Where is the origin of crystal?

The proven low-grade crystal deposits in China are distributed in 109 places in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Except for Shanghai, Tianjin and Ningxia, almost all provinces and regions have production. However, there are not many precious stones mined as raw materials, mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi, Guangdong, Qinghai, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other places. There is a folk saying that there are 72 gullies in Altai Mountain, and there are treasures in the gullies. China's tea crystals are produced in Xinjiang granite pegmatite, with the largest crystals reaching tens of kilograms. Qitai County in this area is famous for producing transparent smoke crystals. Hainan's "Qiongzhou Zhi" contains: "Crystal stone has five colors and is as bright as an ice tip. Wuzhishan is rich in crystals, such as fists and cups, which are crystal clear. " The formation period of Hainan crystal belongs to Mesozoic Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago. The famous Yangjiaoling crystal mine is mainly produced in the Shi Ying belt related to granodiorite, with high quality and large quantity of crystals. Not long ago, abundant crystal mineral deposits were discovered in Pingdingshan, Henan Province. The crystal deposit here belongs to the low-temperature hydrothermal time pulse type. In addition to colorless and transparent, there are amethyst, tea crystal and a small amount of topaz. In addition, Zhenghe County, Fujian Province produces colorless transparent crystals and tea crystals; Colorless transparent crystals and smoke crystals are produced in Yunfu county, Guangdong province; Lingyun county produces colorless transparent crystals and tea crystals; Funing County, Yunnan Province produces colorless transparent crystals, tea crystals and smoke crystals. Where is the most famous crystal mining pit in China? Northern Jiangsu and southeastern Shandong, with an area of several thousand square kilometers and Donghai County as the center, are rich in crystals. Primary veins mainly occur in the rocks composed of various gneiss, granulite, a small amount of schist and lenticular marble in the eastern part of Proterozoic Jiaodong. There are pegmatite vein type, feldspar-bearing vein type and vein type deposits, and there are crystal placers near Jiangxi. The crystals in this area are generally colorless, and a few are brown, smoky and purple. The primary ore is short and long, and the placer is semi-angular and semi-circular. The crystal is large, generally 5 ~10cm thick and 0/00 ~ 400g heavy; The big crystal is tens of centimeters thick, 1 meters long, and weighs several hundred kilograms or even two or three tons. Defects are mainly caused by nodules, cotton and bubbles; However, the crystal has large reserves, wide distribution and shallow burial, and is easy to be mined by people. Crystal mining pits are all over China and all over the world.

More than 30 countries such as Brazil, America, France, Japan, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, Italy, Turkey, Canada, the former Soviet Union, Guatemala, Madagascar and Australia are rich in crystals. Brazil is a crystal kingdom, and its crystal reserves, output and exports account for 90% of the world total. Crystal resources are concentrated in Minas Gerais area in the southeast. A large number of amethysts were collected in Mabala in the north. Amethyst reserves near the north coast of Homa, Zambia and Namibia are quite large; In 1960s, a large number of amethyst deposits were discovered along the Zambezi River. China's ancient book "The Pearl of Things" contains: "Amethyst leaves Linyi". Linyi is an ancient name of Vietnam. Mongolia regards tea crystal as the most expensive, so it is commonly known as "Mongolian tea (crystal)". There are so many crystals in the Alps that locals can take them vertically from rock walls or river bottoms. There are many crystals everywhere in Jiplos, Asia Minor, and farmers can easily pick up many crystals when farming. Because crystals are mostly clustered, lumpy and granular, and hidden in rocks, it is very difficult to "invite" them up. The original excavation, drilling and blasting lead to the fragmentation and fragmentation of the crystal block, the particle size becomes smaller, and a large number of cracks are generated inside, which is of little use and reduces the exquisite value.

At present, there are generally two kinds of excavation methods at home and abroad: open pit and roadway. The most common is open-pit mining. Miners use shovels, picks and shovels to dig out mud and stones on the surface, then trim pieces of flat land from top to bottom, then make steps with hand tools and steam hammers, and finally dig up the soil from bottom to top to let the earth and stones fall. In this process, veins may be found and can be mined. Most of the crystals come from Brazil, Uruguay, South Africa and other places, mainly Brazil. Uruguay produces some precious crystals, but due to political, economic, environmental and other reasons, many unique minerals have been closed: (such as golden hair crystal, green hair crystal and so on. It is hard to find in the market, and it is no longer a new ore body. The main producing areas of high-quality amethyst in the world are Brazil, Uruguay and Urals. Uruguay crystal is also the most expensive, and its color is dark blue and purple, which is very rare. The ore body is very small and will not grow into a crystal hole, so it can hardly be seen in the market. Even if there is, it is very expensive. If you can afford it, the seller will tell you that it is a crystal from Uruguay. It can be believed to be false, no doubt. And because its crystal is small, it is impossible to form a cavity. So, if someone tells you that it is the amethyst cave in Uruguay, you can pat your ass and ignore him. Generally, amethyst with good color sold in the market is mostly produced in Brazil. The highest quality amethyst is moderately deep purple with a strong red auxiliary color. The highest grade amethyst will emit red and pink light from the inside out.

The evaluation standard of crystal is different from that of high-end gemstones. Most high-end gemstones put color first when evaluating. For crystals, color and clarity (called crystals in the crystal industry) are almost equally important factors:

1, color: For any gem, color is very important, and crystal is no exception. If the crystal is colored, such as pink crystal, topaz, amethyst, etc. The highest standard of color evaluation is bright and moving, and there are no other shades such as gray, black and brown. Such as pink crystal, the color is better with pink; Amethyst, bright purple in color, pure but not black; Topaz, the required color does not contain green and lemon tones, and golden orange is preferred. For hair crystal, the color of crystal is also very important. Golden hair crystal hair, crystal completely colorless (white crystal) slightly brown, the visual experience of the naked eye is also different, so the price of the former will be higher than the latter.

2. Clarity: The clarity requirements of crystals and high-grade gems are quite different. High-grade gems are scarce, so people generally don't ask too much for the purity of high-grade gems. However, the output of crystal is really amazing, so people usually require the higher the purity of crystal, the better, and try to avoid crystals with obvious inclusions.

3. Impurities: If there are legendary figures in the impurities inside the crystal, such as Buddha, constellation, zodiac, etc., its value may be higher than that of the crystal with the same color and clarity. Good luck, wealth and happiness!