Design Features of Airbus A380

Airbus has been working closely with major airlines, airports and airworthiness agencies since the aircraft was designed. Because of its huge size, A380 can reduce the cost of seat distance better than any other aircraft (as Boeing 747 did in 1969). Compared with Boeing 747-400, Airbus A380 provides about 35% more seats and 49% more floor space, which makes it have wider seats and open space, and the seat mile cost is lower than that of the most efficient aircraft 15% to 20%. In the initial feasibility study, Airbus limited the wingspan and fuselage length of A380 to 80×80 meters to avoid the reconstruction of large airports. This restriction is based on the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Airport Committee. Airbus has considered airport compatibility in many designs of A380, making the airport suitable for the operation of this super-large aircraft with minimum investment and minimum improvement. In order to shorten the boarding and disembarking time, it is necessary for the airport to design new infrastructure.

According to the endorsement of ICAO, A380 can be accepted by any airport whose runway can operate Boeing 747. The A380 can be compatible with a 45-meter-wide runway and a 23-meter-wide taxiway, and its 20 main wheels reduce the impact on the ground load, which is equivalent to the maneuverability of commercial aircraft in service. In order to improve the accuracy of taxiing, cameras are installed under the rudder and wing of A380 aircraft, so that pilots can know the position of the aircraft more clearly.

A380 fuselage is huge, and it is easy to produce wake. The research of A380 aircraft wake and aircraft spacing has been completed. The influence of A380 vortex on the following aircraft is similar to that of Boeing 747, and there is no need to modify the separation standard. However, according to the research of ICAO, the airflow caused by A380 is larger than that caused by Boeing 747. A working group set up by several international civil aviation organizations suggested that small and medium-sized aircraft should wait for three minutes before using the runway after A380 takes off, and large aircraft should wait for two minutes. The cockpit of A380 is located in the front of the fuselage, at the height of the middle of the two-story cabin. It adopts a two-person system, uses a new interactive display screen, and integrates an extensible avionics module connected through Ethernet. Although the A380 has adopted a new design, it still maintains the advantages of general operation. The A380 has the same cockpit layout, procedures and operating characteristics as other Airbus telex aircraft, thus reducing the training time required for pilots to switch from one Airbus aircraft to another.

There are eight LCD monitors in the cockpit. Includes two main flight displays (PFD), two navigation displays (ND), 1 engine parameter display, 1 system display and two multi-function displays (MFD), which provide an operation interface for the flight management system (FMS). Airbus A380 can carry 555 passengers (including upper cabin 199 passengers and lower cabin 356 passengers) in a typical third-class (first class-business class-economy class) layout, and it can carry 86 passengers1person when the highest density seating layout is adopted. The typical economy class seating arrangement of A380 is "3+4+3" on the lower floor and "2+4+2" on the upper floor. Considering the comfort of passengers, Airbus A380 also adopts more efficient air filtration equipment.

Airbus A380 full double-deck wide-body cabin design provides more spacious space for each passenger. The air in the engine room can be changed every three minutes. The 220 porthole allows the cabin to enjoy more natural light.

The cabin of A380 is equipped with the most advanced in-flight entertainment system developed for passenger planes, and the optical fiber distribution network makes the selection of movies, video games and TV programs more flexible and complete. Passengers can also use laptops and make phone calls on the plane. There are more open spaces, such as business centers. The bottom cabin can be set as a rest area, business area, bar or other entertainment area. According to the needs of different airlines, other facilities can be arranged, such as barber shop, sleeper, casino, massage room or children's playground. Spacious space can be used to arrange first-class private suites, even including bathrooms with shower facilities. Airbus A380 can be equipped with Trent 900 of rolls royce Company or GP7200 of Engine Alliance jointly operated by General Electric Company and Pratt & Whitney Company, both of which are derivatives of engines applied to Boeing 777. Trent 900 is the fourth generation Trent series engine, designed to meet the needs of A380. GP7200 adopts the core and low-pressure compressor of GE90, PW4090 and Rolls-Royce turbofan engines.

In terms of sales volume, Trent 900 prevailed at first, and then GP7200 increased, approaching Trent 900.

It is reported that Emirates A380 will use the latest engine alliance GP7200 engine, which can save 500,000 liters of fuel every year compared with similar aircraft.

When A380 is used on the ground, only two engines can be used when taxiing, and only two thrust reversers and one low-noise auxiliary power unit can be used to help reduce noise.

In the take-off stage, the four 1 16-inch fans of the A380 with Trent 900 engine can run at a speed of nearly 3,000 revolutions per minute, and the operating speed of the blade tips reaches 1 0,000 mph (1600 km/h), which is 65,400 km/h of the speed of sound. Airbus has been developing new technologies in a gradual and reliable way for a long time. The A380 project has developed, tested and applied a series of new technologies related to materials, processes, systems and engines. Airbus chooses mature technologies that can bring long-term benefits. Ensure that the aircraft has better performance, lower operating costs, easier operation and more comfortable ride. Compared with previous aircraft, Airbus A380 uses composite materials in a wider range and introduces many new systems and industrial technologies. Aerodynamic performance, flight system and avionics have been improved, and standards have been set for the first year of 2 1 century. In the use of composite materials, the innovative GLARE (glass fiber reinforced aluminum material) was used in the development of A380. Compared with traditional aluminum, it has light weight, high strength, good fatigue resistance, greatly improved maintenance performance and service life, and does not need special processing technology. About 25% of the aircraft is made of advanced weight-reducing materials, of which 22% is carbon fiber hybrid reinforced plastic (CFRP) and 3% is glare fiber-metal plate used for civil aircraft for the first time. For the first time, A380 uses a central wing box made of composite carbon fiber to connect the wing and fuselage. In addition, A380 uses composite materials in the rear fuselage of the rear pressure chamber for the first time.

In addition to composite materials, A380 also uses a large number of advanced metal materials, which provide the advantages of reliable operation and easy maintenance. Each material will be optimized according to the expected load, pressure and damage degree of different components.

The A380 project adopted the laser beam welding technology first applied on Airbus A3 18, which replaced the rivet welding method.

The A380 adopts a hydraulic system with a pressure of 5,000 pounds per square inch, which can provide more power compared with the hydraulic system with a pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch used by ordinary civil aircraft. The increase in pressure means that smaller pipes and hydraulic components can be used to transmit power and reduce weight. The wings of A380 are huge, each of which is 36 meters long. In addition to the landing gear, it can also store fuel, which together can hold 186386 liters of fuel.

The A380 adopts dual flight control systems, featuring four independent main flight control systems with two different configurations. It includes two conventional hydraulic drive systems and two electro-hydraulic drive systems. The A380 adopts electro-hydraulic action system, which makes it more flexible in power resources, increases redundancy and improves safety performance.

In addition, the A380 has the ability to cross the outfield at low altitude, ultra-low altitude and low speed, and can complete large-angle turn, post-stall and post-stall elevation flight at middle and low altitude, and can also flip in the air, thus ensuring flight safety under severe flight conditions such as bird strike, thunderstorm and strong crosswind. At the same time, its 37-meter-long wing and 8-meter-long side-turning tail ensure that the aircraft can still glide and land when all power fails and fuel runs out. This is why the aviation industry often says that the A380 will never crash. As the saying goes, wings can hitch a ride. It is for this reason that the flight lift generated by the 37-meter-long nano-core frame wing is amazing, which means that even if all the engines of the aircraft are damaged, the time limit for the aircraft to "fall" at a flying height of about 36,000 feet is 60 minutes, instead of falling headlong. Therefore, the only possible cause of A380 crash is that the wing broke due to mid-air collision. Because of its huge weight of 77.63 tons, the landing of A380 is very difficult, because passengers will feel very uncomfortable once landing is too heavy. If the landing is too light, the tail of the plane will tilt up, causing the plane to move sideways and run off the runway, which means very serious consequences.

A380 cockpit adopts the latest interactive display screen and extensible integrated avionics module linked by Ethernet. Compared with the general constant frequency motor, the multi-frequency motor specially developed for A380 has the advantages of simple structure, more reliable use and lighter weight. A380 benefits from the most advanced in-flight entertainment system made by leading manufacturers. These manufacturers provide more powerful systems to utilize the optical fiber network of A380 aircraft.

China Airport can take off and land A380 (20 14) airport level Beijing Capital International Airport 4F Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport 4F Shanghai Pudong International Airport 4F Shenzhen Baoan International Airport 4F Xi An Xianyang International Airport 4F Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport 4F Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport 4E Wuhan Tianhe International Airport 4F kunming changshui international airport 4F Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport 4F Guilin Liangjiang International Airport 4F Tianjin Binhai International Airport 4F Shijiazhuang zhengding international airport 4E Nanjing Lukou International Airport 4F Shenyang Taoxian International Airport 4E Hong Kong International Airport 4F.