The origin of orchid names

The orchids that Chinese people love and cultivate for a long time are mainly "China orchids", that is, cymbidium, cymbidium and cymbidium. Most of their flowers are not very bright, but fragrant, which is suitable for the tradition of oriental appreciation. Botanically, all these orchids belong to a genus of Orchidaceae, namely Orchidaceae. There are 50 species in this genus, 2/kloc-0 species and some varieties in China, which are found in the Yangtze River basin and its south area. In fact, it only accounts for a small part of Ranco. Orchidaceae is a very peculiar evolutionary family in the plant kingdom. There are 700 genera and 25,000 species in the world. Among angiosperms, only Compositae can compete with it and rank as the world champion. Most members of orchids don't grow on the ground, but are attached to cliffs and tall branches of giant trees, which are often called tropical orchids. Many tropical orchids have gorgeous flowers, but not necessarily. The so-called "China orchids are fragrant and colorless, while tropical orchids are colorless and tasteless" generally refers to common cultivated varieties, but in fact, tropical orchids are fragrant and colorless, and vice versa. China is a tropical, subtropical and temperate region with rich orchid resources. According to textual research, there are 158 genera and nearly 1000 species in China, many of which are unique treasures in China. Orchids in China, referred to as orchids for short, usually refer to some terrestrial species of Orchids. Pseudobulb is small with linear leaves and fleshy roots; The stems are erect, with many flowers 1 to 10. Flowers are small and fragrant, usually light green with purple spots. The morphology and flowering period of leaves and flowers of different species are very different. South and southwest of Qinling Mountains. It has a long cultivation history of at least 1000 years and is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. Since ancient times, people have regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility, elegance, patriotism and unyielding. Form a blue culture with strong national characteristics of China. Propagation by rameting, sowing or tissue culture. Humus soil potted plants require good ventilation and drainage; Like semi-cloudy and semi-humid environment, the overwintering temperature of Chinese cymbidium and Chinese cymbidium is about 65438 00℃, and the rest is about 5℃. The Origin and History of Orchids in China —— Orchids in China were called Whelan in ancient times. Just as Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105) described orchids in Youfangge: "Those who are full of flowers are orchids, and those who are full of flowers are not fragrant enough." We in China appreciate and cultivate orchids much earlier than in the West. As early as 2400 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the cultural master of China, once said, "Orchid is a valley, not for nobody, but for poverty." He also called orchids "the fragrance of kings", which has been passed down to this day, proving the status of orchids in China's history and culture. However, there are different views on the description of Lan in Confucius' time. Some people think that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei was in northern Henan (now hua county) and Lu was in Shandong. On the way from northern Henan to Shandong, Confucius could not see lush wild orchids. So when he said Eupatorium adenophorum, he actually meant Eupatorium adenophorum, a compositae herb. However, some people hold another view that Confucius said that orchids were born in valleys, which is a very apt description of the ecological environment of orchids at that time. Moreover, the climate at that time was warmer than today, and bamboo was still growing in Henan, so orchids must be distributed in mountainous areas with bamboo. Therefore, it is not unusual for Confucius to see orchids alone when he was crossing deep mountains and deep valleys. What he said is actually the orchid he said today. At first, the ancients mainly collected wild orchids. As for the artificial cultivation of orchids, it started from the court. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, orchids were cultivated from the palace to the private gardens of the literati class, which were used to decorate gardens and beautify the environment, as described in Cao Zhi's poem "Qiu Lan was given a long slope". It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the cultivation of orchids developed into the cultivation of general gardens and flower farmers. For example, Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote poems such as "Lan Xiang is far away and Lan Cao Xiang is far away". The Song Dynasty is the heyday in the history of orchid art in China. There are many books and descriptions about orchid art, such as Er Ya Yi written by Luo Yuan in the Song Dynasty, which states that "the leaves of orchids are like sand, which originated in the first spring. The flowers are very fragrant, probably from the forest. When the breeze passes by, their fragrance spreads to the outside, so they are called Lan Zhi. Orchids in Jiangnan only work in spring, and orchids in Jingchu and Fujian are fragrant in autumn and summer. Zhang Jin Lan Pu, written by Zhao Shigeng in the Southern Song Dynasty on 1233, can be said to be the earliest existing orchid monograph in China and the first one in the world. This book is divided into three volumes and five parts. The morphological characteristics of more than 30 varieties of Chinese cymbidium (mainly Chinese cymbidium) and Chinese cymbidium (Jimo cymbidium) are briefly described, and the taste of orchids is discussed. Following Zhang Jin's Orchid Spectrum, Wang Guixue wrote Wang Shi's Orchid Spectrum in 1247, which described more than 30 orchid varieties in detail. In addition, there is a book Lanpu Aofa in Song Dynasty, which mainly describes the cultivation methods, which are divided into seven parts: seed-dividing method, flower planting method, sedimentation irrigation method, watering method, flower planting method, ant lice removal method and miscellaneous method. As for Wu Zan's book Necessary for Planting Art, it also introduces the cultivation of orchids. 1256, Chen Jingyi wrote The Northern Ancestor of Fang Quan, which described orchids in detail. The whole book is collected in the Japanese Imperial Palace Library, and the photocopy was returned to China on 1979. The painting "Chunlan" with the theme of orchids in the Song Dynasty entered Chinese painting, such as Zhao's painting, which has been considered as the earliest existing famous orchid painting and is now treasured in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lanyi once again entered a period of prosperity. With more and more varieties of orchids and more rich cultivation experience, orchid cultivation has become something that the public appreciates. At this time, many books, picture books, poems and orchids have been printed on porcelain and some handicrafts, such as Orchids in Luolizhai by Zhang Yingmin in Ming Dynasty and Orchids in Eight Chapters of Respect for Life by Gao Lian. The book Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen, a pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty, also has a relatively complete discussion on the explanation, classification and use of orchids. There were also many monographs on orchids in the Qing Dynasty, such as Hui Lan Tong Xin Lu (1805) written by Xu Shi, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. He loves orchids, is good at drawing orchids and has rich experience in orchids. This book is divided into two volumes. The first volume tells the knowledge of orchid cultivation, and the second volume tells the identification and classification methods of orchid varieties. There are 57 species recorded in the book, and sketches drawn by him are attached. Others include Lan Yan Shu lue of Yuan Dynasty, Du Fu's Four Theories, Mao Xiang's Lan Yan, Yi Xiang Jian, Tu Yongning's Jing, Lan Xing Shu lue, Yue Liang's Yang Lan Shu, Wang Hao's Guang Fang Qun Shu and Wu. Yilan has developed into modern times, and a Brief History of Huilan published by 1923 was written by Wu Enyuan, a native of Hangzhou County, Zhejiang Province. Based on "Hui Lan Tong Xin Lu", he introduced the varieties and cultivation methods of orchids in three volumes. The book * * * describes 16 1 a famous product of Zhejiang Huilan, and is accompanied by many photos and illustrations, which are fascinating. In addition 1930 orchid planting method written by Xia Zhibin; 1950 Orchid edited by Yao and Zhu Youren in Hangzhou; Sichuan Huilan1963 compiled by Chengdu Bureau of Landscape Architecture; 1964 "Xiamen Lanpu" edited by Yan Chujiang, Fujian; Two books, Orchids of Wu 1980 and Orchids of China199/0/year, as well as books and magazines introducing orchids published in Hong Kong and Taiwan, can be said to be a great achievement of orchid research in modern China. Yilan originated in China and spread to Japan and South Korea. Nowadays, Japanese people are very interested in China orchids, and its historical origin also began in China. Today, Japanese orchid cultivation has developed into a self-contained system, and it has developed into a base called "Oriental Orchid". As for North Korea, orchids have also become an indispensable thing admired by the Korean people and an elegant flower of the Korean people today, which is displayed in rooms, apartments and lobbies. What's more commendable is that they give orchids as a high-level gift. Man is the soul of the universe. Lan is the English of all flowers. May nature enter the world in people's minds, and may * * * carry forward the traditional Chinese national quintessence Lanyi, make friends with Lanyi and make progress with * * *. Orchid Orchid-the first fragrant scientific name in the world: Orchid. British name: orchid alias: Orchidaceae name: Orchidaceae morphological characteristics: perennial herbs. The root is fleshy and hairy, with * * * bacteria. With pseudobulb, your reed head is covered with leaf sheaths, and many pseudobulb are often connected and exist in rows at the same time. Leaves are linear or sword-shaped, leathery, erect or drooping, flowers are solitary or in racemes, and many bracts are attached to pedicels. Flowers are bisexual and fragrant. Corolla consists of 3 sepals, 3 petals and pistil. 1 The middle sepal is called the main petal. The next two pieces are attached valves, and the extension of the attached valves is called home. The upper two petals are upright, fleshy and curled inward at the top, commonly known as hugs. The lower part 1 is a big lip, commonly known as Sun Lan. When mature, it is brown, and the seeds are fine and powdery. Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into plum petals, daffodil petals, lotus petals, butterfly petals, exotic flowers and herbs and vegetarian hearts according to their different shapes and textures. The sepals of plum blossom petals are short and round, with thick pulp, slightly bent inward, narrow base, fleshy and plump petals, short and hard lips and slightly upward flowers. The famous varieties are Song Mei, XiShen and America. Narcissus petals are sepals slightly longer than plum petals, with tapered tips, thick petals, pocket-shaped tips and slightly drooping lips or rolled back. Famous species include Wang Zi and Cui Yipin. Tea petals are wide sepals, thick, narrow at the base and wide and sharp at the top. Put the petals in your pocket and your lips are moist and slightly curly. Famous varieties include Dafugui and Cuigaihua. Butterfly petals are the inside of two downward sepals, which become thick and wavy with red patches. Sometimes, the number of whole sepals or petals suddenly increases (such as Lv Yun, the corolla is usually around 8), or the flower shape has special changes. Su Xin is the same color as perianth, stem and bud, pure green, yellow-green and so on. , no mottled green, yellow-green and so on. No mottled markings. Precious varieties are Zhang and Lao Wentuan Su. Blue prefers shade, avoids direct sunlight, prefers wetness and dryness, and prefers fertile sandy loam with rich humus, good drainage and slight acidity, which is suitable for air circulation. There are more than 35,000 species in 750 genera of Orchidaceae, and more than 70 species of Orchidaceae. The common cultivated varieties in China are: Chunlan: also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid and fragrant flower. One stem 1 -2 flowers, fragrant. The flowering period is February-March. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Traditional rare species include Song Mei and Longzi. This variety is arbor with thin leaves, dark green flowers and no fragrance or light fragrance. C. Faberi: Also known as Jiu Zilan and Xia Lan. One stem has many flowers, often 6-12, fragrant. Flowering from March to May. The distribution area is similar to Chunlan. Traditional famous varieties include Shanghai Mei, Xie Peimei and Jin. The variety C. faberivar.sechuanium, commonly known as Chrysanthemum morifolium, has two rows of leaves, and the flowering period is from July to September. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong. The varieties of flag leaves are precious golden horsetail, Chen Yu Dagong, Longyan, Dafeng tail, Guanyin and Changting.