Xiao Hong's Original Text _ Translation and Appreciation

Later, my grandfather changed his name to Zhang Youying. Pen names Xiao Hong, Yin Qiao, Lingling, Tiandi, etc. 19 1 1 Born in Hulan District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, he lost his mother since childhood. 1932 met Jun Xiao, and 1933 published his first novel "Abandoned Children" under the pen name of elegy. 1935, with the support of Lu Xun, published the famous book "Life and Death Field". /kloc-traveled to Japan in 0/936, writing prose "Lonely Life" and long poem "Sand". /kloc-arrived in Hong Kong with Duanmu Hongliang in 0/940, and later published novella Ma Bole and novel Hulan River Biography. 1942 65438+1October 22nd, died in Hong Kong at the age of 3 1. Xiao Hong's Early Life Experience

19 1 1 year (the third year of Xuantong) June 1 day (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), Xiao Hong was born in Zhangjia Courtyard, south of Longwangmiao Road, Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province (now Hulan District, Harbin). The baby's name is Ronghua, and the scientific name is Zhang Xiuhuan.

19 16 years (five years of the Republic of China), my grandfather changed Xiao Hong's scientific name to Zhang Youying.

19 19 (in the eighth year of the Republic of China), her biological mother Jiang Yulan died of cholera. Father Zhang Tingju continued to marry Liang Yalan, Xiao Hong's stepmother.

1920 (nine years of the Republic of China) entered the girls' class of the First Agricultural School of Hulan County (commonly known as Longwangmiao Primary School, now Xiaohong Primary School).

1924 (thirteen years of the Republic of China) entered the women's department of Beiguan junior high school. Later, he was transferred to Hulan County No.1 Girls' Junior High School.

1927 (Republic of China 16) entered the No.1 Girls' Middle School (now Xiaohong Middle School in Harbin) established in Harbin East Special Zone. Xiao Hong likes literature and painting, and once published lyric poems in the school magazine.

1928 (in the 17th year of the Republic of China), Harbin Students' Union for Protecting Road Rights launched the Anti-Japanese * * * * Road Protection Movement, namely "1 19" Movement. Xiao Hong participated in * * * and took the initiative to be a propagandist.

1929 (Republic of China 18), her grandfather died, and Xiao Hong was very sad because her grandfather was her closest relative. After grandpa died, she lost her feelings and nostalgia for her family.

1930 (Republic of China 19), graduated from junior high school, left Beiping despite family opposition, and entered the girls' middle school affiliated to the Women's Teachers College of Beiping University to attend the first grade of senior high school. Without the support of family, life soon got into trouble.

193 1 year (20th year of the Republic of China) 1 month, left Beiping for Hulan in winter vacation and was placed under house arrest. At the end of February, I went to Beiping again, and soon my fiance Wang Enjia chased Beiping. In mid-March, the two left Beiping together and returned to Harbin. Wang Dacheng, Wang Enjia's brother, was dissatisfied with Xiao Hong's going to Peiping to study, and broke off his engagement with Xiao Hong on behalf of his younger brother. Xiaohong took Wang Dacheng to court. In order to take care of his brother's reputation, Wang Enjia admitted against his will that it was his idea to dissolve the engagement. Xiao Hong lost the lawsuit and returned to Hulan. Later, she moved to Fuchang Village in Acheng County (now Zhu Min Town, Daowai District, Harbin) with her family, and was forced to be isolated from the outside world.

193 1 year (20th year of the Republic of China)1October, fled from Fuchang to Harbin via Acheng. A month later, Wang Enjia and I moved into Dongxingshun Hotel on 16th Street outside Daowai. Half a year later, Xiaohong was pregnant and the labor period was near. Wang Enjia left without saying goodbye. Xiao Hong wrote to Pei Xinyuan, editor of Harbin International Association Supplement, for help. Pei Xinyuan sent Jun Xiao to the hotel several times to send books and periodicals to Xiaohong. Xiao Hong met Xiao Jun.

1932 (21st year of the Republic of China) On August 7th, the Songhua River burst its banks and flooded the urban area. Because Xiaohong owes too much money, the hotel won't let Xiaohong leave. Jun Xiao rented a boat at night, rescued Xiaohong with a rope, and stayed at Pei Xinyuan's house. Xiaohong was admitted to hospital soon to give birth. After the child was born, he was given away because he couldn't keep alive, and then he died. After leaving the hospital, they checked into the Europa Hotel in Daoli Xincheng Street (now Daoli Shangzhi Street) and began to live together. Because they have no fixed income, they just rely on Xiaojun as a tutor and borrow money to make a living.

1932 (in the 21st year of the Republic of China) 165438+ 10. In October, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun moved out of the Europa Hotel and settled in No.25, Daoli Listing Street (now No.25, Xia Hong Street, Daoli District).

Literary works

1933 (22 years of the Republic of China) participated in the exhibition of relief paintings organized by party member Jin, and exhibited two chalk paintings. In April, the novel "Abandoned Children" was published under the pen name of Sadness, which was the earliest literary work published by Xiao Hong. Later, he published many works and embarked on a literary journey.

1933 (22nd year of the Republic of China) In July, he joined Xiao Jun, Bai Lang and Shu Qun as actors in the anti-Japanese performance group "Star Troupe" to support the anti-Japanese war with practical actions. Due to the attention of the enemy and puppet secret service, the troupe was dissolved before the performance.

1933 (22 years of the Republic of China) 10 With the help of Shu Qun and others, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun co-authored a collection of novels and essays, which was published in Harbin at their own expense. Xiao Hong signed elegy, and Xiao Jun signed Saburo. The publication of Trekking caused a great sensation in Northeast China and was widely praised by readers, which laid a solid foundation for Xiao Hong to continue her literary creation.

1June, 934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), because most of the works in Trekking revealed the darkness of the society under the rule of the Japanese puppet government, praised the people's awakening and struggle, and had a distinct color of realistic progress, which aroused the suspicion of the secret service. In order to avoid persecution, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun fled Harbin with the help of underground party organizations and arrived in Qingdao by boat via Dalian. On the day before the Dragon Boat Festival, Mr. and Mrs. Shu Qun met two people at Dagang Wharf and lived together atNo. Guan Yi Road 1. Xiao Jun is the editor-in-chief of Qingdao Morning Post, and Xiao Hong has finished the famous novella "Field of Life and Death". During this period, they got in touch with Mr. Lu Xun, who gave them guidance and encouragement, and was praised as adding two powerful writers to China's left-wing literature. ?

1934 (23rd year of the Republic of China) 165438+ In October, Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun and writer Zhang Meilin left Qingdao and arrived in Shanghai. In Shanghai, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun often go to Lu Xun's home and ask him for advice. Lu Xun introduced them to Mao Dun, Nie Gannu, Ye Zi, Hu Feng and other left-wing writers. These people later became Xiao Hong's good friends, which had a certain influence on her creation and life. Lu Xun and Xu Guangping not only guided them in their creation, but also cared about their lives. Soon, Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun and Ye Zi formed a "slave society" with the support of Lu Xun.

1935 (24th year of the Republic of China) 65438+ February, the field of life and death was published by Shanghai Rongguang Bookstore under the name of "Slave Series", with the signature "Xiao Hong". Lu Xun wrote the preface and Hu Feng wrote the postscript. His works caused a great sensation and strong response in the literary world, and Xiao Hong became famous in one fell swoop.

1936 (25th year of the Republic of China) June15th, Xiao Hong, as one of the original founders, jointly published the Declaration of China Writers and Artists with 67 writers including Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Yi Qun, opposing the civil war, calling on patriotic writers and artists to play a progressive role, create excellent works and take active actions for the liberation of the motherland and national independence.

1936 (25th year of the Republic of China) In July, due to the emotional rift with Xiao Jun, in order to get rid of and ease the contradiction, Xiao Hong went to Japan alone.

1936 (twenty-five years of the Republic of China) 10/910. In October, Mr. Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Xiao Hong published "Mourning for Overseas" and many other works in memory.

1937 (26 years of the Republic of China) In June 5438+10/October, Xiao Hong returned from Japan. After arriving in Shanghai, she went to the World Cemetery to pay tribute to Mr. Lu Xun's tomb and express her grief. In March, I wrote "Grave-sweeping Poem-Dedicated to Mr. Lu Xun", which was published in Literature and Art on April 23rd. In April, I went to Beiping to meet my old friend Li () and then returned to Shanghai. At this time, my relationship with Xiao Jun improved, and I participated in the data collection of Lu Xun Memorial Collection edited by Xiao Jun.

1937 (26th year of the Republic of China) On July 7th, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out. /kloc-in August of 0/3, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai on a large scale. Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun, regardless of the danger, helped Japanese progressive writers Lu Gen and Duan Liyang Ikeda escape the surprise attack of the secret service and protect their safe transfer.

1937 (26th year of the Republic of China) In September, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun evacuated to Wuhan, where they met the famous young poet Jiang Xijin and lived in his apartment at No.25 Xiaojinlong Lane, Qian Jie Waterway, Wuchang. Soon, Duanmu Hongliang, a young writer from the Northeast, also moved in to live with them. Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun, Shu Qun, Bai Lang, Luo Feng, Kong Luosun and other young writers who fled to Wuhan from all parts of the Northeast actively participated in the literary activities of the Anti-Japanese War, and formed an influential group of Northeast writers in Wuhan. Xiao Hong created many works with the theme of anti-Japanese. The publication of essays such as Ornament of the Sky, Sleepless Night, In Tokyo, and Chapter 2 Beyond the Line of Fire: Windows, Little Life and Soldiers has played a positive role in promoting people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

1938 (twenty-seven years of the Republic of China) 65438+ 10, Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun, Nie Gannu, Ai Qing, Tian Tian, Duanmu Hongliang and others left Wuhan at the invitation of Li Gongpu, vice president of the University for Nationalities, and went to Linfen University for Nationalities in Shanxi Province to teach as literary and art teachers. In February, the situation in Linfen was tense, and Xiao Hong and Duanmu Hongliang came to Ann with the Northwest Field Army led by Ding Ling. In April, Xiao Hong returned to Wuhan with Duanmu Hongliang. In May, they got married in Wuhan.

1938 (twenty-seven years of the Republic of China) in June 1 1, Xiao Hong gave birth to a son in Bailang, Jiangjin. On the fourth day after delivery, Xiaohong claimed that the child died of convulsions the night before. When Xiao Hong returned to Chongqing after giving birth, she was invited to write some articles in memory of Mr. Lu Xun, including Remember Our Teacher, Mr. Lu Xun in Memory, Notes on Mr. Lu Xun's Life, and A Brief Introduction to Mr. Lu Xun's Life.

1939 (28th year of the Republic of China) In winter, Xiao Hong and Duanmu Hongliang moved to Zhenming Military Village of Castanopsis fissa, and lived under Jinyi. ?

1940 (29 years of the Republic of China) 65438+1At the end of October, Xiao Hong left Chongqing with Duanmu Hongliang and flew to Hong Kong to live at No.8 Yuedao, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon. On February 5th, "Hong Kong Branch of the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles" held a welcome meeting for them in Dadong Hotel. In March, Xiao Hong attended the symposium held by the Preparatory Committee of Hong Kong Girls' School to commemorate the March 8th Labor Army in Kendo Yangzhong Girls' Middle School. On August 3rd, literary and art groups such as Hong Kong Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hong Kong Branch of Young Journalists Association and China Clerk's Association jointly held a memorial meeting in Kongshengtang, Caroline Hill to commemorate the 60th birthday of Mr. Lu Xun. Xiao Hong is responsible for reporting Lu Xun's life. At the memorial service, Xiao Hong also performed the pantomime "soul of china" written after arriving in Hong Kong.

1, 1940 (29 years of the Republic of China) In September, Biography of Hulan River began to be serialized in the supplement of Constellation. Completed on February 20th10; Serial 65438+completed on February 27th.

Die of illness

194 1 year (30 years of the Republic of China) In April, American progressive writer Smedley returned to China via Hong Kong and went to Kowloon to visit Xiao Hong who was ill. Later, Xiao Hong listened to Smedley's suggestion and went to Mary Hospital for a comprehensive examination, and found that she had tuberculosis. 10 month, Xiaohong was hospitalized for air acupuncture treatment. 165438+1At the end of October, due to the cold reception from the hospital, Xiao Hong returned to her home in Kowloon to recuperate.

194 1 year (30 years of the Republic of China) 65438+February 8, the Pacific War broke out and Kowloon was in flames. At the invitation of Xiao Hong, Mr. Liu Yazi visited Xiao Hong at her residence in Lok Road, Kowloon. The next day, Duanmu Hongliang and young writer Luo escorted Xiao Hong back to Hong Kong from Kowloon and stayed at the Sihao Hotel.

1942 (3 1 year) 65438+ 10/2, Japanese troops occupied Hong Kong. Xiaohong became seriously ill and was sent to Yanghe Hospital in Happy Valley, Hong Kong. Because the quack was misdiagnosed as a laryngeal tumor, she misplaced her throat. As a result of the operation, Xiaohong could not eat or drink and was weak. 65438+ 10/8, Duanmu Hongliang and Luo transferred Xiaohong to Queen Mary Hospital. The next day, Xiao Hong's spirit gradually recovered. She wrote on the paper, "I will always be with the blue sky and clear water, leaving the half of The Red Chamber to others to write." "I watched it coldly for half my life, and I died first, unwilling, unwilling."

Literary features, stylistic features

Xiao Hong's novels have distinctive stylistic features and create the structure of situational novels. The series of essays "Regret for the Past" was criticized as "incomprehensible" when it was published, because Xiao Hong used many novel techniques. This form of writing was extremely novel in the 1930s. Stylistically, it is closer to the novel, but it is also an "out-and-out life record" (Xiao Jun's Postscript on Reading on Teacher's Day). In the history of modern novels in China, from Regret for the Past, Life and Death to Biography of Hulan River, Xiao Hong broke the single narrative mode of traditional novels, created a marginal style between novels, essays and poems, and formed a unique "Xiao Hong Style" novel style with its unique unconventional language, autobiographical narrative style, non-plot structure and poetic style. The development path of this novel style is the prose of China's modern novels, which realizes the connection and continuation of literary history from one side and connects modern literature and traditional literature in aesthetic consciousness. More precisely, it is a new connection between the elegant part of traditional literature-poetry and prose-and the part of modern literature that replaces poetry as the main body-novel. It is this docking that creates the most vital content in modern literature. With her tragic life, emotion and life experience, Xiao Hong observes the life form and living state of the rural society she is familiar with, exposes and criticizes the weakness of national character, and shows the tragedy of human beings, women and general life, thus making her novels have a strong and profound tragic implication and unique and rich cultural connotation.

language feature

Xiao Hong's novels have unconventional stylistic language, which is poetic, straightforward and natural. Xiao Hong's works are mostly autobiographical. She doesn't write according to normal thinking, but describes everything she knows in a very natural and unfamiliar language. Xiao Hong's language use is unconventional, not only fresh and unfamiliar, but also straightforward and natural. The straightforwardness of Xiao Hong's language is first manifested in her frankness and her unpretentious language description of this poetic world when she observes the world with a unique childlike innocence. The application of this unconventional language in Xiao Hong's later works is becoming more and more mature. Ox carts in the spring of March, flowers in the back garden in June, and Yuan Ye in the small town in the early spring of March are the natural world in the eyes of children, and the scenery of characters is not bound by the old form. At the same time, this straightforward language shows natural characteristics. The characters she writes are all extracted from life, lifelike, sad and happy, and can make readers sing. Because frankness, without affectation and affectation, is more natural and simple, and frankness and nature are naturally combined into one. This language has no trace of deliberate carving, but naturally contains a kind of naive beauty and unique mellow artistic conception, which has become an important feature of Xiao Hong's novel narrative style.

Ideological characteristics

Anecdotal allusions, half gray

1942 (thirty-first year of the Republic of China) 65438+1October 22nd, Xiao Hong fell ill in the French hospital in Hong Kong, and complied with her last wish: she should be able to see the sea behind her. On the fourth day after Xiao Hong's death, Duanmu Hongliang came to a hillside in Repulse Bay with a pen, ink and a vase containing Xiao Hong's ashes. Above is the Lido Hotel, and below is the swimming pool. After he buried the urn, he wrote "Xiao Hong's Tomb" in front of the grave.

When Duanmu Hongliang buried Xiao Hong, he smelled blood all the way. He was worried that the cemetery could not be preserved for a long time, so he deliberately left the other half of the ashes in another same vase and secretly buried it under a tree on the earth cliff of St. Stephen's Girls' School. The French hospital was located in this missionary girls' school at that time, and Zheng Hong Jr. died here.

1In August, 957, Xiao Hong's ashes in Repulse Bay, Hong Kong were moved back to Guangzhou Yinhe Revolutionary Cemetery for burial. At that time, the mainland was anti-Rightist, and Duanmu Hongliang was censored, so he could not go to Guangzhou to meet Xiao Hong's ashes in person. He had to write a commemorative article "in memory of Xiao Hong, pay tribute to the Party!" , published in Guangzhou Daily 1957 in August.

After the Cultural Revolution, Duanmu Hongliang asked his friends from Hong Kong to go to the back of St. Stephen's Girls' School several times to find the burial place of Xiao Hong's other half's ashes, but it took too long and the trees on the mountain were dense and difficult to identify. 1in March, 1995, Duanmu Hongliang received a topographic map of St. Stephen's Girls' School in Hong Kong in the 1940s, hoping to determine the exact location where Xiao Hong's ashes were buried. But after a long time, the copy is vague and the plan is difficult to identify. Duanmu Hongliang said gloomily, "It seems that I may not find it after I go there. Xiao Hong's half will stay in Hong Kong forever.

Xiao Hong's poems and tall buildings can be seen from a distance. No one answered the phone after making a hundred calls, but there was more hate. -Modern Xiao Hong's "To Fang Xi" to Fang Xi

Look up at the tall building, not far away.

No one answered the phone after making a hundred calls, but there was more hate. Because I lived in a big guest house, I was moved. White hair grows on the temples, and the night is hard to understand. -Modern Xiao Hong's feeling in the mirror

Because I lived in a big guest house, I was moved.

White hair grows on the temples, and the night is hard to understand.