What are the brightest twenty (or twenty-one) stars in the whole day (it is better to introduce them)

The brightest 2 1 star in front of the celestial sphere is:

1, Sirius (big dog alpha)

2, the elderly (bottom α)

3. South Gate (Alpha Centauri)

4. Bighorn Sheep (Mu Fu α)

5. Weaver Girl (Qin Tian α)

6. Capella (Yufu α)

7. Betelgeuse (Orion β)

8. Nanhesan (Alpha Dog)

9. Betelgeuse (Orion α)

10, Water Commission I (Bojiang α)

1 1, Ma Abdo I (β Centauri)

12, and Gu Ji (Cowherd) (Eagle α)

13, cross 2 (southern cross α)

14, Bi Su Wu (Taurus α)

15, antares (Scorpio α)

16, Kakuiyi (Fang Mei α)

17, Beihe III (Gemini β)

18, Beiluo Shimen (Nanyu α)

19, Cross 3 (Southern Cross β)

20. Tianjin No.4 (Swan α)

2 1, Xuanyuan XIV (Lion α)

Number one: Sirius

The visual magnitude of the brightest star in the night sky is-1.45 and so on. It is a binary star in the constellation Canis. Liangzi is a blue and white binary star, and its brightness is 23 times that of the sun. Its volume is slightly larger than the sun, but its temperature is much higher than the sun. It is about 8.6 light-years away from the solar system, only twice as far as the nearest star except the sun. The ancient Egyptians realized that the star pool rose with the sun, that is, the Nile Delta began to flood every year before the sun rose. Moreover, they found that the time interval between Sirius's two rises was 365.25 days, not 365 days in Egypt. German astronomers reported in 1844 that Sirius is a binary star, because it moves along a wavy trajectory in the nearby space, thus inferring that it has a companion star with an orbital period of about 50 years. This companion star was first seen by American astronomers in 1862. Sirius and its companion star revolve around each other in orbits with large eccentricity, and the average distance is about 20 times that of the sun and the earth. Although the bright star shines brightly, it is not difficult to see the companion star with a large telescope. The companion star is similar in mass to the sun, but much denser than the sun. This is the first white dwarf discovered.

Sirius is Alpha Canis, the brightest star in the whole day. Sirius is a visual binary star consisting of A and B. Star A is the first bright star in the whole day and belongs to the main sequence blue dwarf. Star B, commonly known as Sirius companion, is a white dwarf star with a slightly larger mass than the sun and a smaller radius than the earth. Its substance is mainly in degenerate state, and its average density is about 3.8× 106/ cubic centimeter. The orbital period of satellites A and B is 50.090 0.056 years and the orbital eccentricity is 0.5923 0.0019. Sirius is 8.65 0.09 light years away. Whether Sirius is a near binary is related to the evolution of Sirius binary. It was recorded in ancient times that Sirius was red, which provided us with research clues. X-rays of Sirius were discovered in 1975. Some people think that it may be the thermal radiation in the deep atmosphere of almost pure hydrogen of Star B, while others think that it may be caused by the high temperature corona of Star A or Star B, which is still under study. According to the data of 1980, the X-rays of A and B in the band of 0. 15 ~ 3.0 kV were measured by the High Energy Observatory-2 satellite, and it was found that the X-rays of B were much stronger than that of A..

Looking from Orion to the southeast, one of the brightest stars in the whole day shines there. It is Alpha Canis, also known as Sirius in ancient China. Sirius's apparent magnitude is-1.45, which is only 8.7 light years away from us.

Seen from the ground, Sirius is the brightest star in the whole sky after relaying the sun. One of the reasons is that this star is close to us. For example, the brightest star in Cygnus is located in Sirius, so we will see that its brightness will be 3000 times that of now. The ancients did not know the brightness of Sirius, nor did they know that it was so bright because it was close to the earth. However, they still put this planet in an extremely important position in their own cosmology. In the 8th century BC, the Babylonians recorded Sirius in cuneiform characters carved on clay tablets. They say this star is bronzed, it appears in the winter night sky, and it is very bright even during the day. The ancient Egyptians called this star Sotheby's, which means "the star on the water". Every year in late July, they are eager to watch the stars rise before dawn, which appears at the moment before sunrise. In fact, it was from this time that the Nile ushered in its precious flood period, irrigating the land of Egypt and making it fertile soil.

Ranked second: Old age (the first star in the constellation Carina, the second star in the sky) is the brightest star in the constellation Carina in the southern hemisphere. People think its English name (Canopus) is named after the captain who brought the army to Troy. Before the space age, it was difficult for humans to calculate the distance of old stars, so it was speculated to be 1200. Now, we know that Laonian Star is the brightest star in 700 light years.

Canopus is above 52 degrees south latitude. Theoretically, it can be seen south of 38 degrees north latitude, but if you look closely, it will also reach the Yangtze River basin. It may be that this star is so important that the persistent civil servants of the Han Dynasty (who are charged with observing the stars in order to predict the rise and fall of the dynasty) actually observed this star in Chang 'an, 35 degrees north latitude, and recorded it in the history books. I really admire it-anyway, there are no stars on the horizon around 3 degrees.

Laonian is probably the most auspicious star in ancient China. People generally call it the Antarctic old man. Antarctica, especially the south; Old people, that is a symbol of longevity. In folk picture books, the guy with white beard and big forehead is it. This star is also particularly bright, the second brightest star in the whole day after Sirius, emitting a beige light similar to high-grade pearls.

But the ranking above is determined by vision, which is very unscientific. In fact, many stars are much brighter than Sirius, but far away from us.

In fact, in the universe that has been observed by human beings at present, the brightest stars are Laonian, Tientsin IV, Ma Fuyi and Betelgeuse, which are the real bright stars in the universe.

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