What is the historical background of Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting in Tang Dynasty? What is his life like?

Wang Teng Pavilion is named after Wang Teng Li Yuanying. Li Yuanying is the youngest son of Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu and the younger brother of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. He is extravagant, immoral, and his political achievements are mediocre. But he is good at singing and dancing, good at painting butterflies and very artistic. He built the Wang Teng Pavilion for the fun of singing and dancing. This famous building in the south of the Yangtze River was built in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it soon became famous for Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. Han Yu said in "Newly Made Wang Tengting": "The less time, the more beautiful Jiangnan is, and Wang Tengting bears the brunt, which is magnificent and unique."

Preface to Wang Tengting is the full name of Preface to Wang Tengting's Autumn, also known as Preface to Wang Tengting's Poems and Preface to Banquet Wang Tengting. When I first wrote it, there were two opinions. Wang of the Five Dynasties in the late Tang Dynasty wrote: "At the age of fourteen, Wang Bo's father was probably appointed as the order of Liuhe County (now Jiangsu Province) and went to Liuhe with Wang Bo through Hongzhou. In this preface, there is a saying that "teenagers know everything and say everything", which can also be proved. According to the new biography of Tang Caizi in Yuan Dynasty, Teng Xu was written when he went to Jiaotoe (northwest of Hanoi, Vietnam) to visit his father (then his father was Jiaotoe county magistrate), and passed by Nanchang in the second year of last year (675). Judging from the broad content and rich rhetoric of this preface, it is more like an adult work. "Boy" doesn't necessarily mean a child, but it can also be a modest word to express a person's youth and ignorance. What's more, if there is a saying in the preface that "there is no way to volunteer, and the final army will be weak", "weak crown" refers to twenty years old. Therefore, regarding the writing time, the annotation of the text adopts the latter statement.

Teng's poem in "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Literature and Art" goes like this: "On September 9, the governor gave a big banquet to Teng, and his husband ordered him to make a preface to praise the guests. Because of his pen and paper, he was afraid to be a guest, and he was too courageous to leave. The viceroy was furious, got up and changed clothes, and sent officials to wait on him. Repeated reports, strange language, but suddenly said:' genius!' Please write it down and enjoy it very much. "Visible at that time, Wang Bo was young, talented, splashed with ink, and was shocked. Bo Wang

Wang Bo, Zi 'an, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin County, Shanxi Province) and was one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang Bo was the grandson of Wang Tong, a great scholar in the late Sui Dynasty. Wang is the second son. His name is Fu Jiao, and his second name is Fu Zhi. Fuxi is Wang Bo's father. He used to be Doctor Taichang, Yongzhou Secretariat, Jiaozhi County Order, Liuhe County Order and Governor of Qi State. It can be seen that Wang Bo grew up in a scholarly family.

There is still controversy about Wang Bo's date of birth and death. Yang Jiong's Preface to Wang Bo said that he died in Tang Gaozong in the third year of Shang Yuan (676) at the age of 28. Accordingly, Wang Boying was born in the 23rd year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (649). Wang Bo's Ode to Spring Thoughts reads: "The second year of Xianheng (67 1) was in the spring and autumn years." According to this calculation, he was born in the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (65O). This is Wang Bo's self-report, which should be believed. Therefore, most scholars now believe that Wang Bo was born in the first year of Yonghui (650), died in the third year of Shangyuan (676), and was born at the age of 27. Wang Bo was a very talented poet in the early Tang Dynasty. It's really a pity that he only lived for 27 years.

Wang Bo was smart and studious since childhood, which was recognized by people at that time. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty originally said that Wang Bo: "At the age of six, he is a writer, and his thoughts are not stagnant. His words are ingram micro, similar to his brothers and talents. His father and friend Du often called him: "This is the three-bead tree of Wang." Another Yang Jiong's Preface to the Collection of Wang Bo said: "When I was nine years old, I read Yanshi's Hanshu, and my fingers were missing ten volumes. At the age of ten, I have mastered the Six Classics, and the moon is full. I will repay it with my own voice. It is a Millennium opportunity to learn from the past for a hundred years. " Too often Liu Bo called Wang Ji a prodigy. In the first year of Linde, Tang Gaozong (664), Wang Bo wrote to Liu Xiangdao, the right minister, and said in the letter, "Therefore, those who are generous to the monarch are angry with their hearts and ears", and asked Liu Xiangdao to recommend them. Liu was recommended to North Korea, and was awarded the post of North Korea Sanlang at Linde's request for a term of three years (666). At this time, Wang Bocai 14 years old was still a teenager.

When Pei Wang Li Xianwen heard about his name, he called it writing an article and loved him very much. Kings at that time often had fun fighting cocks. In order to have fun, they wrote "Chicken of Zhou Wang", which turned out to be a disaster. Tang Gaozong thinks this is to make the kings clash and drive Wang Bo out of Pei Wangmi. In fact, Wang Bo was hit this time, not really because of "chicken of Zhou Wang", but because of his talent, and he was jealous. Therefore, Yang Jiong's "Preface to Wang Bo" said, "Don't show your face in the play, look for it for the first time." After being driven out of Pei, he visited Shu, drank poetry wine with Yang Jiong and others, and fell in love. "Biography of Yang Jiong in Old Tang Dynasty" said: "Yang Jiong is as famous as Lu and Lu, and he is also called Luo, the king of the sea, also known as the four outstanding men."

Four outstanding writers in the early Tang Dynasty are a very famous group in the history of China literature. As a group, they opposed the decadent aesthetic atmosphere since the Six Dynasties, put forward some innovative ideas, and began to lead poetry from the court to the street, from the Taige to the Jiangshan and frontier fortress. The theme is expanded and the style is fresh and vigorous, which plays an important role in getting rid of the legacy of Qi Liang and creating a new atmosphere of Tang poetry. Talking about the history of literature in China, especially in the Tang Dynasty, there is no one who does not talk about Wang Yang and Luo Lu.

The second blow to Wang Bo was that when Zhou Guo joined the army and committed a crime, he killed a hidden official slave. In the second year of Xianheng (67 1), he returned to Chang 'an from Shu to participate in the topic selection. At that time, his friend Ling, a judge, said that he was rich in medicinal materials and he knew them, so he found a small job in his army. When he was a soldier in Zhou State, a slave named Cao Da committed a crime. He hid the criminal, and later, for fear of leaking the news, he killed Cao Da and committed a capital crime. Fortunately, he was not executed under the amnesty. This is a strange thing. Why does Wang Bo want to protect the criminal Cao Da? He hid to protect him. How could he kill him? According to the old and new Records of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo's misfortune this time is due to his arrogance and being envied by his colleagues. Some people suspect that Cao Da, an official slave, designed and framed Wang Bo for his colleagues, or that it was simply framed, which makes sense. In short, Wang Bo suffered two blows, both related to his genius superman.

Although he didn't die in this disaster, he declared the end of his career and brought trouble to his father. Wang Fuzhi was exiled to the southern wilderness because his son Wang Bo committed a crime. Wang Bo went to Jiao Jiao to visit his father and drowned on the way, ending his young life. It is impossible to find out whether Wang Bo died or committed suicide while crossing the sea. After all, he died with a cavity of grief and indignation.

Wang Bo's poetry and prose are excellent, and he deserves to be the first of the four outstanding poets. He made great contributions to reversing the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties and creating Tang poems, leaving some immortal masterpieces for later generations. His five-character poem "Farewell to Vice Governor Du's Office in Shu" has become a masterpiece in the history of China's poetry, which has been passed down for a long time. "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor" has become a famous sentence, which is often quoted by people throughout the ages. Wang Bo is most praised and told for thousands of years by his Preface to Tengwang Pavilion. On this matter, Tang Yanyan recorded it in the most detailed way.

In the autumn of the second year of Yuan Dynasty (675), Wang Bo went to Jiao Jiao to visit his father. When I passed by Nanchang, I was just catching up with Yan Xinjian Pavilion, the governor of Nanchang, where a banquet was held on the Double Ninth Festival. Wang Bo went to visit, and the satrap of Yan heard of his reputation and invited him to a banquet. Yan's party is to show off the talent of his son-in-law Meng. Let the son-in-law prepare a preface in advance and show it to everyone as an impromptu writing during the dinner. At the banquet, the governor of Yan asked people to take out paper and pen, pretending to let everyone preface this great event. Everyone knew his intention, so they refused to write, but Wang Bo, a young junior in his twenties, didn't refuse. He picked up a pen and paper and wrote in public. Yan's boss was unhappy, so he brushed his clothes and transferred them to his account to show people what Wang Bo had written. I heard that Wang Bo wrote at the beginning that "Nanchang is the old capital and Hongdu is the new house", and the Governor said, "This is just a cliche. I also heard that "the stars are divided into wings, and the ground meets Lu Heng", and I was thoughtful and silent. When he heard that "the sunset and lonely Qi Fei grow into one color together", the governor had to gasp in admiration: "This is a genius and should be immortal!" . "Biography of Talented Talents in the Tang Dynasty" records: "Bo delightedly teased guests, and he did it in an instant. Without adding a word, the room was full of surprises."

What is recorded in Tang Yan and other books may be exaggerated, but Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting is indeed an immortal masterpiece. Wang Bo prefaced "Wang Tengting" at the Yan DuDu banquet in Nanchang. This is the most touching story in the history of China literature. Wang Bo in The Legend of the New Tang Dynasty belongs to literature. At first, he didn't think it over carefully. First, I ground a few liters of ink, and then I drank so much that I was led on the ground and couldn't write a word. "Tang Duan also said:" Youyang Miscellaneous Language ":"Every time Wang Bo praises a monument, he first grinds a few liters of ink and leads him to lie on the surface. Suddenly, he began to count. At first, he didn't jump. People called it a draft. " It can be seen from this that Wang Bowen's wit is extraordinary, and Teng's improvisation is a masterpiece through the ages, which is not a false biography.

As a gifted writer in ancient times, Wang Bo died before he was 30 years old, which is really a great loss for China literature.

Although Wang Bo lived only 27 years, he still wrote a lot. He wrote ten volumes of Faults in Hanshu, five volumes of Zhouyi Drama, ten volumes of The Analects of Confucius, five volumes of Preface to Zhouzhong and several volumes of Chitose Calendar, but they were all lost. Today, only An Ji of Prince (16) is not a complete book. A new collection of new studies edited by Mr. Tian has been published by Shaanxi People's Publishing House, which contains some lost articles.