What does the lunar calendar mean?

The current lunar calendar in China is a combination of yin and yang. The so-called lunar calendar is to make a calendar according to the moon phase formed by the rotation of the moon (lunar). The solar calendar is a calendar based on the rotation of the sun. In terms of rejuvenation, the first and fifteenth days of junior high school are the lunar calendar in China, and their corresponding festivals, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are all celebrated by the lunar calendar. The 24 solar terms are determined according to the solar calendar, that is to say, festivals including winter solstice and Qingming belong to the solar calendar.

There are actually many kinds of generalized solar calendars. Including the Gregorian calendar (or western calendar or new calendar) that we use every day is one of them, and the solar calendar in our traditional lunar calendar is another kind of solar calendar. The solar calendar takes the earth around the sun as a year. The time of one revolution cannot accurately divide the cycle time of the earth's rotation, that is to say, the time of one revolution is 365.2422 days, which is not only equal to an integer day, so different solar calendars will appear after 0.2422 days after the decimal point. At the beginning of the western calendar, 0.2422 days is regarded as 0.25, and then there will be one more day in four years, so four years is a leap day. However, because it is actually less than 0.25, there will be errors in continuing to jump, so 100 will not jump. But there are still errors, so we must jump every 400 years. But there is still an error, so you can't jump at 3200. Of course, this method is so elaborate that it will take at least thousands of years. However, the solar calendar of the China lunar calendar does not handle this decimal and does not convert every year into an integer, so it directly accumulates 0.2422 days each year. Therefore, the beginning of each year (beginning of spring) does not start at 0: 00 a.m. on a certain day, but the time difference in beginning of spring is more than 5 hours every year. For example, in 20 12, beginning of spring is on February 4th 18:22:26, in 20 13, beginning of spring is on February 4th at 00: 13:25. 20 12 is a leap year in the western calendar, with 366 days. 20 18: 22: 26 plus 365.2422 days is February 4, 20 13: 25 (also because of precession, therefore, according to the traditional calendar of China, Beijing time is 2065 438+00: 13:25 2003. For example, every year in beginning of spring, it is basically February 4th, and in Tomb-Sweeping Day, it is mostly April 5th. The winter solstice is generally 65438+February 2nd1,with an occasional difference of one and a half days.

Incidentally, the zodiac is bounded by the Gregorian calendar (a part of the Gregorian calendar in the China lunar calendar), not by the lunar calendar. So what is the zodiac? This is the beginning of spring, not the Spring Festival. For example, today is February 5th in the western calendar, which has passed beginning of spring, but it is not the Spring Festival, but if he/she was born today, he/she is a snake, not a dragon. Because the earthly branch that belongs to the actual year (we use the heavenly stems and earthly branches combined chronology) is the annual branch of the eight characters, and the Ziping eight characters are determined by the solar calendar and the moon, so we don't look at the lunar calendar. If you read some zodiac books, you should pay attention to beginning of spring.

Speaking of the development of the solar calendar, julian calendar (Julius was an emperor of Rome) was invented by the west in more than 40 BC, and 365.25 days was regarded as a period of revolution. It was found that 1583 had a big mistake, and 10 disappeared for no reason. Therefore,1the day after October 4th 1583 is designated as1October 4th, 10. At this time, western countries only use the Gregorian calendar (with the same accuracy as our Yuan Dynasty), that is, today's Gregorian calendar, or western calendar. Therefore, the modern practice of jumping every four years, not jumping for a hundred years, jumping for 400 years and not jumping for 3,200 years is actually related to the development of its calendar. In China, at the beginning of the Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, the period of the earth's revolution was just eight thousandths different from the reality, similar to that of julian calendar in the west (they were seven thousandths), but a little earlier than one hundred years. By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Zu Chongzhi's "Da Li Ming" was accurate to six ten thousandths, and then China already knew the concept of precession. Besides calculating pi, Zu Chongzhi is also an astronomer. ) By the Yuan Dynasty about 1, 200 years ago, the timing calendar had reached today's accuracy, that is, it was consistent with the western Gregorian calendar, but the Gregorian calendar was more than 300 years later and nearly 400 years later.

And the lunar calendar, the calendar above it is also constantly developing. The leap of 17 or the so-called leap of 19 1 1 is a very old practice, and Zu Chongzhi's Da Ming Calendar is already a leap of 39 1 144. But this is actually a statistic, and the actual calculation of leap month is not done according to the way of X year and Y leap. In taichu calendar around 100 BC, the month without neutrality was already a leap month. If you want to ask, how to match the lunar calendar with the solar calendar, so that the lunar calendar will not go further and further because of the error, for example, the Spring Festival will not suddenly arrive in May and June, and this algorithm is more complicated-

In fact, the lunar part of the China lunar calendar is not completely customized according to the rotation of the moon. The rotation of the moon only specifies the length of the first lunar month and the position of the sun, so it is basically suitable every year. According to the lunar calendar in China, October is the demarcation point, so we call the first day of this month the demarcation point. This demarcation point must be before the winter solstice (the winter solstice is part of the solar calendar, so it is related to the solar calendar), and the winter solstice must be in the month where the demarcation point is located. In other words, the nearest new moon before the winter solstice is regarded as the demarcation point, which is the first day of 10. If there are 13 moons between the winter solstice of two years, this year is a leap year of the lunar calendar. To put it simply, a sun period of revolution has 13 full moons in 365.2422 days. That year was a leap year in the lunar calendar, and the boundaries of the revolutionary period began and ended with the winter solstice.

If you know that the year is a leap year, how do you know which month is a leap month? This should be combined with the 24 solar terms, which is the solar calendar. First of all, understand what the 24 solar terms are. 24 solar terms's (elliptical) arc around the earth is 360, and every time after 360 ÷ 24 = 15 is regarded as a solar term. (This was first put forward in Yan Li, and was invented by a group of monks in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not until Tang Ruowang that the time was divided evenly, not by longitude. Of the 24 solar terms, only 12 is actually officially called "solar term", and the other 12 is called "zhongqi", but we are used to calling all 24 "qi" solar terms broadly. The "solar terms" include beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming and Changxia. , generally appears at the beginning of the first month of the Gregorian calendar. For example, beginning of spring usually falls on February 4th in the solar calendar, and Qingming usually falls on April 5th. "Zhongqi" includes Grain Rain, Xiaoman, Summer Solstice and so on. Usually in the month of the Gregorian calendar. For example, the summer solstice is generally June 2 1 or 22 in the western calendar. The generalized twenty-four solar terms consist of 12 solar terms and 12 neutral terms. For example, in beginning of spring, the longitude is 3 15, the rain is 330, the fright is 345, the vernal equinox is 0, and the Qingming is 15. ...

The first lunar month (lunar month) of a lunar leap year does not contain neutral gas and is designated as a leap month. The name of leap month is the same as last month. If the seventh lunar month after the demarcation point is a leap month, it should be the fourth lunar month. Because it is a leap month, March is the name of the month, that is, leap March, and August in the lunar calendar is April.

Therefore, even the lunar part of our lunar calendar is not entirely based on the new moon of the moon. We should also consider the winter solstice and leap month in the atmosphere.

-This should be a question that you want to know how the lunar calendar fits with the lunar calendar. However, as I said above, the calendars in the West and China are not in one step, and it takes a long time to form the calendar you see today. In addition, ancient people's observation of astronomy was not as advanced as modern science and technology. On the one hand, there are flaws in the algorithm, on the other hand, there are flaws in the calculation according to the algorithm, so ancient calendars will make mistakes from time to time. Especially before the Tang Dynasty, it was clear that today was a new moon, but the day before was regarded as the first day. But after the Ming and Qing dynasties, it is basically no different from the modern calendar.

I am not in a hurry to answer the score, because this question already has a recommended answer and a satisfactory answer. But just because I think these recommended answers are too rough, the satisfactory answers are even more irrelevant, and I can't help writing out the calendars I know. I hope the administrator can really pay attention to it, not only my reply, but also see how high the quality of the answer is before each recommendation. I also hope that when I see this problem, netizens who are also confused about the concepts of lunar calendar, solar calendar and lunar calendar can clearly understand what is going on. After all, this is the crystallization of the wisdom of our ancestors.