no solid surface, and the other is that the rotation speed is very fast)

10, what is the brightness of the stars? What is the brightness of the full moon and the sun?

(Expressed by "order of magnitude", the larger the digital value, the smaller the brightness. Star aberration 1, brightness difference about 2.5 12 times, star aberration 5, brightness difference 100 times. The full moon is about-13 and the sun is about -27. )

1 1. What are the famous constellations and bright stars in the Spring Festival Evening?

(Leo, Capricorn, Virgo, Ursa Major; Leo Alpha (middle name Xuanyuan XIV, brightness 1, etc. ), shepherd alpha (middle name plantain, brightness 0, etc. ), Virgo Alpha (middle name focal speed I, brightness 1, etc. ), Leo beta (middle name Wudi I, brightness 2, etc. ). arcturus, arcturus and Emperor Star form a relatively standard equilateral triangle, so they are called spring triangles. The Big Dipper in Ursa Major is also a good observation target in spring. )

12. What are the famous constellations and bright stars in summer night?

Lyra, Eagle, Cygnus, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Hercules, Norris Corona, Ophiuchus; Lyra alpha (middle name Vega 1, brightness 0, etc. ), Eagle Alpha (middle name cowherd, brightness 1, etc. ) and cygnus alpha (middle name Tianjin IV, brightness 1, etc. ) forms an approximate right triangle, so it is called the summer triangle. Scorpio α (middle name Antares, brightness 1, etc. ) is bright red, so it was called "fire" in ancient China. )

13. What are the famous constellations and bright stars in autumn night?

(Pegasus, Andromeda, Perseus, Pisces, whales; Alpha Pisces (middle name: Beiluoshimen, brightness: 1, etc. ) is the only bright star in autumn night 1. Three stars, Pegasus and Andromeda α (brightness is equal to 2, middle names are Virgo I, II, Wall I and II respectively), form the iconic figure of autumn-Pegasus quadrangle. )

14. What are the famous constellations and bright stars in winter night?

The starry sky in winter is the most gorgeous starry sky in a year. Orion, Canis major, Canis minor, Auriga, Gemini and Taurus are all famous constellations, and they all have famous bright stars. Alpha Canis (Sirius, brightness-1.5, etc. ), beta Orion (Betelgeuse, brightness 0, etc. ), Alpha Orion (Betelgeuse, brightness 0, etc. ), small dog alpha (Nanhe III, brightness 0, etc. ), Alpha Taurus (Betelgeuse, brightness 1, etc. ) Alpha Canis, Alpha Canis, Alpha Orion and three bright stars form a standard equilateral triangle, which is naturally called the winter triangle. )

15, what are the adverse effects of the earth's atmosphere on astronomical observation?

(1, window effect, starlight belongs to electromagnetic waves, and the atmosphere only allows visible light and radio waves in electromagnetic waves emitted by celestial bodies to pass through. If people want to study other components of starlight, they must find another way. 2. Refraction effect, also known as air difference. Because of the existence of the atmosphere, the apparent position of starlight is higher than the real position. The lower the horizon, the more serious this phenomenon is. 3. Scattering effect. There are many tiny dust particles suspended in the atmosphere, which scatter starlight in all directions, making the sky very bright and unable to see dim starlight during the day. At the same time, the shorter the wavelength of starlight, the more dispersed it is, and the color of starlight observed by ground observers is distorted. 4. The temperature in the atmosphere is uneven, and the refraction of star light by air masses at different temperatures is different. When starlight passes through the atmosphere, it will produce violent jitter. Astronomers use "visibility" to express this effect of the atmosphere on starlight. )

16, how to indicate the position of celestial bodies?

(It can be expressed in horizon coordinates: "height and azimuth", and equatorial coordinates "right ascension and declination" are more suitable. Professional astronomers also use ecliptic coordinates and galactic coordinates. )

17. What kinds of telescopes are there? What are their characteristics?

(Three types: refractive, reflective and catadioptric. Refractive type often refers to Galileo type and Kepler type. Their objective lenses are all lenses, and the light emitted by celestial bodies is deflected and focused after passing through the objective lens, so that the eyepiece can observe it. This kind of telescope is simple in structure and convenient to use and maintain, but there is chromatic aberration that cannot be completely eliminated. In order to eliminate the chromatic aberration of the refracting telescope, Newton was the first to make the reflecting telescope. This kind of telescope uses concave mirror instead of convex lens as the objective lens of the telescope. The light emitted by celestial bodies is focused after being reflected by concave mirror, but the light reflection will not produce chromatic aberration. However, the objective lens of this telescope is easy to be polluted, which affects the reflection efficiency and is troublesome to maintain and debug. A refractive lens is added in front of the reflective telescope to form a new kind of telescope-catadioptric telescope. There are many changes and superior performance, but the structure is complex and the requirements for debugging and maintenance are high. )

18, brief introduction to the three steps of "Chang 'e Project". (around, down, back. The difficulty is getting bigger and bigger and the effect is getting better and better)

19. Introduce the tasks and achievements of Shenzhou 5, No.6 and No.7.

Chang 'e V made its first manned flight, and Yang Liwei became the first astronaut in China. On the 6 th, a two-person multi-day flight was realized. On the 7th, three people flew and walked in space. )

20. What does "UFO" mean? Are there aliens?

("UFO" means "UFO". Including any UFO. The universe is vast and boundless, and there can never be only "people" on the earth. But the universe is too vast and the distance between celestial bodies is too great. Although it is certain that there must be "aliens" in the universe, there is no definite fact that "aliens" have been discovered. )

2 1, how many planets can you see with the naked eye (five in Jin Mu, five in water, fire and earth, plus the heavenly king).

22. What does the morning star mean? What does Chang Geng Xing mean? What planet does the West call the God of War in Mars mythology? (Venus in the morning, Venus at night, Mars)

23. Name eight planets in order. (Water, gold, earth, fire, wood, earth, heavenly king, Neptune)

24. List eight planets in descending order. (wood, earth, heavenly king, Neptune, earth, gold, fire, water)

25. Which planet is closest in size to the Earth? (gold)

26. What is the most similar surface condition to the Earth? (fire)

27. How are the craters on the surface of the moon caused? (Most of them are formed by meteorite impact, and a few may be formed by volcanic eruption.)

28. Who is the planet with obvious phase change like the moon? (water, gold)

29. The farther away the celestial body is from the sun, the longer the period of revolution around the sun? (dragon)

30. The brightness of planets of the solar system at its brightest is arranged from bright to dark. (gold, fire, wood, water, earth, heavenly king, Neptune)

3 1. What's the name of the lunar exploration project in China? (Chang 'e Lunar Exploration Project, or Chang 'e Project)

32. Why is there no difference between up and down in space? (Space is a weightless environment)

33. What is a "spacewalk"? (astronauts leave the spacecraft and complete the designated tasks outside the spacecraft, which is called astronaut extravehicular activity. We call it "spacewalk" figuratively. )

34. Why should we solve the problem of space resource recycling? It is impossible for human beings to move to space city and other planetary cities to rely on the earth to provide resource support after a long space flight.

35. From which warehouse did the China Shenzhou VII astronaut "spacewalk" enter space? (track box)

36. What is space junk? In space, all useless things produced by human activities belong to space junk. )

How many communication satellites are placed in geosynchronous orbit, and the signal can cover the whole earth except the north and south poles? (3) If a satellite is placed every 120 degrees in geosynchronous orbit, then three satellites can make the signal cover the whole earth except the north and south poles. )

38. How is the solar wind formed and how fast is it? The solar atmosphere consists of three main parts, and the corona layer is the outermost region of the solar atmosphere, with a temperature of 2 million Kelvin. The stream of high-energy particles ejected by the sun melts into a corona and is ejected into space. This is the so-called solar wind, which spreads outward at a speed of 300-800 kilometers per second. )

39. Can people go directly into space without wearing a spacesuit? No, you can't. Space is an ultra-low temperature, high vacuum and strong radiation environment. If the human body is exposed to space, the blood in the human body will quickly vaporize and boil, leading to death. )

40. Why is it best for patients with broken foot bones to recuperate in a space environment? (Because of weightlessness. In space, people are in weightlessness and their bones are not stressed. People don't need to move their legs and feet, and weightlessness in space is beneficial to the rehabilitation of fracture patients. )

4 1. What is the functional difference between the clothes we usually wear and the space suit? Our clothes have three functions: covering, keeping warm and beautifying. In addition to the above three functions, spacesuit is the most important part of life support system. )

42. How many kilometers per second must a spaceship reach to overcome the sun's gravity and fly to the universe? (16.7 km/s)

43. Where does the electric energy of the spacecraft currently in use get from? At present, all kinds of spacecraft running in space are powered by batteries in the cabin before entering orbit. After entering the orbit, the solar panel is unfolded and aimed at the sun, and the solar panel begins to collect solar energy and convert it into electric energy for the spacecraft to use and reserve electric energy. )

44. What are the main types of artificial satellites? (Satellites can be divided into low-orbit satellites (200 ~ 2000 km), medium-high orbit satellites (2000 ~ 20000 km) and geostationary orbit satellites (about 36000 km above the equator); According to the purpose, it can be divided into scientific satellites, technical test satellites and application satellites. Application satellites are divided into civilian satellites and military satellites. )

45. Why is the moon an ideal place to set up an observatory? Because there is no atmospheric cover on the moon, there is no artificial light, clouds and weather interference, so there will be no scattering of air dust and atmospheric jitter.