Distinguish Nature with Constellations _ How to Distinguish Nature with Constellations

What are the ways to tell the direction in nature?

Looking for Polaris: Ursa major is arranged in the shape of a spoon with seven stars, and the two stars at the end of the spoon extend forward, which is the Polaris, that is, the north.

2. Observe plants: bamboo stems in the south are greener; Bamboo stems face north, yellow;

3. Face shadow observation method: find a small wooden pole to stand in the center of the watch and rotate the angle of the watch so that the small wooden pole coincides with the hour hand. At this time, the midpoint of the angle formed by the hour hand and several points is the north, and the other end is the south. In addition, you can mark along the road to facilitate the return of the original road. You can carry a red cloth strip with you, tie it to a tree, and mark it with stones.

Observe the sky: The most common way to observe the sky is to observe Polaris. At night, in the dark night sky, you will always find the Beidou constellation shaped like a spoon. There is a bright star at the end of the spoon seven times away, that is, the North Star. Just below it is the north, and clockwise is the east, south and west.

Sun and Moon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Observing the sunrise and sunset can generally show a general direction. You can also use the following methods to measure: erect a straight stick (1 meter high or above) on the flat ground, first make a mark on the top of the shadow of the straight stick (such as putting a stone), and the shadow of the straight stick will move with the movement of the sun. After 65,438+00-60 minutes, make another mark above the shadow of the stick, and draw a straight line between the two marks, which is vertical in the middle. ?

Nowadays, outdoor travel is favored by many tourists and has become an irresistible fashion. However, if you are not careful when traveling in the wild, you will easily get lost. In this case, don't panic and worry. As long as you observe the surrounding scenery calmly, you will find that there are many signs in nature to identify the direction.

You can find a stump in the forest and tell the direction according to its annual rings, because its annual rings are always wide in the south and narrow in the weak side; You can observe an independent tree with lush foliage on the south and sparse foliage on the north.

You can tell the direction according to the ant's cave. Because most of the female ants' holes face south; Where there are many rocks, you can also find an eye-catching rock to observe. The mossy side of the rock is the north side, and the dry and bare side is the south side.

On a starry night, we can tell the direction according to the stars: first find the Big Dipper in the sky, along its "spoon handle", find the sixth and seventh stars, and connect the two stars into a straight line according to the mathematical principle of determining a straight line at two points, and find a brighter Polaris on the extension of this straight line. From the "spoon handle" to the brighter Polaris, it just points out the direction from south to north.

If it is in winter, the part of the snow that is difficult to melt always faces north because of the sunlight.

In addition to the above methods, you can also use a watch to tell the direction: divide your time by 2, and then aim the quotient at the sun. The direction indicated by 12 on the dial is north. For example, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the quotient divided by 2 is 4, and the 4 on the dial faces the sun, and 12 refers to the north. If it is afternoon, it should be calculated according to the prescribed 24-hour timing method.

Using the sunny sun, we can easily know the east and west according to the sunrise and sunset, so as to judge the direction, but it can only be a rough estimate. There are several more accurate measurement methods: 1, and watch direction finding is "the hours are half of the sun, and 12 refers to the north". Generally, we can quickly identify the direction between 9 am and 4 pm, and it takes half the time. 12 is the north, such as 14:40 in the afternoon, half of it is 7:20, and the time points to the sun, so 12 refers to the north, or put the watch flat, the hour hand points to the sun, and the extension direction of the hour hand and the bisector of 12 are the north; Or put a watch, put a stick in the center of the watch to turn the watch, so that the shadow of the stick coincides with the hour hand, and the bisector between the hour hand and 12 is north.

It must be pointed out that:

(1) When judging the direction, the watch should be flat;

(2) In the area between 20 30' south latitude, it is not suitable for use around noon, that is, every 15 plus 1 hour in the east and every 15 plus 1 hour in the west. The direction of the sun shadow is sunny, and a wooden stick is erected on the ground. The shadow of the stick moves with the position of the sun. These shadows are the shortest at noon, the connecting line at the end is a straight line, and the vertical line of the straight line is the north-south direction. Draw a series of concentric circles on a piece of 50×50cm drawing paper, with the radius of concentric circles increasing by 1cm, nail them horizontally on a flat plate, and vertically insert a thin steel needle or needle with a length of 12- 15cm on the center of the circle. When the position of the sun changes, the endpoint of the shadow always intersects with the concentric circles. Draw these points, then connect two straight lines on the same circle, and connect the midpoint of these straight lines with the center of the circle. This connecting line is the north-south direction line, and the direction of the arc top is the north. At night, you can judge the direction according to Polaris and Southern Cross.

1, Polaris: Polaris is located in the northern sky, and its exposed altitude angle is equivalent to the local latitude, so it can be found quickly. Usually according to the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) or the W Star (Fairy Queen). The Big Dipper is seven bright stars, shaped like a spoon. The place where the two β -α directions of the spoon extend about 5 times is Polaris. When you can't see the Big Dipper, you can look for the North Star according to the constellation W after Fairy. Cassiopeia consists of five bright stars, shaped like a "W" letter, and the distance between the opening direction and the opening width of the letter is about twice that of Polaris.

2. Southern Cross: In the area south of 23 30' north latitude, the Southern Cross is sometimes seen at night. It consists of four bright stars in the shape of a "cross", and at the lower right, four and a half times (no stars) of the connecting line between the two stars from γ to α is due south. Ground features and plant features Sometimes some ground features and plant growth features in the wild are good direction signs. Increasing this knowledge can help you quickly identify the direction.

1, features: a. House: generally the gate faces south, especially the north of China; B. temples: usually open to the south, especially the main buildings in the temple group; Remarkable features: Bryophytes, whose base is wet to the north, may grow low.

2. Plant growth characteristics: a. Generally, on shady slopes, that is, on the hillside in the north, low ferns and lianas are more developed than those on the sunny side. B. The branches and leaves of a single plant are lush on the sunny side, and moss may grow on the shady trunk in the north. C clear annual rings can be seen on the trunk sections of many trees in northern China, with sparse annual rings on the south side and dense annual rings on the north side. ?

In nature, some animals have the instinct to tell directions, such as pigeons. Relevant experts have proved through experiments that some members of human beings also have this ability, but most people do not have it, or only have it potentially. Therefore, people in the wild mainly rely on experience and tools to determine the direction. Using the features of ground features, the following ground features can help us identify the direction: Houses: Houses generally face south, especially in the north of China. Temples: Temples generally have doors facing south, especially the main halls in the temples. Trees: The south-facing side of trees is usually lush, brightly colored and smooth, while the north-facing side is the opposite. At the same time, there may be moss on the trunk facing north. Outstanding features: such as walls, ridges, stones, etc. The base on the north side is wet and bryophytes may grow. Concave features: such as rivers, ponds and pits. , and its northern edge (bank and edge) is the same as the edge that highlights the feature. Judging from the sun and the timetable between 9: 00 am and 4: 00 pm, we can quickly identify the general direction: "Hours are half of the sun, and'12' refers to the north". If it is at 9 am, you should face the sun at 4: 30; If it is at 2: 40 pm (that is, 14: 40), it should be at 7: 20, facing the sun, and the direction of the word "12" is the north. In order to improve the accuracy of judgment, a thin needle or straw can be erected at the position of "half an hour", and its shadow passes through the center of the dial. It should be noted that: 1 "Hour" is 24 hours a day, such as 1 pm, which is 13 hours; 2. When judging the direction, the timetable should be flat (face up); 3. In the area between 20 30' south latitude and 20 30' north latitude, this method should not be used around noon; 4. Pay attention to the problem of time difference. That is, "based on the standard meridian of time, add 15 to the east and subtract 1 hour to the west". This method converts standard time into local time. When the magnetic needle of the compass is at rest, the N-end (usually marked) refers to the north. It is very simple and quick to tell the direction with a compass, but pay attention to: 1. Try to keep the compass level; 2. Don't be too close to iron and magnetic substances; 3. Don't mistake the S end of the magnetic needle for the north, which will lead to the misjudgment of the direction of 180. Use stars at night? 1. Polaris is located in the sky due north. When observed, its height from the ground is approximately equivalent to the local latitude. When looking for it, it is usually determined according to the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) or the W star (Hou Xian). The Big Dipper is seven bright stars, shaped like a spoon. The two stars in the spoon head extend to the spoon mouth in a straight line, which is about five times the distance between the two stars. There is a slightly darker star, the Polaris. See the picture on the left. When the earth rotates and the Big Dipper can't be seen, you can use the W star to find it. W star is composed of five bright stars, shaped like a "W" letter, which extends to the W-shaped notch direction by about twice the width of the notch. This is Polaris.

2. Use the Southern Cross in the area south of 23 3' north latitude. You can sometimes see the Southern Cross at night, and it can also be used to tell the direction. The Southern Cross consists of four brighter stars, which are shaped like a "ten". At the lower right of the Southern Cross, it extends down about four and a half times along the connecting line between the two stars (no stars are visible), that is, due south. See the right picture.

Usually, after traveling to a destination, people sometimes get lost because of changing the environment and can't tell the difference between east, west, north and south. What shall we do? Well, here are five simple ways to tell you the direction:

1. See the ant nest to tell the direction? Ants have the habit of nesting in the south of the trunk. Take a look at which side of the trunk the ant nest is built and you will know the direction. Find the ant nest and you will know that this is the south.

2. Look at the leaves to tell the direction? If exposed to the sun for a long time, the leaves will grow very thick. So, when you get lost in the journey, you can have a look at the leaves. The leaves in the east are often dense, and here is the east. If you know the East, you will know the other directions. ?

3. Look at the wild beehive to tell the direction? Wild beehives on trees like to be built in the south of the tree, so the side with beehives is the south. ?

4. Look at the annual rings of the trunk to tell the direction? In order to avoid getting lost in the journey, we can correctly distinguish the east, the west, the north and the south by looking at the tree rings, and the loose side of the tree rings is the east.

5. Look at the watch to tell the direction? Divide your time by 2 and aim the quotient at the sun. The direction indicated by "12" on the dial is north. For example, at 8 o'clock in the morning, divided by 2, the quotient is 4. Aim the 4 on the dial at the sun, and the direction of 12 is the north. If it is afternoon, it should be calculated according to the 24-hour counting method. For example, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, it should be calculated according to 14 hour. If you divide by 2, the quotient is 7, and the 7 on the dial faces the sun, and the direction of 12 is the north.