How to calculate the premium and discount?

Question 1: How to calculate the premium and discount in direct quotation? Small before, big after, small after, and then decrease. For example: USD 1 = RMB 6.6800/30, three-month remittance 25/35, and three-month forward exchange rate USD Dan 1 = RMB 6.6825/65.

Question 2: What do you mean by premium and discount? Premium means that the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot exchange rate. In direct quotation, the premium represents the depreciation of the local currency. On the contrary, under indirect pricing method, premium represents the appreciation of local currency.

Discount means that the forward exchange rate is lower than the spot exchange rate. In direct quotation, discount means appreciation of local currency. On the contrary, under the indirect pricing method, the discount indicates the depreciation of the local currency.

Question 3: How to calculate the annual growth rate of premium financially? Annual premium rate = premium value * 12* 100%/ (base exchange rate * months from base period to calculation period)

Question 4: How to calculate the discount and premium in foreign exchange? According to the interest rates and spot exchange rates of the two currencies, the forward exchange rate after one month can be calculated. But this is not equal to the exchange rate reached a month later.

Question 5: Ask futures experts to talk about how the spot price and premium of copper are calculated. Premium means price difference impact. Shanghai Copper has many forward contracts, although the premium generally refers to the premium of three-month copper. You don't know the closing price of this futures contract in which month.

In addition, there is a premium in spot trade, which refers to the difference between the spot price of a particular place and the futures contract price of the same commodity that is close to delivery at that time. Mainly to balance transportation, loading and other costs. If the place is close to the delivery place, the premium is very low.

Question 6: How to calculate the premium and discount under direct quotation and indirect pricing? Give a simple example: direct quotation: 1 RMB = 0. 125 USD.

Forward exchange rate premium becomes 1 RMB = 0.225 USD, that is, RMB appreciates by 0. 1 USD.

Indirect bid price: 1 USD = 8 yuan RMB.

The forward exchange rate is discounted to 1 USD = 7 RMB, that is, the depreciation of USD 1 RMB.

At present, only Britain and the United States adopt indirect pricing method, and other countries adopt direct quotation method.

Question 7: Gemini and who can watch the sun constellation together are not allowed. *** 10 planetary constellation, the sun is outside, the moon is inside, and Venus is in love. If it's a boy, Mercury should also take a look. Planets gather together, and the phases of the planets influence each other, so some sun constellations seem to be incompatible and can be very happy, and probably others are in harmony. Need to combine two people's astrolabes. Of course, the sun constellation is very important and can be used as a reference.

Question 8: How to calculate the premium or discount of forward exchange rate under direct quotation and indirect pricing? Give a simple example:

Direct quotation: 1 RMB = 0. 125 USD.

Forward exchange rate premium becomes 1 RMB = 0.225 USD, that is, RMB appreciates by 0. 1 USD.

Indirect bid price: 1 USD = 8 yuan RMB.

The forward exchange rate is discounted to 1 USD = 7 RMB, that is, the depreciation of USD 1 RMB.

At present, only Britain and the United States adopt indirect pricing method, and other countries adopt direct quotation method.

Question 9: Definition of premium and discount of foreign exchange rate; Symmetry of premium and discount. The difference between the amount of local currency liabilities calculated at the forward exchange rate and the amount of foreign currency assets calculated at the spot exchange rate in a forward contract. It is a cost for enterprises to avoid the risk of exchange rate changes. In order to avoid the risk of operating foreign exchange, foreign exchange brokerage banks generally set forward exchange rates different from spot exchange rates. The foreign currency part of the enterprise forward contract is based on the spot exchange rate. The part expressed in foreign currency in an enterprise forward contract is converted at the conventional exchange rate, and the part expressed in local currency is priced at the forward exchange rate. In a forward contract for purchasing foreign exchange, the forward exchange rate is usually higher than the spot exchange rate. The cost of avoiding the risk of exchange rate changes is reflected in the premium. In accounting treatment, the premium can be set up separately. The premium of the forward contract can be amortized within the term of the forward contract and included in the nominal profit and loss, or it can be deferred and adjusted for foreign currency business.

Discount means that the forward exchange rate is lower than the spot exchange rate, which corresponds to "premium". Under normal circumstances, the discount of bank quotation is only two or three digits. If it is a two-digit number, it is the third and fourth digits after the decimal point. If you quote three digits, it is the second, third and fourth digits after the decimal point. The size of the premium number and the arrangement order of the two numbers are also different according to the premium or the premium. Under the direct quotation, the large number comes first and the decimal number comes last, which is the discount. Under the indirect pricing method, the decimal number comes first and the large number comes last, which is the discount.

In the futures market, if the spot price is lower than the futures price, the basis is negative, and the forward futures price is higher than the recent futures price. This situation is called "futures premium", also known as "spot premium", and the part where the forward futures price exceeds the recent futures price is called "futures premium rate"; If the forward futures price is lower than the recent futures price and the spot price is higher than the futures price, the basis is positive, which is called "futures discount" or "spot premium". The part where the forward futures price is lower than the recent futures price is called "futures discount rate". Another explanation: discount is an industry term. For CIF trade, discount usually means freight+management fee+profit. For FOB trade, the freight and management fees incurred during transportation are not included. General traders will give their customers a discount on when and where to deliver goods. CP+ discount is the actual cost price. Because CP is only a listed reference price, and the spot price is often higher than CP according to the abundance and shortage of goods, in order to reflect the constant CP in CP+ discount, the discount price often fluctuates, and sometimes there will be zero discount or negative discount when the goods are sufficient. The fluctuation of quality will have a certain impact on the discount, but it mainly depends on the freight and CP price mentioned above.