Who are the scientists like Madame Curie?

The great astronomer who discovered eight comets and nebulae was born in Hanover, Germany. Her father is a self-taught musician. He carefully educates his children in culture and music, but Caroline is an exception. Caroline showed great interest in learning. She used to observe constellations and celestial bodies with her father.

Because there is a tradition of loving astronomy in the family, my brother William became the court astronomer of George III of England, and made a telescope himself to observe Uranus through this telescope. As her brother's assistant, Caroline often helps her brother polish the mirror and records these observations.

Over time, Caroline has accumulated a wealth of knowledge of mathematics and geometry, and even got the king's allowance as an assistant astronomer. Caroline sits in front of a telescope that can observe the distant sky every night. 1one night in August, 786, Caroline observed the first comet alone, and in the following 1 1 year, she discovered seven more comets. Her discovery provided the most reliable data for later astrophysical research. 1798, Caroline made a Flamsteed catalog of all her discoveries and submitted it to the Royal Society. She also attached a catalog of 560 stars neglected in the British sky map and a publication errata.

After the death of her brother William, Caroline moved back to Hanover to continue her research, and soon recorded 2,500 nebulae and many star clusters.

Countess lovelace (18 15-1852)

1979, the U.S. Department of Defense named a computer programming language, Ada language, after Countess Ada lovelace, in memory of this female scientist who helped British inventor Charlie Babbage develop what was later considered to be the first computer in history 50 years ago.

Ida Byron was born in London, England in 18 15. She is the daughter of the famous poet Byron and his wife annabella milbank. But his parents divorced soon after he was born. Despite Byron's pleading, milbank forbade the poet to visit his daughter.

In strict family education, Ada was influenced by cultural and scientific knowledge, and was guided by many excellent mathematicians, including A. Augustus de Morgan, the chief professor of mathematics at London University. Morgan also introduced her to Mary Somerville, who was the most famous astronomer and mathematician in Britain at that time.

Eda accurately analyzes and predicts the functions and prospects of the analyzer, such as drawing and making music, and performing huge and repeated large-scale calculations. Therefore, Ada undertook the task of writing the analyzer. Eda first worked out the "algorithm" of calculation, and then worked out the "program design flow chart", which was also recognized as "the first computer program" by later generations.

Irène Joliot Curie (1897-1956)

Before Madame Curie died, she was delighted to see her daughter Irene take over the baton and continue to study radioactivity, but failed to see that her daughter and her husband Frederic Iorio won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering new artificial radioactive elements one year after her death.

Irena used to be her mother's assistant, and she met Frederic Iorio at work. Although they have different personalities, they form a happy family. After their marriage, they started the same scientific research as the Curies.

Irena is also a respected mother, and she firmly believes that heavy scientific research work cannot take away her important responsibilities as a mother. After winning the Nobel Prize, she also began to get involved in politics gradually, and served as State Minister in the government of French Socialist Party Leon Bloom, in charge of scientific research.

At the age of 48, Irena was appointed as the director of the Radium Institute of Paris University founded by her mother. A few years later, world politics plunged into a cold war, and Aurio and his wife were expelled from the French Atomic Energy Agency by leftist political forces. But this did not stop Irene from participating in various peace movements.

Irena's research can not only be regarded as a milestone in physics, but also has many important influences on medicine and biology.

lis Maitenaz( 1878- 1968)

Austrian physicist Lis Maitenaz discovered the decisive nuclear fission. However, the Nobel Prize was only awarded to her collaborator otto hahn.

Liss was born into a Jewish family in Austria. Her father was a famous lawyer at that time. He was open to all kinds of knowledge and devoted himself to children's education.

After receiving her doctorate in Berlin, Lise met Einstein of her age. At that time, Einstein frequented the residence of Max Planck, a Nobel Prize winner and physicist. Planck plays the piano and Einstein plays the violin. They formed an indoor band together, and Lise was often invited to join.

Later, in the process of studying radioactivity in cooperation with Hahn, the two men discovered praseodymium and named it. With the help of his nephew Frish, Liss discovered that uranium nucleus was decomposed into krypton and barium after being bombarded by neutrons, and produced a lot of energy. Liss called this process "nuclear fission". This achievement was first published by Hahn and won the Nobel Prize. Lis refused to attend the ceremony.

The United States soon learned about this research result. Because it was in wartime, the United States launched the Manhattan Project and eventually produced the atomic bomb.

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (19 10-1994)

Using the new X-ray technology and the first computers in the world, Dorothy Crawford discovered the molecular structures of insulin, penicillin and vitamin B 12.

Dorothy Crawford was born in Cairo to an archaeologist father and an outstanding botanist mother. Dorothy and her sister were educated in England and received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Somerville College, Oxford University. On a train trip, she met Professor bernal and followed him to Cambridge University for research. Together, they found that protein crystals must be studied in a semi-humid state, not in a dry state. This achievement can be described as a milestone in macromolecular crystallography, which has opened up a glorious road for biology and its application in the medical field.

Later, she returned to Oxford University to continue her research. She began to recognize cholesterol and other biomolecules, such as insulin. Since then, she began to study penicillin, which fascinated many scientists. 1945, Dorothy discovered the molecular structure of penicillin.

Her other important discovery is the analysis of the structure of vitamin B 12, which is very important for the production of white blood cells and red blood cells. It is also because of this great discovery that Dorothy won the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

Barbara mcclintock (1902-1992)

In the 1940s and 1950s, Barbara discovered the gene of spontaneous movement, but her research results were unknown for a long time. It was not until 1983 that she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine that she gained great influence.

At the age of 25, Barbara and geneticists Rawlings Emerson and Marcus Rhodes formed a three-person research team. She later recalled that this was one of the decisive events in her future career. Barbara repeatedly observed the variation of corn grain color and found that the genetic information was not fixed. This is an important discovery, but it has never been recognized.

With the emergence and development of modern molecular biotechnology, Barbara's research finally came out of the darkness and was recognized more than 30 years later. According to Barbara's theory, the change of gene information location not only occurs in plants, but also in various bacteria and humans, so it is of great significance for studying antibacterial methods.

Rosalind franklin (1920-1958)

/kloc-at the age of 0/8, rosalind franklin entered Cambridge University to study chemistry, physics and mathematics, and later came into contact with crystallography. She is obsessed with studying the tiny world with three-dimensional images. During World War II, rosalind received a fund to study carbon. After the war, she studied new X-ray techniques in Paris. At that time, King's College London invited her to study the new technology of DNA structure. From 65438 to 0952, rosalind took X-ray diffraction images of famous DNA molecules, which clearly showed the double helix structure. But in 1962, this research achievement won the Nobel Prize.

At that time, rosalind's name did not appear in the winners' list, not only because she had died at that time, but also because one of the winners, james watson, concealed rosalind's contribution.

Jocelyn Bell-Bourne (1943-)

It was not until the pulsar was discovered that Jocelyn got rid of the notoriety of "bad student". After obtaining a bachelor's degree in physics, Jocelyn joined the research team led by antony hewish of Cambridge University. After a long period of observation, jocelyn finally captured some signals with extremely fast frequency and repeated regularity.

After excluding these signals from extraterrestrial planets, jocelyn speculated that they might come from a huge and special star called a pulsar. On this day, the landmark discovery in literature won the Nobel Prize with 1974, but jocelyn's name was not among the winners.

-Currie: American biochemist. From 1937, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, spent four years studying the complete metabolic process from sugar to lactic acid. 1947, she and her husband won the nobel prize in biology and medicine.

Maria Gopoulter Meyer: American physicist. 1949 put forward the theory of nuclear structure behind the shell, and won the 1963 nobel prize in physics.

-Dorothy Croft Hodgkin: British biochemist. She has made many contributions to the study of material structure in biochemistry. 1955, she used X-ray diffraction technology to determine the complex molecular structures of vitamin B 12, penicillin and its compounds. 1964 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.

-Rosalyn Arrow: American medical physicist. In the research, immunology, homology, mathematics and physics were organically combined to create a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay method, and together with his collaborators, he won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine.

-barbara mcclintock: American botanist. During her 50-year scientific career, she cultivated corn with the secret of genetic variation through cross breeding, and discovered the movable genetic gene, namely genetic mobility. It is the second largest discovery in contemporary genetics, and 1983 won the Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine.

These people are at the same level.

There should be no female scientist who has contributed more to science than Madame Curie.

However, there are also many female scientists who have won the Nobel Prize. If anyone can compare with Madame Curie, it must be one of the following people ~ ~ ~

Nobel Prize-winning female scientists:

Award-winning field-award year-winners

Physics 1903 Marie Sklodowska Curie

Physics 1963 Meyer (Maria Goeppert Mayer)

Chemistry Marie Sklodowska Curie

Chemistry 1935 Aurio Curie.

Chemistry 1964 Hodgkin (Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin)

Physiology and Medicine 1947 (Guttery Radnitz Currie)

Physiology 1977 Yaluo (rosalyn sussman yalow)

Physiology 1983 mcclintock.

Physiology 1986 Montal Sini (rita Levi Montalcini)

Physiology and Medicine 1988 (Gertrude Elion)

Physiology and medicine 1995 Forhad.

Physicist he.

Yang Zhenhua, a famous female scientist, studied the new anticancer drug SBA.

Marie Curie (Poland)

Jin Qingmin (China)

Wu Jianxiong (China)

Goode (UK)

Rachel carson (USA)

He (China)

Georgiana Sigal Jones (United States)

Meng Runing) [I don't need to say which country it is from? ])

Zhong Duanling (ditto)

Shen (China

Wu Jianxiong, quite awesome.