Pupils must know common sense of literature. Prepare for the quality test of junior high school.

Common sense of extracurricular literature in primary school Chinese

1. Li Bai, whose words are too white, is known as "Poet Fairy" and "Poet through the ages". Praise Li Bai for "Tang poetry and wine are unparalleled, violet is the first in Wen Yuan" and "Li Bai has hundreds of poems". Du Fu, with beautiful words, is known as "Poet Saint" (History of Poetry), also known as "Du Gongbu" (Du Fu Ji).

Han Yu's poem "Du Li's article exists, and the flames are endless", and "Du Li" refers to the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu. Du Li is a Gemini in the history of China's poetry.

Du Fu's poem "The pen falls in shock and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry." And "white poetry is invincible, and the imagination is not group. Fresh and open, Junyibao joined the army. " It is a highly respected poetic art of Li Bai. Du Fu dreamed of Li Bai, a thousand years' fame and ten thousand years' fame. What's so good about it? It will be gone when you die.

Du Fu's poem "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." (Book fragrance) and "The Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Fortress is built on his fame." ("Eight Arrays") was written by Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu.

2. Song Ci is generally divided into "bold school" and "graceful school". The representative poets of the "bold school" are Su Shi and Xin Qiji. The representative poets of "graceful and restrained school" are Li Qingzhao and Liu Yong.

At that time, it was said that Liu Lang (Liu Yong) only married 178 girls, held up a red tooth plate and sang "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue". The bachelor (Su Dongpo) had to sing "The River of No Return" with bronze pipa and iron plate.

3. Scholar Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth" said that "every generation has its own literature. The Sao of Chu, the Fu of Han, the parallel prose of six generations, the poems of Tang, the poems of Song and the songs of Yuan are all' literature of one generation', which cannot be imitated by future generations. "

Wang Guowei believes that the highest achievements of literature in a specific period are: Chu Ci, Han Fu, Parallel Prose in the Six Dynasties, Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu. (Supplement: Ming and Qing novels. Among them, Tang poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu are also world-renowned.

Representative works of Han Fu: Ban Gu's Fu on Two Capitals and Cao Zhi's Fu on Luoshen.

Parallel prose, also known as prose, flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Masterpieces: Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting.

4. Qing? Pu Songling said to himself, "Where there is a will, there is a way, and cross the rubicon. 102 Qin Guan will eventually be Chu; Hard-working people, everything comes to him who waits, go forward bravely, and 3 thousand Yue family can swallow Wu. "There are two allusions: Xiang Yu burned his bridges and Gou Jian did his best. Pu Songling's masterpiece Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

5. Poets Li Bai, Saint Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, He, Meng Jiao and Jia Dao, and Liu Yuxi.

Tang poetry has different styles. Li Bai is a representative of romantic poets. Du Fu is a representative of realistic poets. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the representatives of landscape pastoral poets. Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can are representatives of frontier poets, while Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen are representatives of the New Yuefu Movement (that is, the pursuit of easy-to-understand language).

6. The most holy Confucius (saint), the most holy Mencius, and the book saint Wang Xizhi? promote

Painting saint Wu Daozi? Du Fu, a poet saint in Tang Dynasty, and a poet saint Su Shi.

Wensheng Ouyang Xiu Cha Sheng Lu Yu? Tang Yisheng Li Shizhen

Dr. Zhang Zhongjing? Zhang Xu, a saint of the Eastern Han Dynasty? Sun Simiao, King of Tang Medicine? Tang pastoral poet Tao Yuanming? promote

Qu Yuan, the Father of Poetry? Sima Qian, the father of Warring States history? Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD)

7. Examples of golden characters in famous ancient poems:

The word "green" in Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan

The Word "Noisy" in Song Qi's Red Apricot Branches in Spring

Jia Dao "Birds inhabit the trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door." The word "knock" in Chinese is to examine the source of allusions.

8. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. Editor of Confucius. * * * received 305 poems, which were called "three hundred poems" in ancient times. It consists of three parts: wind, elegance and praise. It is the beginning of China's realistic literature.

China's first romantic poetry collection "Songs of the South" is also the second poetry collection in ancient China. It was collected by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. There are mainly the works of the great patriotic poet and the first romantic poet in China-Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others. Qu Yuan was a native of Chu during the Warring States Period. His representative works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters. Zongzi is eaten on Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are also called coquettish. Coquettish is the source of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry.

129

Hanshu, the first dynastic history of China.

The Analects of Confucius is the first book with recorded style in China. One of the Confucian classics. Edited by Confucius disciples, it recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.

Sima Qian's Historical Records: A General History of China's First Biography. It is praised by historians as a masterpiece of "true record and belief in history".

Mr. Lu Xun praised Historical Records as "the swan song of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme" and highly summarized the great achievements of Historical Records in the fields of history and literature.

Sun Wu's The Art of War is China's first military work.

Shuowen Jiezi is the first dictionary in China.

The Tibetan narrative poem Biography of King Gesar is the longest epic in China.

Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman is China's first vernacular novel. Lu Xun's representative works include The True Story of Ah Q, Novels, Scream, Hesitation, Prose Collection and Flowers in the Morning.

Guo Moruo's Goddess: China's First New Poetry Collection.

10. France-Versailles Britain-Buckingham Palace

Russia-Kremlin-China-Forbidden City

1 1. Four folklores: Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnu Crying for the Great Wall, Butterfly Lovers and Legend of the White Snake.

12. Zhu, a famous philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, called the Four Books and the Five Classics as ancient Confucian classics, which became a must-read for China scholars.

"Four Books" refer to: The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.

The "Five Classics" refer to: Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period.

13. "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" was edited by Sun Zhu, the real name of Tuishi, and his wife Xu, and * * * selected 3 poems10. There is a folk saying that "you can read 300 Tang poems by heart, and you can sing even if you can't write".

14. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended. The representative figures are Confucius and Mencius of Confucianism, Laozi and Zhuangzi of Taoism and Han Feizi of Legalism.

15. The name of our national anthem is march of the volunteers, written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er.

16. Confucius said: "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at thirty, be not confused at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen at sixty, and do what I want at seventy, without overstepping the bounds." However, Li (30) is not confused (40) knows the destiny (50), flowers (60) are ancient and rare (70) are very old (80-90) and alive (100).

17. "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" refers to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty.

The statement of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" originated from a book "Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" edited by Mao Kun in Ming Dynasty.

18. Su Shi said: "Poetry is about, the text is about Korean retreat, the text is about Yan, and the painting is about Wu Daozhi." ("Zi Mei's poems, closed-door articles and Lu Gong's books are all great achievements." )

Su Shi spoke highly of Du Fu's poems, Han Yu's prose, Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and Wu Daozi's paintings.

Su Shi, whose name is Zhan, is Dongpo Jushi. He is a rare all-rounder, and his poems, words, essays, books and paintings are all superb. Create a school of bold and unconstrained ci.

19. Olympic slogan "Faster, higher and stronger". To host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008, the slogan is "One World, One Dream" and the mascot is "Fuwa".

20. The "Three Caos" in the Three Kingdoms Period refer to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Representative writers who embody the characteristics of "Jian 'an Style".

"Three Sus" in Northern Song Dynasty refers to Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe.

The third category: Han Dynasty historians and politicians Ban Gu, Ban Chao and Ban Zhao. Among them, Ban Zhao is the first female historian in China.

The "two kings" in the history of calligraphy refer to Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi.

2 1. Lu Xun: "Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, traditional thinking and writing have been broken." The main characters in A Dream of Red Mansions are Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai.

A Dream of Red Mansions written by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty, also known as The Story of the Stone, has been circulated in the world only eighty times, and the last forty times were written by Gao E.

A Dream of Red Mansions is China's greatest literary work, and it is known as "the encyclopedia of feudal society in China". As the saying goes, "It's useless to talk about A Dream of Red Mansions and read poetry books vertically". Now it's a dream of red mansions.

Cao Xueqin has many poems in A Dream of Red Mansions. Chapter 48 makes a wonderful comment on Wang Wei's poem "The desert is lonely and the smoke is straight, and the long river sets the yen". I think the words "straight" and "round" in the poem are exquisite, which makes the desert scenery extremely vivid. In the fiftieth episode, a layman like Xifeng Wang can say such a poetic sentence as "the north wind is tight overnight".

22. The hero of ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered is Paul? Kochakin. Other roles include Tang Ya, Zhu and Rita.

23. The autobiographical trilogy of Gorky, a Soviet writer, is Childhood, On Earth and My University.

Ba Jin's torrent trilogy Home, Spring and Autumn. "Love trilogy" Fog ","Rain "and" Electricity ".

24. China's four classical masterpieces:

"Water Margin" Yuan? , flower monk Lu and leopard head Lin Chong.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Luo Guanzhong Journey to the West? Wu Cheng'en Dream of Red Mansions made it clear? Cao Xueqin

25. How much do you know about famous books? Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, many celebrities have tirelessly written masterpieces that have been told for generations. The success of our cause lies in perseverance and perseverance. Let's learn from their spirit of "spring silkworms must weave until they die" and study hard!

Sima Qian's Historical Records 15 Ban Gu's Hanshu for 25 years Wang Chong's Lun Heng 3 1 year Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi for 22 years.

Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian 19 Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan 9 years and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica 27 years.

Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio for 20 years, and Xu Hongzu's Travels of Xu Xiake for 34 years.

Song's works of 20 years, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin, Peach Blossom Fan by Kong in 10, 15.

Darwin's Origin of Species is 20 years old, and Goethe's Faust is 60 years old.

30. French writer Roman? Roland wrote three celebrities in Who's Who:

German composer Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians in the world. Representative works include Symphony of Destiny, Symphony of Heroes and Moonlight. Deafness in both ears is a cruel blow to the composer, but he will not bow to bad luck. "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never make me yield."

Michelangelo, an Italian Florence artist, is one of the greatest sculptors in the world. Yuda? Finch and Raphael are listed as three outstanding artists in the Italian Renaissance. His works include the famous sculpture David.

Lev? Tolstoy, the master of Russian literature. His works include War and Peace and Anna? Karenina and resurrection, etc. His works were praised by Lenin as "the mirror of Russian revolution".

3 1. Master of Foreign Literature:

. ? Run out? News? Play? Patella crossed? Punishment? Frame pocket? Second reading team? What happened? Zheng Zheng? lt； BR> Cervantes, a great Spanish writer, is a world-famous Don Quixote.

Shakespeare, a great English playwright, has such works as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and King Lear. Marx called him "the greatest dramatic genius".

Goethe, Germany's greatest poet, was a literary giant. Works Faust and Young Werther.

Russian poet Pushkin, whose works include The Story of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish, Ode to Freedom, Eugene? Onegin, etc.

Hugo, a great French writer, wrote Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables.

Balzac, a great French writer, has the general name of Human Comedy, among which Eugénie? Grandet, old man Gao.

Tagore, an Indian poet, whose works include birds and gardeners.

Hemingway, an American writer, wrote The Old Man and the Sea.

26. World famous fairy tale writers

Danish writer Andersen wrote The Daughter of the Sea and The Ugly Duckling.

Brothers Grimm, German writers, wrote Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood and Snow White.

27. Rhyme is divided into first couplet (one or two sentences), parallel couplet (three or four sentences), neck couplet (five or six sentences) and tail couplet (seven or eight sentences). The first sentence of each couplet is called "antithesis" and the next sentence is called "antithesis".

28. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

29. Four ancient beauties: Shi (sinking fish), Sha, Wang Zhaojun (falling geese), Zhao Jun's departure from the fortress, (closing the moon), the story of the drunken imperial concubine, the story of losing her heart (feeling ashamed of flowers) and the story of losing her heart.

30. The ancient name "three religions and nine streams" refers to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

Nine streams refer to Confucianism, Taoism, France, famous artists, Mohists, yin and yang scholars, military strategists, miscellaneous scholars and farmers. Ten refers to novelists on the basis of the above nine streams.

3 1. Lu You, a patriotic poet, left the most poems in the history of our country, with more than 9,000 poems circulating.

32. Sentences are divided into declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, imperative sentences and interrogative sentences according to mood and usage.

33. Chinese historical dynasties: san huang, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties after Southern Song Dynasty.

34. 1 9831June1Sunday, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Beijing Jingshan School: Education should face the world, the future and modernization.

35. Space Hero: Yang Liwei (Shenzhou 5). Nie Haisheng and Fei Longjun (Shenzhou VI).

36. City nickname:

Fuzhou (Rongcheng) Quancheng (Jinan) Cheng Chun (Kunming) Chengdu (Rongcheng, Jincheng) Guangzhou (Yangcheng, Huacheng) Sunshine City (Lhasa) Shuicheng (Suzhou) Ice City (Harbin)

37. Four Treasures of the Study: Hu Bi, Hui Mo, Xuan Paper and Duan Yan.

Four gentlemen in Chinese painting: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

Three friends in cold times: pine, bamboo and plum

Three Gorges of the Yangtze River: Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.

The Great Wall has three famous passes: Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan.

Three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang. It is also known as the four famous buildings in China with the mirage in Shanxi.

Four literary genres: poetry, novel, prose and drama.

Five elements: golden wood fire.

Four ancient arts: piano, chess, calligraphy and painting.

Four ancient inventions: compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder.

Four ancient civilizations in the world: ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, China and India.

Peking Opera is the quintessence of China, and its "four famous poets" are Mei (), Cheng (), Xun () and Xiao Yun.

Mother's Day: the second Sunday in May every year.

Father's Day: the third Sunday in June every year.

World Environment Day: June 5th.