How to make your own solar panels

The materials required for solar panels are as follows:

1. Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as battery chips). The selection of light transmittance is required, the light transmittance must be high (generally above 9 1%), and ultra-white tempering treatment is also needed.

2.EVA: used for bonding and fixing tempered glass and power generation main body (battery). The quality of transparent EVA directly affects the service life of the module. EVA is easy to age and yellow when exposed to air, which affects the light transmittance of the module and the power generation quality of the module. In addition to the quality of EVA itself, the lamination process of module manufacturers also has great influence. For example, the poor adhesion of EVA to tempered glass and backboard will lead to premature aging of EVA and affect the service life of the module.

3. Battery: Its main function is to generate electricity. The mainstream of power generation market is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Crystalline silicon solar cells are relatively low in equipment cost, but high in consumption and battery cost, but also high in photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is more suitable for generating electricity in outdoor sunlight.

The equipment cost of thin-film solar cells is relatively high, but the consumption and battery cost are low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of crystalline silicon cells, but the weak light effect is very good, and it can also generate electricity under ordinary light, such as solar cells on calculators.

4. Backboard: Function, sealing, insulation and waterproof. Generally, materials such as TPT and TPE must be aging-resistant, and most parts manufacturers guarantee for 25 years. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy are generally good, and the key lies in whether the backboard and silica gel can meet the requirements.

5. Aluminum alloy: protective laminate, which plays a certain role in sealing and supporting.

6. Junction box: protects the whole power generation system and acts as a current transfer station. If the module is short-circuited, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string to prevent the whole system from burning out. The most important thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes, and the corresponding diodes are different according to the types of battery chips in the module.

7. Silica gel: sealing function, which is used to seal the joints between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies use double-sided adhesive and foam instead of silica gel, which is widely used in China. The process is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and the cost is very low.

There are two ways to make solar panels.

Method for manufacture solar panel (1)

Step 1: First, put the titanium dioxide powder into a mortar and grind it with an adhesive, and then slowly coat the film on the conductive glass with a glass rod to make a titanium dioxide film. Put the titanium dioxide film into an alcohol lamp, sinter and cure it for 10 ~ 15 minutes, and then cool it.

Step 2: Dye titanium dioxide with natural dyes as shown in the figure. Squeeze fresh or frozen black plum, Shan Mei, pomegranate seeds or black tea with a spoon, and then put the titanium dioxide film into it for coloring, which takes about 5 minutes until the film turns deep purple. If the color of the film is uneven on both sides, soak it for 5 minutes, then rinse it with ethanol and gently dry it.

Step 3: Make the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It consists of conductive SnO2 film, and a layer of graphite is evenly coated on the conductive surface with 6B pencil.

Step 4: adding electrolyte, and using the solution containing iodine ions as the electrolyte of the solar cell. As shown in the figure, drop one or two drops of electrolyte on the surface of titanium dioxide film.

Step 5: Assemble the battery, put the colored titanium dioxide film face up on the table, drop one or two drops of electrolyte containing iodine and iodine ions on the film, and then press the conductive surface of the negative electrode down on the titanium dioxide film. The two pieces of glass are slightly staggered, and the exposed part can be used as a test electrode. Hold the battery with two clips, so that your solar cell is ready.

Step 6: Test the battery in outdoor sunlight, and a solar cell with an open-circuit voltage of 0.4V and a short-circuit current of 1mA/cm2 can be obtained.

Method for manufacture a solar panel (2)

1. Step 1: First, connect the batteries in series with copper tape. One cell is equivalent to a small power generation unit, which can generate currents of 0.5V and 5.2A If a certain number of cells are connected in series with copper strips, more power can be obtained.

2. Then, it is necessary to seal the battery piece and isolate it from the air, otherwise it will gradually decay until the power generation is zero. Therefore, in the second step, the battery can be sealed between the glass and the back plate after heating and vacuumizing with tempered glass, EVA and back plate.

3, but tempered glass is not strong enough and easy to be damaged, especially at the corners. So the third step is to put an aluminum frame around it for protection. After the above three steps, the solar panel is finished.

Extended data

Application field of solar panels

1. User's solar power supply: (1) 10 ~ 100 W small power supply, used for military and civilian life in remote areas without electricity, such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts, etc. , such as lighting, TV, tape recorder, etc. (2)3-5KW household roof grid-connected power generation system; (3) Photovoltaic water pump: to solve drinking and deep well irrigation in areas without electricity.

2. Traffic field: such as navigation lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Yuxiang street lights, overhead obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless telephone booths, unattended power supplies, etc.

3. Communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcasting/communication/paging power supply system; Rural carrier telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc.

4. Petroleum, marine and meteorological fields: cathodic protection solar power supply system for oil pipelines and reservoir gates, life and emergency power supply for oil drilling platforms, marine detection equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.

5. Lamp power supply: such as courtyard lamp, street lamp, portable lamp, camping lamp, mountaineering lamp, fishing lamp, black lamp, rubber tapping lamp, energy-saving lamp, etc.

6. Photovoltaic power stations: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power stations, wind and light (diesel) complementary power stations, various large parking lot charging stations, etc.

7. Solar building: It is a major development direction to combine solar power generation with building materials to make large-scale buildings self-sufficient in electricity in the future.

8. Other fields include: (1) matching with automobiles: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, automobile air conditioners, ventilator, cold drink boxes, etc. (2) Solar hydrogen production and fuel cell regeneration power generation system; (3) Power supply of seawater desalination equipment; (4) Satellites, spaceships, space solar power stations, etc.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Solar Panel