Why do Li Bai and Du Fu, two great poets, have such a deep friendship?

They met at the home of Du Fu's father Du Xian. They not only exchanged poems, but also had a good time. Li Bai and Du Fu got to know each other when Li Bai was released to the mountain forest for offending the powerful. Du Fu described the situation in his poem: "Yu Yidong is a guest, and he is like a brother. Drunk in autumn, walk hand in hand with the Japanese. " They fell in love at first sight. Li Bai is already a great poet with famous poems, while Du Fu is still unknown. Li Bai and Du Fu, who are aloof and uninhibited, should hit it off. Later, the two parted ways, but they also sent some poems to each other. Du Fu's poems are full of reverence for Li Bai, and the evaluation of Li Bai's poetic style is just right. For example, Spring Memories of Li Bai: Bai Ye's poems are invincible and full of thoughts. Li Bai's poems are the fresh wind of Yu Xin's poems and the backbone of Jun Zai's works. Now, I am alone on the spring tree in Weibei, and you are on each side of the sun, sunset and sky in the southeast, and you can only miss. When to drink a bottle of wine, pay attention and explain in detail. Li Baida Du Fu 1 1 year old. They often exchange poems with each other. Their friendship is pure as water! There are about 65,438+00 poems in Du Fu's poems, such as: to Li Bai, remembering Li Bai in spring, Li Bai's dream, Li Bai at the end of the day and so on. However, Li Bai wrote a letter to Du Fu. He searched Li Baiji and found only three songs, namely "Playing for Du Fu", "Seeing Du Fu at Dune Gate" and "Seeing Du Er Fu at East Shimen in Lujun". We can also imagine the relationship between two great men.

The friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu is probably the most admirable in the cultural history of China except Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi, but their communication is so short. It's too late to get to know each other and say goodbye in a hurry. Li Bai's farewell poem is: "The eaves are far away, the cup is in hand", and we have never met again. Affectionate Du Fu missed Li Bai from now on, and wrote unforgettable poems no matter where he lived. Li Bai should also miss him very much, but he has a wide range of friends, and Du Fu's name has never appeared in his poems. There seems to be a huge imbalance here, but the best feeling in the world is not conditional on balance. Even though Li Bai no longer missed him, Du Fu made a unilateral promise. Li Bai wants nothing from him, and he wants nothing from Li Bai.

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In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Li Bai participated in the battle for the throne between Wang Yong and Su Zong, and was regarded as a hero by the central dynasty of the Tang Dynasty. At this time, Li Bai was lonely and lonely, but there was one person whose understanding and respect for Li Bai did not change with the public opinion in the DPRK. He wrote poems to defend Li Bai's injustice and his confession. He said, "After Chu Shi and Mi Fei, Yuan Xian became poor. If the rice beam is not enough, what is the product of coix seed! " It means that under Li Bai, Lushan Mountain will always be king, but it is forced by life and has no ambition to beg for a bowl of rice. "Su Wuyuan is still in the Han Dynasty, and Huang Gong is in the Qin Dynasty?" It is said that if Su Wu wants to go back to Han Dynasty and doesn't serve Qin Shihuang, it is not his will for Li Bai to follow. He even shouted angrily, "I don't care if people want to kill.". With everyone avoiding Li Bai, this man excused Li Bai for every word, which was really well-intentioned. And this poet who met Li Bai in adversity is Du Fu!

Du Fu's trust in Li Bai, in my opinion, is a deep-rooted expression of his reverence for Li Bai. In modern terms, it is "idol complex". If we want to trace this feeling, we should start when Du Li met.

In the third year of Tianbao (AD 744), Du Fu and Li Bai first met in Luoyang. At that time, Li Bai was 44 years old, but his money was refunded by Emperor Taizong because he couldn't get the permission of the powerful people [inconsistent with the comments at the back]. Du Fu, who is eleven years younger than him, has been traveling around the world since he failed to enter the Jinshi ten years ago. Just then, he swam to Luoyang, the eastern capital. This may be the so-called "fate" meeting.

Mr Wen Yiduo thinks that Du Li's encounter is the most exciting moment in the history of China literature, and perhaps only the encounter between Laozi and Confucius can be compared with it, and compares this encounter to "the collision between the sun and the moon". So Li Bai and Du Fu, who is the "Sun"? Who is the "moon"? From the creative style, Li Bai is the sun, passionate and unrestrained; Du Fu is the moon, restrained and deep. Judging from the influence at that time, Li Bai was still the "sun", and his poems were widely circulated and radiant. Although Li Bai has lost the throne of emperor poet at this time, he is still the poet laureate appointed by the king. "No one in the world knows you." Du Fu is still the same "moon", and the title of the poem has not yet appeared, but Guanghua has just appeared. As everyone knows, at this time, the light emitted by the "moon" is as dazzling as the sun. However, it can be inferred from their status at that time that Li Bai's fame and talent made Du Fu's admiration for him rush out like the Yangtze River. Du Fu was flattered to see this famous poet, so he cherished this friendship and laid the groundwork for him to write more than 20 poems related to Li Bai in the future.

Two poets, Li Bai and Du Fu, hit it off and enjoyed each other. They often raise their glasses and drink, travel hand in hand, talk about poetry and papers, and discuss current events. They are very speculative, both of them are alcoholics, and drinking is childish. Du Fu later wrote in the poem "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes": "It is naive to talk about the wild." He said that he and Li Bai talked and laughed, and Li Bai in the wine could best show his personality and charm. With the deepening of contacts with Li Bai, Du Fu had a deeper understanding of Li Bai. Li Bai's poetic talent, personality charm and attitude towards life all made Du Fu admire him, and the "idol" complex quickly developed.

One of Du Fu's "idol" complex to Li Bai: Li Bai has always been regarded as a poet for his carefree and flowing poetic talent when praising genius. He is a starry sky, free and easy, pursuing romance with his life, and shocking the world with surging enthusiasm. He was unconsciously attracted, infected and moved ... Li Bai's poems are like sailing on the river, with strange peaks and rocks, mountains and flowers and bamboo seas. The rain is falling and the mist is lingering; Suddenly the sky was full of colorful clouds, the air was clear and the sun was shining. Down the river, I can't hear the apes on both sides of the strait and I can't finish watching the screen. Li Bai's poems, such as highly alcoholic liquor, are commonly known as "burning knives". As soon as they drink into the throat, there will be a pungent smell of alcohol, which will heat up the lungs and open the chest and gallbladder. However, it is not advisable to pour lightly, but to drink more; It's necessary to measure a large cup instead of a small one. When you are drunk, you will feel like a lingyun ... ④ Li Bai's poetic style is bold and elegant, unpredictable, and the beauty of clear water and hibiscus has great appeal to contemporary poets.

During their time with Du Fu, they often drank and wrote papers. Li Bai's poetic attainments certainly had a certain influence on Du Fu's poetic creation. There is a view that Du Fu's poem "Climbing to Yanzhou Tower" floats to Lianhaidai, Ye Ping to Qingxu, and Li Bai's poem "Falling in Surabaya, Haiming" (V) "The blue line of the north mountain is the white song of the east water. 6. "The sentence patterns are similar, and the field of vision is wider than before. Therefore, later generations speculated that Li Bai helped Du Fu to change his poems during the time when Du Li got along. Although this view needs to be confirmed, I think two people who also like poetry creation will learn from each other when they talk about poetry papers together. Li Bai was also a leading poet at that time. His poems were self-contained and he had more experience in writing poems than Du Fu, so it was normal for him to instruct Du Fu to revise his poems.

In the communication with Li Bai, Du Fu not only learned experience, but also felt Li Bai's genius. He later wrote in "Spring Memories of Li Bai": Bai is invincible in poetry, and he floats in the clouds. Li Bai's poems are the fresh wind of Yu Xin's poems and the backbone of Jun Zai's works. Now, I am alone on the spring tree in Weibei, and you are on each side of the sun, sunset and sky in the southeast, and you can only miss. When can we have another drink and discuss our poems?

He praised Li Bai in his poems: compared with Yu Xin's poems, Bao Zhao's poems are elegant but not fresh, while Li Bai's poems have both, and the fresh and elegant style is really unparalleled. And pinned the hope that Du Fu expected to meet Li Bai again, continue to have a good time, and write poems and papers. There is also "Hundred Poems by Li Bai", which says that Li Bai can write hundreds of poems as long as he drinks a barrel of wine. Pet-name ruby "agile poems 1000" is about the agility of Li Bai's writing, and praises Li Bai's talent for writing poems. And in "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes", there are: the pen shakes the wind and rain, and the poem becomes a cry.

These two sentences are the most famous sentences describing Li Bai. Poetic interpretation is "the shock of wind and rain when writing, and the ghosts and gods cry for it after writing poetry." It describes the powerful power of Li Bai's poetic art in highly exaggerated language. Putting pen to paper can make waves, which shows that Li Bai's poems are extremely imposing; The success of poetry has caused ghosts and gods to cry, praising Li Bai's poems for touching and wonderful writing, and praising Li Bai's creative talent. Li Bai is indeed qualified to accept such praise. From these poems, we can see Du Fu's sincere praise, admiration and respect for Li Bai's talent. The second part is Du Fu's "idol" complex to Li Bai: admiring him, seeking immortality and his detached attitude towards life.

Li Bai is close to Taoism, so he has a wonderful picture of immortality and harmony between man and nature. The belief in immortal Taoism occupies an important position in Li Bai's thought, and more than 100 of his nearly 1,000 poems are related to immortal Taoism. Officially becoming a monk, "the name is in the alchemist's pavilion." He is very serious and full of illusions about the realm of immortals. When his official career was frustrated, he went further and went to Taoism. Taoism and Taoist beliefs endowed him with strong self-liberation ability. Many of his poems show the idea of dreaming, eating, drinking and enjoying. In fact, they are eager to follow and blend in with nature, and there is a deep yearning for life freedom in their hearts. In his personality, there is an affinity with nature. Wandering in mountains and rivers, longing for immortals, the ultimate goal is to achieve a free and carefree life realm. His arrogant and uninhibited personality and elegant and free-spirited temperament all come from this ideological foundation. He Zhangzhi once called him a "fallen immortal", and he also called himself a "fallen immortal" because he yearned for an unrestrained and free life. His cheerful, confident, strong and unrestrained feelings are also based on this kind of life yearning. The most prominent feature of Li Bai's personality is independence and uninhibited.

The influence of Taoism endowed Li Bai with extraordinary temperament. People often think that people who are extraordinary and have achieved outstanding results will have an unfathomable feeling and it is easy to admire such people. Du Fu is no exception. The first two sentences of his "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes": "There used to be fanatics named immortals." Among them, "fanatic" refers to He Zhangzhi. These two sentences record the fact that Li Bai was given the title: when Li Bai appeared in Chang 'an poetry circle as a national poet, what did the predecessors of poetry circle say about his personality and poetic style? After Du Fu and Li Bai met, he agreed to give Li Bai the title of "fallen immortal", because like He, he was surprised to become a fallen immortal after seeing Li Bai. It can be seen that Li Bai's sage like style left a deep impression on Du Fu.

Du Fu admired Li Bai's extraordinary temperament and natural charm. In "To Li Bai", it is written that "people are ashamed, leave things alone, and seek a clear talk". These two sentences can be compared with Li Bai's detachment in Du Fu's eyes, pointing out that Li Bai's mood is beyond the reach of ordinary people. So Du Fu followed Li Bai to seek immortality in famous mountains and rivers. The poem "Searching in Seclusion with Li" describes their meeting with Taoist Fan and expresses their sincere friendship. In the poem "To Li Bai", there is a saying that "You must travel to Liang and Song Dynasties before you can pick Yao grass." It is said that Du Fu himself had already planned to travel to Liang and Song Dynasties, and he was looking forward to traveling to Liang and Song Dynasties with Li Bai, collecting Yao grass and jade wisdom. Du Fu's "Gift to Li Bai" mentioned that Li Bai likes alchemy and taking medicine: "Qiu Lai protects it and is still floating, and is not ashamed of cinnabar." It can also be guessed that they once "picked Yao grass at the same time" and did many romantic things together. After Du Fu and Li Bai broke up, he felt the warmth and coldness of the world in Chang 'an, cherished Li Bai's pure friendship more, and missed the unrestrained days he spent with Li Bai more. He even regretted that he didn't live in seclusion in the mountains with Li Bai, but went to Chang' an to look at people coldly and rely on others ... Although Du Fu was closer to Confucianism than the nearest road in the end, during Li Bai's friendship, Du Fu's poems on seeking immortals and chivalry were obviously much more bold and unrestrained; As far as life attitude is concerned, Du Fu is also broad-minded, so the experience of seeking immortality with Li Bai is unforgettable.

The third of Du Fu's "idol" complex to Li Bai is his admiration of happiness, kindness and hatred, and his ridicule of the personality charm of princes.

Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals vividly describes Li Bai's image of Brewmaster and a poetic immortal: Li Bai fights with hundreds of poems and sleeps in Chang 'an Restaurant. The son of heaven told him to disembark, claiming to be Brewmaster.

It is said that Li Bai can write hundreds of poems as long as he drinks a barrel of wine. He often drinks in Chang 'an Avenue and sleeps in restaurants when he is drunk. One day, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Li Bai to write poems in Bailianchi. Li Bai was too drunk to get on the boat, calling himself "I am Brewmaster". [This passage has been misunderstood]

Imagine that if ordinary people drink a barrel of wine, even if they don't drink enough, they must be confused and unintelligible. And this Li Bai, who is not drunk and does not return, can also recite poems and compose poems; I can not only recite poems, but also write poems, and I can write hundreds of articles magnificently. Such talent, even if exaggerated in poetry, also shows Du Fu's admiration for Li Bai's talent. Then Li Bai did something "earth-shattering". Xuanzong sent a letter to Li Bai to write poems. He said he was Brewmaster, not going. No one else, even Du Fu, dares to do such a thing. Maybe he was flattered and came all the way to see the emperor. I have just finished writing these poems, and I want to use some of them as a reward. As soon as the son of heaven is happy, he may be promoted to the third level. It's a beautiful thing with both fame and fortune. But Li Bai is Li Bai. As the saying goes, "Speak the truth after drinking", but he is what he seems. When he woke up, he dared to ask Gao Lishi to take off his boots. He was drunk and didn't even buy the emperor's account. How can it not be awe-inspiring

It is said that people who drink good wine must be open-minded and aboveboard men. So, I'm not afraid of getting drunk and getting into trouble. I am in the world, but my mood has long been beyond the world. Through this poem, Du Fu marveled at Li Bai's bold genius, fearlessness and generosity to powerful people.

Li Bai is also the darling of the times. He has an independent personality of "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to a powerful person", a noble spirit of "playing with thousands of friends as dirt", and a personality style of "talking about the wild and cherishing wine, being innocent", which endows him with extraordinary self-confidence capital-"I am naturally useful". However, he thinks life is too idealistic. He wants to be an official, but he doesn't want to join the army in the imperial examination. But hope that the world will meet, and always fantasize about "making peace with vassals", "conquering the world" and "reaching Yu Daqing". After establishing the achievements of the world, I retired and retired from the rivers and lakes. The idealized life design divorced from the real environment, coupled with Li Bai's arrogant personality, will inevitably be hit by reality. Among them, the biggest setback is the incident of following Wang Yong's troops mentioned at the beginning of this article. Li Bai was convicted and exiled to Yelang. Du Fu wrote to Li Bai at the end of the day: A cold wind is blowing in the distant sky. What are you thinking, old friend? ? The geese never answered me, and the rivers, lakes and seas were flooded by rain. A poet should be careful to prosper, but the devil can trouble a vagrant. It should be * * * murder. Throw him the poem, where he drowned himself in the Milo River.

Among them, the phrase "A poet should beware of prosperity, but a demon can entangle a wanderer" [2] refers to those people with outstanding literary talent, whose fate is always full of twists and turns, and their words are extremely sad and indignant, which means that Li Bai's "Long Flowing Yelang" was framed. In the last two sentences, out of pity for Li Bai, Du Fu naturally thought of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet who was exiled and drowned in Miluo. He thinks that Li Bai's experience is somewhat similar to the life experience of this thousand-year-old ghost. Qu Yuan died with hatred, while Li Bai was exiled with hatred. Du Fu believed in his good friend from beginning to end, which shows his profound understanding and admiration for Li Bai's personality. Fortunately, when Du Fu wrote poems, Li Bai had been pardoned and went to Dongting in the south. Therefore, there is a poem "The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, but the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man". Du Fu's concern and nostalgia continues. ...

It is true that the friendship between these two great poets is beyond doubt. Du Fu's admiration for Li Bai's poems greatly expanded the influence of Li Bai's poems and pointed out a direction for future generations to appreciate Li Bai's poems. Although Du Fu was not as famous as Li Bai at that time, the evaluation of Du Fu's poems in later generations rose to the same height as Li Bai. Guo Moruo even said: "Li Bai and Du Fu are close friends as brothers. Their position in the history of China literature is like a Gemini in the sky, shining side by side forever. " Although their pursuit and exploration on the literary road are different, they can treat and appreciate each other sincerely.

Li Bai is a poet and Du Fu is a poet. When the fairy was born, Li Bai was flying romantically all his life. After joining WTO, Du Fu walked in real thorns and muddy water all his life. Li Bai wrote fantasy, Du Fu wrote reality; Li Bai writes about the past and the future, while Du Fu writes about current events. Li Bai wrote about the world of dreams, and Du Fu wrote about waking up. Li Bai wrote complexity as simplicity, while Du Fu wrote simplicity as complexity. Li Bai is close to Taoism and Du Fu is Confucian. Li Bai is a legend and Du Fu is a history of poetry. Li Bai is a favored son of heaven, and Du Fu is a national talent. Li Bai's poems are beautiful in spirit, while Du Fu's poems are beautiful in bone. Both of them supported an "unattainable" magnificent sky in the Tang Dynasty with their extraordinary poetic talents and broad minds. With noble personality and sincere friendship, they wrote the eternal story of "scholars are precious" in the history of literature.