What did Li Chun do before?

I don't know which [edit this paragraph] 1 you are talking about. The builder of Zhao Zhouqiao is Tu Lichun, a bridge builder in Sui Dynasty. Now people in Xingtai, Hebei Province are all in the city. Zhao Zhouqiao (Anji Bridge) was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the beginning of Daye (595 ~ 605). Zhang, the secretary of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, wrote in the inscription of Anji Bridge: "The stone bridge across the river in Zhaozhou, the trace of craftsmen in Sui Dynasty, is also strange, and people don't know why." However, Zhao Zhouqiao survived for more than 65,438+0,400 years, which is one of the wonders in the architectural history of China. He was a famous bridge craftsman in the Sui Dynasty in China. He built the world-famous Zhao Zhouqiao, created a brand-new situation of bridge construction in China, and made great contributions to the development of bridge technology in China. There is a beautiful legend about Zhao Zhouqiao and Zhao Zhouqiao. It is said that Zhao Zhouqiao was built by Luban. After the completion of this bridge, Zhang rode a donkey and took Chai Rong with him, rushing to join in the fun. When they came to the bridge, they happened to meet Luban, so they asked if the bridge could bear them. Lu Ban thought: Mules, horses and cars can pass through this bridge, but they are nothing, so he invited them to Zhao Zhouqiao Bridge. Who knows, Zhang took the wallet printed with the sun and the moon, and Chai Rong pushed the car printed with "Five Mountains and Famous Mountains", so after they got on the bridge, the bridge was crushed and shook. When Lu Ban saw something bad, he quickly jumped into the water and supported the east side of the bridge with his hands. Because Luban worked too hard, his handprint was left under the east arch of the bridge; As a result, the bridge left donkey's hoof prints, driveway ditches, knee prints left by Chai Rong's fall, and round pits left by Zhang. Of course, this is just a fairy tale made up by people to commemorate ancient craftsmen. Commonly known as Anji Bridge, it is located on the Weihe River in Nanwuli, Zhao County, Hebei Province, across the north and south banks of the Weihe River. It is the earliest existing large stone arch bridge in China and the oldest existing open-shouldered arc arch bridge with the largest span in the world. The total length of the bridge is 50.83 meters, the width is 9 meters, and the net span of the main hole is 37. Oxygen meter. The whole bridge is made of stones, with a total of more than 1 1,000 stones, each weighing 1 ton. The bridge is equipped with exquisite stone railings, resplendent and exquisite. It attracts attention in the history of bridges at home and abroad with its outstanding achievements such as the first open-shouldered arch structure, exquisite architectural art and construction skills, which fully embodies the rich experience and high wisdom of the working people in ancient China in bridge construction. Zhao Zhouqiao was built in the Sui Dynasty. After the Sui Dynasty unified China, it ended the long-standing division between North and South and promoted the social and economic development. At that time, Zhao county was the only way for north-south traffic. From here, you can go north to Zhuo Jun (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) and south to Luoyang, Kyoto. The traffic is very busy. But this traffic artery was blocked by the * * River outside the city, which affected people's communication. It is impassable even in flood season. Therefore, in the first year of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 6O5), it was decided to build a large stone bridge on the * * River to end the long-term traffic inconvenience. Li Chun was appointed to be responsible for the design and construction of the bridge. Li Chun led other craftsmen to come here and made a field trip to the geology of the * * River and its banks. At the same time, he carefully summed up the experience of bridge construction in the past and put forward a unique design scheme in combination with the actual situation. According to the design scheme, the task of bridge construction was completed seriously. Li Chun and others have made many technical achievements in design and construction, which have raised the ancient architectural technology in China to a new level. Zhao Zhouqiao's design has the following innovations in the history of Chinese bridge technology: (1) It adopts the form of circular arch, which has changed the tradition that most large stone bridges in China are semicircular. The ancient stone bridges in China are mostly semicircular, which are beautiful and complete, but they also have two defects: First, the traffic is inconvenient, and the semicircular arch is more suitable for bridges with small spans, while the semicircular arch is used for bridges with large spans, which will make the vault higher and cause steep slopes. Second, the construction is unfavorable, and the scaffolding used for semi-circular arch stone masonry will be very high, which will increase the construction risk. To this end, Li Chun and craftsmen creatively adopted the form of circular arch, which greatly reduced the height of stone arch. The net span of Zhao Zhouqiao's main span is 37. 02 meters, while the arch height is only 7.25 meters, and the arch height-span ratio is about 1:5. In this way, the dual purposes of low bridge deck and long span are realized, and the bridge deck transition is smooth, which is convenient for vehicles and pedestrians. It also has the advantages of saving materials and convenient construction. Of course, the thrust of the circular arches at both ends on the bridge foundation also increases accordingly, which puts forward higher requirements for the construction of the bridge foundation. (2) adopt our shoulders. This is a major improvement made by Li Chun on the arch shoulder. The solid shoulder arch used in bridge construction is changed into an open shoulder arch, that is, two small arches are set at both ends of the big arch, and the clear distance between the small arch near the foot of the big arch is 3.8 meters, and the clear distance between the other arch is 2.8 meters. This kind of open-shouldered arch with large arch and small arch has excellent technical performance. First of all, it can increase the flood discharge capacity and reduce the impact of flood on bridges caused by the increase of water volume in flood season. During the flood season, the potential of the ancient river is large, which is a test for the flood discharge capacity of the bridge. Four small arches can share part of the flood. According to the calculation, four small arches can increase the water area by about 16%, greatly reduce the impact of flood on the bridge and improve the safety of the bridge. Secondly, compared with solid shoulder arch, open shoulder arch can save a lot of earthwork materials and reduce the dead weight of the bridge. According to the calculation, four small arches can save 26 cubic meters of stone and reduce the dead weight by 700 tons, thus reducing the vertical pressure and horizontal thrust of abutment and bridge foundation on the bridge body and increasing the stability of the bridge. Third, it adds a beautiful shape. The four small arches are balanced and symmetrical, and the large arch and the small arch form a complete picture, which is lighter and more beautiful, reflecting the complete unity of architecture and art. Fourthly, according to the theory of structural mechanics, the open-shouldered arch structure can make the bridge in a favorable state when bearing load, reduce the deformation of the main arch ring and improve the bearing capacity and stability of the bridge. (3) Single hole. In the traditional construction methods in ancient China, generally long bridges often take the form of multiple holes, so that each hole has a small span, a gentle slope and is easy to build. However, porous bridges also have disadvantages, such as many piers, which are not conducive to the navigation of ships and hinder flood discharge; The pier has been impacted and eroded by the current for a long time, and it is easy to collapse over time. Therefore, when designing this bridge, Li Chun adopted the form of single hole and large span, and no pier was erected in the middle of the river, which made the stone arch span as long as 37 meters. This is an unprecedented initiative in the history of Chinese bridges. Zhao Zhouqiao is not only unique in design, but also excellent in architectural technology, with many creative ideas. (1) The bridge site selection is reasonable and the bridge foundation is stable. According to his rich practical experience for many years, after careful exploration and comparison, Li Chun chose a relatively flat place on both sides of the * * River to build the bridge. The stratum here is alluvial by rivers, and the surface of stratum is coarse sand layer washed by water, followed by fine stone, coarse stone, fine sand and clay layer. According to modern calculation, the stratum here can bear the pressure of 4.5 to 6.6 kilograms per square centimeter, while the ground pressure in Zhao Zhouqiao is 5 to 6 kilograms per square centimeter, which can meet the requirements of bridges. After the bridge site is selected, the foundation and abutment are built on it. So far, the bridge foundation has only sunk 5 cm, indicating that the stratum here is very suitable for bridge construction. (2) The masonry method in Zhao Zhouqiao is novel and convenient for construction and maintenance. Li Chun used local materials and selected hard blue-gray sandstone produced in nearby counties as the stone for building the bridge. In the stone arch laying method, the longitudinal (along the bridge direction) laying method is adopted, that is, the whole bridge is composed of 28 independent arch pieces side by side along the width direction, and the arch thickness is 1. Ozone meter. Each coupon is operated independently, and it is quite flexible. After each coupon is completely closed, it becomes an independent spell. This masonry method has many advantages, it can not only save the wood used for "scaffolding", but also facilitate movement; At the same time, it is beneficial to the maintenance of the bridge. If the stone of the arch coupon is damaged, it is only necessary to embed new stone and repair it locally, without adjusting the whole bridge. (3) Many strict measures have been taken to keep the bridge stable. Li Chun adopted a series of technical measures to strengthen the horizontal connection between the arches, making the 28 arches form a tight and solid organic whole. L) Each arch piece adopts the method of "dividing points" slightly, so that each arch piece leans inward and leans against each other, so as to enhance its lateral connection and prevent the arch stone from dumping outward; In the width of the bridge, a small number of "demarcation points" are also adopted, that is, the width is gradually reduced from the two ends of the bridge to the top of the bridge, from the widest 9.6 meters to 9 meters, so as to strengthen the stability of the bridge. 2) Five tie bars are evenly arranged on the main ticket along the bridge width direction, passing through 28 arch tickets, and each tie bar has a semicircular head exposed outside the stone at both ends, so as to clamp the 28 arch tickets and enhance their transverse connection. There is an iron tie rod on each of the four small arches, which plays the same role. 3) Cover several arch stones near the outside and small arches at both ends with a layer of arch stones to protect the arch stones; There are six hook stones on both sides of the arch protector to hook the main arch stone to make it firmly connected. 4) In order to make the adjacent arch stones stick together closely, the "waist iron" which plays a connecting role is inserted between the adjacent arch stones on both sides of the outer connecting piece, and the adjacent stones between the connecting pieces are also inserted into the "waist iron" on the arch back to chain the arch stones. Moreover, the side of each arch stone is chiseled with fine twill to increase friction and strengthen the lateral connection of each coupon. These measures make the whole bridge become a close whole and enhance the stability and reliability of the whole bridge. (4) The abutment in Zhao Zhouqiao is unique. Abutment is the foundation of the whole bridge, and it must be able to bear the huge horizontal thrust and vertical pressure of the main arch ring (bridge main body) axial force decomposition. The abutment in Zhao Zhouqiao has the following characteristics: l) the arch foot is low: the arch foot is only about half a meter below the river bed; 2) Shallow bridge foundation: the bridge foundation surface is about the arch foot1.7m; 3) Short abutment: From top to bottom, the abutment with a length of 5 meters, a width of 6.7 meters and a height of 9.6 meters is constructed with gradually slightly thickened stone strips. This is an economical, simple and practical abutment. In order to ensure the reliability of abutment, Li Chun has taken many corresponding foundation reinforcement measures. In order to reduce the vertical displacement of the abutment (that is, the subsidence caused by the vertical pressure of the bridge main body), Li Chun adopted the measures of driving many wooden stakes beside the abutment to strengthen the foundation of the abutment; This method is also often used in today's factory and bridge construction. In order to reduce the horizontal movement of the abutment (that is, the abutment moves backward due to the horizontal thrust of the bridge main body), Li Chun adopted the method of extending the back seat of the abutment to offset the horizontal thrust. In order to protect the abutment and abutment, Li Chun also set up a diamond-shaped wall along the river, which on the one hand can prevent the water from scouring, and on the other hand, the diamond-shaped wall is integrated with the abutment and abutment, thus increasing the stability of abutment. The above measures ensure that the bridge has a solid abutment and improve the stability of the bridge. Zhao Zhouqiao's open-shouldered arch is a great creation of working people in China. In the14th century, the open-shouldered arc stone arch bridge appeared in the west, which was more than 600 years later than that in China. Dr Joseph Needham, a famous British expert on the history of science and technology in China, once listed 26 scientific and technological achievements that spread from China to Europe and other regions from 1 century to 18th century, among which18 was an arch bridge. After the completion, Zhao Zhouqiao has become the north-south transportation hub of China, with the reputation of "a smooth road leads thousands of people to cross, and a courier drives all countries to connect". Under the bridge, people and cars come and go, which greatly facilitates transportation and people's lives and provides convenient conditions for people on both sides of the strait. This bridge has been built for more than 130O years, during which it has experienced the influence of more than 8 earthquakes and the test of more than 8 wars. Bear the weight of countless people and livestock vehicles, endure the erosion of countless wind knives, frost swords, rain and snow, but the majestic posture still stands on the river. After liberation, Zhao Zhouqiao was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and the relevant departments carried out a thorough maintenance of this ancient bridge to maintain its glorious historical position. Zhao Zhouqiao has become a symbol of China people's wisdom, a place of patriotism and history education. The completion of Zhao Zhouqiao has an important influence in the history of Chinese bridges, and its bridge construction with long span, arch and open shoulders has opened up a new world. After Sui Dynasty, many large-scale arch bridges similar to those in Zhaozhou analysis appeared, and now more than a dozen have been discovered, such as Puji Bridge in Ni County, Shanxi Province, Jingde Bridge in Jincheng City, Yongtong Bridge and Jimei Bridge in Zhao County, Hebei Province. Qi zhou Bridge has become a model of bridge construction in China. However, outstanding technical achievements like Zhao Zhouqiao and outstanding bridge experts like Li Chun were ignored by feudal rulers in feudal society, and even left little trace in history books. We know nothing about this world-famous bridge except that it was designed and built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, which is a great pity. But even so, we still firmly believe that Li Chun, as a bridge expert, and Zhao Zhouqiao, as a historical bridge, will go down in the history of the motherland forever and be remembered by future generations. [Edit this paragraph] 2. Li Chun's resume, Associate Research Fellow of Tsinghua University, Doctor of Science: August 2005-June 2003-August 2005, Associate Research Fellow, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 20065438+June 2003-May 2003, postdoctoral fellow, International Materials Science Research Center, Nagoya University, 200 1. 4—200 1.5 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University 1999. 2—200 1.4 Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University1996.3—1998.12 Doctor of Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University 1993.9— 1998. 9— 1993.6 Bachelor's degree in School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Research direction: functional polymer materials [edit this paragraph] 3. Volleyball player Li Chun Gender: Boys Day: 1982.4. 1 Height: 1.90m Weight: 82kg Spike Height: 3m 48 Block Height: 3m 32 Item: Volleyball [Edit this paragraph] 4. Beijing Opera Actor Zodiac: Sagittarius: Pisces Career: Minority Hobbies: Listening to music and raising fish Favorite color: Blue Favorite artist: Rufulan Motto: Art is endless: Yang, Ye, Zheng, Yue Meiti, Wang Shimin, Xiao Runde and Qi 65438+. The repertoires frequently performed are: Yuanmen Shooting Lucky, Luo Cheng Calling Guan, Yumenguan, Yue Jiazhuang, Shi Xiu Tanzhuang, Zhentanzhou, Shiro Tanmu, Legend of the White Snake, Matchmaker, Champion, etc. Male, a Beijing Opera advanced student. 1990 was admitted to the middle school attached to China Opera Academy, where he studied martial arts first and then minored in engineering. Shi Congyang, Ru Shaoquan, Zheng, Ye, Xiao Runde, Qi and Sun Peihong. He studied and performed such plays as Yue Jiazhuang, Exploring Villages in Shi Xiu, Yumenguan, Yellow Crane Tower, Corner of Luocheng, Shooting Chicken at Yuanmen, etc. I have laid a solid foundation in singing and doing basic skills. 1994 Worship Ru Shaoquan as a teacher. 1995 Graduated and assigned to work in Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre. His plays include The Legend of the White Snake, Feng Haichao, Wangjiang Pavilion, Hero, Dragon and Phoenix, Yumenguan, Little Banquet, Shooting at the Yuanmen, Yinkongshan and so on. Under the guidance of teachers such as Tong Daqiang, Wang Shimin, Liang Bin and Zhang, the acting skills have been improved. Work as an actor in Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre. Calendar of activities: June 25th, 2003, May 26th, the last year of the Chinese lunar calendar: The summer training report performance of young actors in Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre in 2003 was held on June 25th and June 26th, and the summer training report performance of Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre was held in the rehearsal hall on the sixth floor of the Beijing Opera Theatre Complex. He Lei,,,,, Chen Lin, Liu Jia, and Li Jianpu performed traditional songs, such as Hate in Gong Chu, Anger in Today, Lulinpo, fun run, Iron Gong Yuan and Leopard. 20031October 9 165438, 20031October 16/3: 30, the second phase of "Chrysanthemum Stars Gathering-Zhao Qun Exhibition Month" was held at Shaw Stage today. The repertoire "The Tattoo of Mother-in-law" (Hu Xuan, Xu Jianzhong) and "The Legend of the White Snake" (The Broken Bridge of Jinshan Temple, Leifeng Pagoda) (Zhao Qun, Li Chun, Liu Jia, Bao Yuqi, Ren Guangping) March 20, 2006 13: 30, performances: (Yan Qinggu,), flowers giving swords (Stone, He Lei). The drama 1 Xiucai Media (full version) (Zhao Qun, Baoyu Qi,,,, Ren Guangping,) was reported on July 20th, 2007, the seventh day of June in the year of Dinghai,19:15: "CCTV Liyuan Challenge". Performances: Stealing Imperial Horse (Yang Donghu), Yumenguan (Li Chun), Sijie Village (Chen Lin), Guayuan (Li Qiuming), Zhaojun's departure from the fortress (Han Yijia), (Lv Lin), Xuezhongliu (Sui Xiaoqing) August 24, 2007, July of the year of Dinghai in the lunar calendar. The repertoires "Wazi" (Chen Lin, Zhuang, Wu Bao, Wang Yu) and "Dragon Robe after Encounter" (Tang Yuancai,, Zhuang, Zhang Jianquan, Yu Wei) were held on September 5th, 2007, the fifth day of the eighth lunar month, 13: 30. Performances: Shasimen (Li Liang,), Nvqi (Yan,), Chisang Town (Tang Yuancai,) and Qingshishan (Lv Lin, Li Chun, Yu Wei, Liu Jun, Hong Xiaopeng, Yang Donghu) September 29th, 2007 and August, 6007 19. "Wang Baochuan" (Five Years in High School, Waiyao, Wujiapo, Yinkong Mountain, Headlight Hall) (Sui Xiaoqing, Qiu Yipin, Yang Nan, Miao Hairong, Gu Liang, Zhao Huan, Sina Cha, Li Chun, Cao Jin, Liu Shaojun, Guo Ruiyue, Gao Hongmei and Wang Jiewen) is a Peking Opera performance held at Shaw Stage tonight. The repertory "Revenge of the Prince" (Fu Xiru, Guo Ruiyue, Zhao Huan, joy chen, Yan Qinggu) was held on June 23, 2008 at 5438+1 October1March 23, 2008 13: 30. Plays "No.1 Media" (Wang Rongrong, Bao Yuqi,,,,, Ren Guangping,) [edited this paragraph] 5. Professor Li Chunnan of Beijing Institute of Technology,1born in February, 1970, professor, doctoral supervisor, head of the Department of Biotechnology. Research direction: 1) special environment microbial catalysis and enzyme engineering 2) space microbial application technology 3) biological products and biochemical engineering (biological pesticides; Education:1988.9–1992.7, majoring in plant protection (normal class), undergraduate1992.9–1995.7, majoring in microbiology, master1998.3–2000. Doctor's work experience:1995.8–1998.1Lecturer, School of Food Engineering, Shihezi University 2001.9–2003.8 Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering, postdoctoral fellow; Associate Professor of Shihezi University, 2002. 10-2002. 12 tokyo institute of technology Department of Life Science and Technology, Ra 2003.9-2004.1/assistant to the president of Shihezi University, professor of Food Engineering College, 2004.438+02-2004. Since June, 2006, Dean of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Professor of Beijing Institute of Technology, and Director of Biotechnology Department of School of Life Science and Technology have published more than 100 papers in academic journals and conferences at home and abroad, including SCI papers 13 and EI papers 19. Obtained 4 national invention patents. Participated in the completion of 3 national natural science foundations, presided over the completion of the national postdoctoral natural science foundation 1, and presided over the completion of 2 corps doctoral funds. As a research backbone, he participated in the completion of two national key research projects during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. At present, he is in charge of various projects 10, including 4 national projects and 5 provincial and ministerial projects, and has been funded by major national projects of "973" and "863", the National Natural Science Foundation, the "Outstanding Talents in the New Century" of the Ministry of Education and the "Fok Ying Tung Youth Science Fund" of the Ministry of Education. More than 40 graduate students have been trained, including 8 doctoral students. The award won the second prize of Tianjin Natural Science 1 and the third prize of Xinjiang Corps Scientific and Technological Progress 1. Undergraduate scientific and technological works won the first prize 1(2006 5438+0) and the third prize (2005) in the National University Challenge Cup. In 2004, he was selected into the "New Century Excellent Talents Support Program" of the Ministry of Education, and in 2005, he was selected as an expert of the Bioengineering and Technology Sub-committee of the Ministry of Education (2006-20 10). In 2005, he won the Fok Ying Tung Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education. Director of China Industrial Biochemical and Molecular Biology Professional Committee, Deputy Director of Fermentation Engineering Professional Committee. Reviewers of journals included in SCI and EI, such as Journal of Membrane Science, Journal of Biochemical Engineering, Journal of Chemical Engineering, Journal of University Chemical Engineering, etc. [Edit this paragraph ]6. Graduate student of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.