Stamp collecting problem

The postal market in China began as a "street fair" with mutual exchange in the early 1980s.

After the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's philatelic industry, the biggest change being the marketization of stamps. In the early days of the philatelic market, the vast number of philatelists applauded, indicating that the spring of China's philatelic cause has arrived. The postal market has experienced ups and downs for more than 20 years from mutual exchange to investment. (Including 1985, 9 1, 1997, and 1983-84, 88-89, and 95-95, the postal price is normal and stable./kloc- )

Today, when we look around the postal market, we can't see the stamp collectors who frequented the postal market in those days, but all we hear are the complaints and dissatisfaction of stamp collectors with the postal market. The reason is that in recent years, China has never been able to become a market that can give credibility to the philatelists and serve the vast number of philatelists. In the past ten years, the distribution of new postal products is very disorderly, the proportion of high-value stamps remains high, the distribution of new postal products is discounted every year, stamp products are overexploited and flooded, all kinds of illegal behaviors emerge one after another, market confidence is gone, postal people complain a lot, and the market is in a mess. Stamp collecting is completely divorced from the market, the development path is getting narrower and narrower, and it is getting out of step with the development of the whole society, and it has entered a dead end. Everyone thinks this is the result of speculation. However, the author believes that this is the inevitable result of the deep-seated factors of China Post, which needs to be explored and studied by people in the philatelic field. A brief analysis is as follows:

First, the relationship between the number of stamps issued and the number of stamps issued.

Since the establishment of the All-China Philatelic Federation in June, 5438+0982, and the first national congress was held in August of the same year, the philatelic market began to flourish. Due to the soaring market price of 5 million T46 "monkey tickets", a "monkey ticket" with a face value of 0.08 yuan rose from 6.4 yuan to 24,000 yuan (currently 18). When the market was good, the number of postal merchants, investors and philatelists increased rapidly, and the philatelic market rose rapidly from the end of 1984 to the beginning of 1985 until the postal price "blew out" (at that time, the normal circulation of sheetlets was between10-2.5 million 85 years ago). On May 24th 1985, the situation changed suddenly, and a huge number of panda sheetlets were issued (12668300). Although the overheating of the postal market was controlled, the postal market dropped rapidly and cooled down, and the situation of discount quilt cover began to appear, and the first climax of China Post ended. Since then, China Post has used the magic weapon of commemorative stamp circulation to intervene in the market, and it has been tried and tested. Since then, the philatelic market in China has fallen into abnormal development.

In order to reverse the decline of the stamp market, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications at that time restored the circulation of sheetlets to an average of 4-5 million during the period from 1986 to the end of 1988, and the stamp collecting market gradually recovered to stability. Then the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications increased the circulation from 1989 to 1 and to 700- 13 1 10,000 pieces. At the same time, in order to activate the market, the circulation is only 1.3 million Zhang Hongfo sheetlets and 65438+. The postal market starts in June, 9 1. With a large number of off-site funds pouring into the market, large-scale speculation made the postal market quickly enter a crazy state, and the second large-scale postal price blowout broke out in the postal market. Stamps and films with a few cents rose at a crazy speed, creating an amazing value-added rate of 10 to 20 times. At that time, the postal market was overcrowded, the postal price soared three times a day, and the wind of speculation swept the country. After that, it was suppressed by the circulation, which suddenly cooled the market boom, brought the postal market to the brink of collapse and almost destroyed the postal market in China. (1991September 14 disaster relief stamps were issued with a circulation of 40 million sets, which caused the postal market to fall below the face value again. Subsequently, in the first half of three years, the circulation of 92-95 sheetlets expanded to 30-40 million, and the postal market was about to collapse. )

Since 1995, postal enterprises have issued world table tennis sheetlets (5 1 13600), toothless osmanthus sheetlets (567000) and toothless empty tripod sheetlets in order to seek the market again. At the same time, the average normal circulation of sheetlets decreased from 30 million to 40 million to 1.600- 1.800 million, creating the third market price of 1.996, 65438+end of February-1.997. Postal prices are getting higher and higher, and funds are getting higher and higher. Under the chase of huge funds, all kinds of stamp products have skyrocketed like wild horses, and the postal market has taken shape. Hundreds of thousands to millions of turnover can be seen everywhere, and hundreds of billions of funds are on the market. 1997 July Hong Kong's return to China Gold Foil Sheetlet 50 yuan's face value has also been speculated to the high-priced scenery in 500 yuan. The gold foil sheetlet has a circulation of 20 million, and the Hong Kong Reunification sheetlet has a circulation of 577 10000. Since then, the postal market has entered a situation of discounted quilt cover, and it has turned cold again after half a year of madness.

1998- 1999, China postal enterprises began to adjust again, and the average circulation of sheetlets was between 24 million and 32 million.

In 2000, the number of sheetlets began to decrease again, and the circulation was between1719-21450,000.

The number of 200 1 sheetlets is now decreasing, and the circulation is between1450-170,000.

In the first half of 2002, the circulation of sheetlets was 654.38 million, or 2.9 million.

From 200 1 to 2002, a few varieties were introduced. (Reasons for not activating the market well: (1) Since the small denomination varieties issued in recent two years are basically small promissory notes and mini-panes, there are many fans who don't collect small promissory notes for stamp collectors; (2) A mini-pane is attached to the mini-pane reservation stamp, but it is not needed; (3) There is no place for sheetlets in the yearbook; (4) The mini pane is large in size, and the game is not smooth, which concentrates the market and forms a high opening and low walking. The postal market has been depressed. I think small varieties should write articles in "sheetlets" and "sheetlets". "Small promissory notes and sheetlets" can't drive the whole package, but they increase the circulation of the package invisibly. )

On May 16, 2002, 3 million souvenir sheets of "World Cup Football Match" were issued, which showed that the top management was clear-headed again and found the goal of stimulating the French market. But what is the scientific basis for determining the number of stamps issued, postal management? Or do postal enterprises need it? Not the market? From the ups and downs of the market for more than 20 years, we should understand the importance of scientific calculation of stamp circulation, proceed from the overall situation of the healthy development of China postal market, correctly handle the relationship between the size of stamp circulation, and gradually make the stamp issuance change from randomness, blindness and speculation to scientificity, standardization, legalization and directionality. It is hoped that the top management with many years of operation experience will completely change the abnormal market development track of "several depressions and one prosperity" in the postal market. But what about this problem? Quot "World Cup Souvenir Sheet" jointly issued by the Mainland, Hong Kong and Macao. However, the sales channels of mainland postal services are not standardized and the sales prices are unreasonable, which leads to the loss of confidence of the market, investors and enthusiasts. Postal enterprises mainly make money, and the provinces promote it in the form of "package", that is, "matching". Its face value is less than RMB 10 in 2.8 yuan and Australian dollar 3.5 yuan, plus the small discount price in 20 yuan, and it should be matched with other philatelic products. The so-called "package" sales have been rejected by the market, resulting in a sharp drop in prices, making it impossible to make progress in "package" sales. Is this standardized?

Second, the relationship between stamp price increase, bank interest rate reduction and postal market:

In 1980s, China came back from the market and rose with amazing speed and strength. China Stamp Company raised the stamp price from 1979 to 1997 according to the needs. With the sharp appreciation of new China stamps, it frequently adjusts the price, once a year on average. Its purpose is to protect the interests of stamp collectors, put more stamps in stock on the market, meet the needs of stamp collectors, especially new stamp collectors, and determine the sales price according to the law of market supply and demand. The former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications stipulated that the price of stamps could be adjusted according to changes in market supply and demand after one year of issuance. Price adjustment is a routine work in philatelic management. After the price adjustment, state-owned companies uniformly sell stamps, and market operators basically operate with reference to the price adjustment of stamps. Reflecting the objective law of market supply and demand, people can not only see the cultural significance of stamp collecting, but also develop their awareness of value-added and saving wealth. Because stamp collecting in the field of stamp collecting has been divorced from the face value, the price can be determined according to the law of supply and demand, and the price can be adjusted according to the changes of market supply and demand. Every time the postal price is raised, the interest rate of the People's Bank of China is lowered. Therefore, raising the postal price often becomes the fuse to detonate the prosperity of the postal market. If the postal price is not raised, the market upsurge of interest rate reduction may not come. The purpose of the bank's interest rate reduction is to enable residents to use their savings to buy goods, so as to alleviate the contradiction between weak business and increased commodity inventory. Coupled with the reduction of the policy of issuing stamps, the number of products is outstanding, which leads to the "blowout" of postal prices again and again.

China Stamp Company raised the postal price, reduced the savings rate of the People's Bank of China, and reduced the number of stamps issued, which just constituted a pointer. The direction of the arrow is the postal market, which is calculated by people with only basic and arithmetic knowledge. Buying stamps to save money appreciates faster than depositing them in banks. Thousands of China people put their savings into stamp trading, making it the fastest-growing financial market in China. For more than 20 years, because inflation has far exceeded the bank interest rate, people are eager to find other investment methods, and stamps have become the best choice, which has caused the outbreak of the postal market and the "blowout" of postal prices.

However, after the opening of state-owned philatelic companies in 1992, local companies directly participated in market competition, forming an irregular management system. The competition between state-owned companies and between state-owned companies and postal merchants does not require unified sales by raising postal prices. The prices of various companies are full of loopholes, and they are price wars. Now the trading methods of state-owned companies are out of control, which leads to repeated discounts in the postal market. In the past five years, the postal price has not been raised, and the postal market has been depressed, falling all the way, and no one cares. So far, no big company has come out to stabilize the postal price, formulate the price catalogue and purchase catalogue, and ensure the interests of investors, stamp collectors and postal merchants. During this period, the bank's interest rate was lowered from 1997 10 to February 2, 200217 times, and the interest rate was adjusted from14% in 997 to1.in 2002.

Third, the philatelic market still has potential.

Since the reform for more than 20 years, China's market economy has made a nationwide leap. Commodities leave the comprehensive planned economy mode and enter the market, and circulate freely according to social needs. Joining the WTO is a new task for China's socialist enterprises. Although we have more than 20 years' experience and lessons in economic system reform, we can learn from all the experiences of China in developing market economy, the healthy development of China's market economy still has a process of exploration and promotion in practice.

China people hold 6 trillion yuan in cash and savings deposits. These capitals have two characteristics: one is to seek value-added; People seek to preserve value. At present, the public places where China can accept these capitals are banks, stock markets and wealth management. However, at present, the interest rate of banks is lowered, and the stock is risky, so residents are more eager to seek the destination of maintaining and increasing value. Although the real estate market has great potential, residents still have mortgages to buy houses and are unwilling to invest money, so they have invested heavily recently. Although industrial companies added value. But the masses have no chance. 85, 9 1, 97 postal market frenzy shocked China residents again and again. For more than 20 years, most of the people who were shocked were the working class. Now people are middle-aged and cautious in investing. As long as the state does not take special measures, postal workers and even residents are still very interested in investing in stamp collecting. After all, it is the "national business card" of domestic products, and the postal market will continue to be standardized in the future. Therefore, people's investment intention of seeking preservation and appreciation is still staring at stamps. Judging from the development of stamp collecting for more than 20 years, at present, China has developed a large number of working-class old people, middle-aged people, young people and women. If the appreciation of stamps can continue to maintain the level of bank interest rates, stamp collectors will continue to increase. Under the influence of the trend of the three major postal markets, the problems in the stamp market have been exposed, and what is needed now is the attention of relevant competent departments. The public is concerned about the future of China postal market, and China postal market is at a critical historical crossroads.

Four, China philatelic business problems.

Up to now, China has formally joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), which indicates that the open China has achieved unprecedented development, China's economy will be fully integrated into the international economy, the Chinese nation is facing new opportunities and challenges under the trend of global economic integration, and traditional culture and concepts are facing unprecedented challenges today. How to seize the historical opportunity and meet the challenge is a very realistic problem for all China people. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said that "development is the last word". Only development can seize historical opportunities and solve various contradictions. Only development can realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the 2 1 century.

How to standardize the postal market has become the latest topic in front of China philatelic interface. "Stamps are a national business card and an investment market for China people, which is worth studying" and deserves our attention. However, in order to standardize the postal market, it is necessary to act in strict accordance with the law, strictly enforce the law and severely punish offenders. The top management should standardize the postal market according to law, open up the market with correct policies and participate in the challenges of the international competitive market.

Our corporate culture has a tradition of serving the country and the people. Although China philatelic enterprises have also put forward the slogans of "cultivating postal services for the people, providing value-added services" and "cultivating the market", many problems existing in the current postal enterprises are contrary to this. Violations and short-term behaviors occur from time to time, philatelic resources are excessively open, and stamp products are issued too much. Investment in philatelic market lacks rules and order. Some postal merchants are immoral and make money by speculation. Philatelic companies and postal merchants lack the cultivation of philatelic market, and the key lies in the reform of the special management system of philatelic business of postal enterprises. Separation of government from enterprise is the key to standardize the postal philatelic market. It is always considered that it is illegal for some companies to put a large number of tickets on the market in order to only complete the task index. But China postal enterprises have never changed their business model; The first quarter got off to a good start. In the second quarter, half the tasks of Confucianism were over half, in the third quarter, it took 90 days, and in the fourth quarter, it was a sprint. The economic benefits obtained by using the administrative system need balanced development. Some post offices (philatelic companies have no right) may sell a large number of postage certificates at low prices regardless of the local mail processing costs, which has brought great damage to China's philatelic cause, and the management system and marketing strategy should be completely changed. Of course, the market is changing every quarter, developing income. If China brand company "Haier" must promote air conditioning in winter, it will be strange if it doesn't reduce the price. Why "Haier" has become a "selling method" and "unified price" of China brand worthy of study by China Post, and stamp collecting also needs to build a brand.

Five, China stamp collecting should enter the market management, put an end to illegal behavior.

1. Establish a postage management system. According to the current operation mode of postal service, all post offices sell the postage stamp income obtained by the parties according to the postage certificate, and the postage stamp income is uniformly paid from the county and township post offices, the postage stamp management company of the Provincial Postal Administration. The problem of low face value can be fundamentally eliminated.

2. On the basis of the existing philatelic companies, build a professional philatelic management system that is independent of people, finance and materials, develop the commodity market, and form a unified commodity unit price, that is, china national philatelic corporation-provincial philatelic companies-local philatelic branches-county and township philatelic branches or salesrooms.

3. State-owned philatelic companies operate newly issued philatelic products, indicating that philatelic products have entered the commodity field and must be purchased in full from the postal system as commodities.

As philatelic enterprises are the biggest buyers of Git stamps, it can be said that philatelic enterprises are monopolized by buyers to some extent. Have the right to put forward opinions on the issuance of special stamps according to their own business conditions. Therefore, the state-owned philatelic enterprises can obtain monopoly profits by mastering the circulation of special stamps, and form the postal service as the largest shareholder of philatelic enterprises.

5. Philatelic companies can also go public and enter the stock market. Philatelic business is a subsidiary value-added business of postal service, because the postal department is a postal incubator, and the hatched chickens (stamps) are sold to philatelic companies. ) philatelic companies that illegally issue new postal products by postal departments, etc. If it is unfavorable to the market, it can be returned and nearly destroyed. Restrict and supervise the short-term behavior of large philatelic companies and enterprises in China with long-term interests and reputation.

China's stamp collecting should take the road of specialization and develop abroad.

There are postal merchants in many countries in the world, dealing in stamps, philatelic products and philatelic equipment at home and abroad. Some of them deal in one category: early tickets, first day covers, sheetlets, etc. Stamp collectors can go to these stamp dealers with a clear purpose to meet their own needs. Some have abundant funds and do a lot of business. For example: Japan Post, American Universal First Day Cover Company. They have thousands of regular subscribers, and they spend a lot of money traveling around the world to buy treasures for their customers. They spend a lot of money on advertising, holding stamp exhibitions and so on every year. China must vigorously develop specialized companies to collect stamps. At present, some postal businesses specialize in postcards, sheetlets, stamps and postal envelopes. Target professional management makes it easy for customers to find the stamp products they need, and allows operators to master the way of purchasing, selling and storing professional stamp products. The existing postal enterprises in China should become incubators of stamp products to serve stamp collectors. China postal enterprises should learn from foreign propaganda and use part of their profits for the development of postal associations and cultivate the market.

China stamps should be internationalized all over the world, in order to better improve China's philatelic level and enter the international philatelic economic cycle. First, it is necessary to develop a large philatelic company in China; Second, vigorously develop China postal merchants. Only in this way can we know how to enter the world market, and we can launch our own philatelic products in many directions and introduce philatelic products from other countries. The main measures for the internationalization of stamps in China are to open the domestic stamp market, publicize the domestic and foreign stamp collecting markets, provide certain conditions for postal merchants, stamp collectors and investors, and develop the stamp import and export industry through multiple channels. However, China philatelic industry has completely stepped out of the trough of self-production and self-sufficiency and entered the vast ocean, expecting the real spring of China postal industry. I hope China philatelic industry will sail to global production as soon as possible!