How to Appreciate "Sorrow" in Ancient Poems of College Entrance Examination

Look at the type

From the perspective of poetry content, this paper investigates several basic types of classical poetry: ① farewell; ② Nostalgia; ③ Hometown or homesickness; (4) war or frontier fortress; 6 leisure and leisure; 8 emotions; Pet-name ruby people; Nine categories; Be sure to master the basic reading level; Read the original poem carefully two or three times; Basically determined the type.

make love

Image search for the whole poetry can express erotic words in poetry: joy, cheerfulness, anger, sadness, grief, sadness, praise, admiration, farewell, attachment, heroism, leisure, indifference, infatuation, fever, sadness, loneliness, injury, loneliness, boredom, adherence to moral integrity and concern for the people.

Three. Set the theme

In other words, to determine the ideological content of poetry, the core of poetry creation and poetry appreciation are the same. The ideological content of poetry is nothing more than several aspects: cherishing mountains and rivers, caring for the people, cherishing the past and hurting the present, opposing war, pursuing peace, despising powerful people, being cynical, meeting talented people, caring for mountains and rivers, retiring to the countryside, climbing high and looking far, cherishing spring and autumn, remembering friends and homesickness, knowing each other and leaving sorrow, etc.

Step 4 look for images (allusions)

The focus of poetry appreciation is to grasp the images described in poetry, that is, the images described in poetry (things, scenery and events). In ancient poetry, many images have their own metaphorical meanings. Although the metaphorical meaning of these images can be the same as the artistic conception, they have something in common.

Looking for skills

The poor writing of this poem is closely related to the expression skills adopted.

6. Product style

Style means that Li Bai's poems are fresh and elegant, Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated, Tao Yuanming's poems are diluted, Wang Wei's poems and Han Yu's poems are profound and steep, and Bai Juyi's poems are popular and distinctive. According to the lyricists, Su Shi and Xin Qiji's words are bold and unrestrained, while Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao's words are graceful and implicit.

Appreciation or implication of poetry should make the author's language style and language expressive and related terms: vigorous, majestic, tragic, broad-minded, desolate, depressed, elegant, implicit, lingering, fresh, bright, beautiful, calm, sad and bright.

Language expression effect: sincere, bold, tear-jerking, lofty artistic conception, scene blending, intriguing and incoherent.

Poetry content, thoughts and feelings

, poetry content class

Farewell poems to friends, lyric poems to borrow scenery, poems to think about women, poems to express feelings about things, and poems to chant epic poems.

Travel poems, frontier poems, situational poems, pastoral poems.

Farewell poems warn us to praise, or to say goodbye to each other, or to our thoughts.

Praise ancient poems or things, mourn or cherish the admiration of the sages for the past, express their desire for their achievements or complain about their generosity or lament the ups and downs of the past, and use the past to satirize the present.

War poems should show the pride of defending the family, the heroic spirit of sacrificing one's life to kill the enemy, the heroic triumph of soldiers, the disgust of war, the exposure of the suffering brought by war to relatives, hometown and people, and the accusation of feudal rulers committing war crimes.

Frontier poems describe or show the cold environment or magnificent frontier scenery.

Poems about homesickness, in my heart forever's poems and poems about traveling and traveling emphasize the expression of homesickness or women's tenderness, sadness or homesickness and bitterness.

Landscape lyric poetry (including landscape hermit poetry, etc.). ) It often shows the noble quality of poetry, such as being different from others, being willing to be the same as the common people, or expressing one's feelings, reporting one's injuries, expressing complex feelings of happiness or sadness or worry, or grandly expressing the mountains and rivers of one's ancestors, expressing one's lofty essence and expressing one's far-reaching aspirations through scenery (objects).

Second, poetry meets thoughts and feelings.

1, sad

Exposing the fatuous and decadent ruler: Du Mu's Huaqing Palace (Wang An embroidered the top of the mountain, rode the princess of the world of mortals and smiled at litchi)

Reflecting the pain of leaving the chaos: Du Fu's "Spring Hope" (the mountains and rivers are broken, and the trees and grass come back to tears in the spring, and the birds are surprised. Even a letter from home is worth a ton of gold, and the mud is shorter in March)

Sympathize with the people's sufferings: Bai Juyi's "The Autumn Wind in the Cottage Broken Song" and "The Charcoal Man".

Worried about the future and destiny of the family and the nation: The author of the first poem "Climbing the Building" by Du Fu (flowers near high-rise buildings hurt people, but it is difficult to climb the Jinjiang spring scenery, like a cloud on the jade peak, and the ancient and modern Arctic court finally changed and bandits dared not cherish the West Mountain as the main temple, and chatted with Fu Liang at dusk) wrote "Climbing the Building" and saw the edge of spring, thinking that the clouds would change unharmed, and that the imperial court was like an Arctic constellation. Even if Tubo invaded, it would be difficult to change the concept of unity. Zhuge Liang helped the imperial court clarify its ambitions, and

2. Meritorious report

Desire to make contributions: Cao Cao's "Although the turtle is still there" (although the turtle is still there, it will eventually ride a snake and ride a fog, and a thousand martyrs will be strong and happy) Lu You's "Book Wrath" (It's hard to be a governor early)

Defending the Family: Wang Changling's "Military Brigade" (Seeing the Yellow Sand in Yumenguan after a Hundred Wars in the Snow Mountain in Yunnan, Qinghai)

Sadness at the door: Xin Qiji's nostalgia for Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou, ugly slave? Know less about the taste of sadness. "

It's hard to pay for China's declining ambition: Su Shi's Water Tune Song Tou? Chibi nostalgia "

The Ideal of Knowing Sadness: Qu Yuan's "Involved in the River"

3. Homesickness

Wandering and worrying: A Night Sleeping in Jiande, Wen's early journey to goodness.

Miss your relatives and friends: Memories of Jiuri Mountain East Brothers in September by Wang Wei and Jiangcheng by Su Shi? Ten dead and two boundless "

Frontier nostalgia: Fan Zhongyan's The Fisherman's Pride

Boudoir: Forever in My Heart by Wang Changling, Walking on the Sand by Ouyang Xiu (Waiting for Mei Shen) and Night Wu Ge by Li Bai.

4. Many aspects

Landscape feelings and rural leisure: Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei and Ancient Village by Meng Hao.

Prosperity in the past and decline in the present: Zhou Yangman by Jiang Kui and Wuyi Lane by Liu Yuxi.

Mock the present with the help of the past —— Xin Qiji's "Looking Back on the Past at Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou"

Youth is easy to die and hurt: Li Qingzhao's dream sequence? Last night, it rained and suddenly there was a strong wind.

Frustrated and depressed in official career: Bai Juyi's Pipa Travel and Su Shi's Water Tune Song Tou? Several bright moons

Ease and Happiness: Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Both Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army and Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon.

5, pavilion farewell

Liu Yong's Yulinling and Wang Wei's Song of the Acropolis.

Affection and encouragement: Wang Bo's Send Du Shaofu to Zhou Shu

Tan's Confessions: Wang Changling's Breaking Up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn

Third, the problems that should be paid attention to in evaluating the ideological content of works

1, writer Ping, thought and creative style Xin Qiji once struggled with Jin. He died in the front line and returned to the south, but was excluded by the capitulators. His words recalled the fierce battle or expressed his resentment. His style is bold and sad.

The characteristics of several generations are stronger than those of Tang Dynasty. Intellectuals are spirited and heroic, especially frontier poems. Although the environment outside the Great Wall is harsh and relatives deeply miss their hometown, they are more United. They were outraged and defended their families. High style, emotional. Like the poor and weak, the strength of the Song Dynasty was declining. The Song Dynasty was less heroic, less sad, less dignified and less concerned about the family.

3. In front of many ancient poems, the creation is explained in order, and the reasons for creation are explained. After explaining the creative background, the whole work laid the foundation for love.

4. The thoughts and feelings of a few works can be intertwined with uncomplicated feelings. Readers can use their imagination to create a second time. In addition, the writer's overall creative interest style should be fixed, except for special cases of other works, such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji.

Grasp the author's writing intention, interpret the artistic conception of poetry and explore the theme of poetry

Breakthrough of poetry title

The title of the title article summarizes the important contents of the title of the work, reveals the clues of the title of the work and lays the foundation for the author's mood. Examples:

Send a wonderful method to see Bai Yunfei. As soon as he heard the wind blowing from the bamboo window.

The breeze scares you, and you sit in front and think leisurely.

Why do dripping branches touch moss slightly?

The title "Wen Feng" is the key to understand the connotation of the whole poem. The neck couplet writes that the wind blows the leaves and drops the moss, which means writing the wind; The end of the poem is connected with the wind, saying that the wind is daydreaming and expecting the wind to send friends' opinions. The whole article closely revolves around the breath of the wind to create the artistic conception, and expresses the loneliness and loneliness of the poem and the feelings of missing the old people through the image of the breeze.

Secondly, the poem describes the scenery that breaks through the cold and warm colors.

In ancient times, when writing poetry, we should first find words to write scenery, then understand the warmth and coldness of the scenery and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.

Two Poems of Du Fu Delivered by Water Threshold

Guo Xuantan Factory Village overlooks the evening flowers of the quiet trees along the Shecheng River.

Rain fish wind into 100 thousand households, two or three households

The first poem is mainly used to write about scenery. The third poem first describes the surrounding environment of the beautiful thatched cottage on the banks of the Chengjiang River, where trees are shaded and flowers bloom in the evening, and then outlines a vibrant picture of spring scenery with drizzling fish and cool breeze swallows. Watching the fish swaying, the breeze swaying, flying lightly, cheerful and free, the poem draws warm scenes to express a kind of leisure and joy after the war.

Thirdly, the breakthrough of poetic image selection.

Images in China's ancient poems have specific meanings. Poetry expresses unique feelings with concrete images;

Five New Autumn Poems by Wang Changling (Ⅰ)

Golden well phoenix tree autumn leaves yellow bead curtain roll night cream

The color of the smoked jade pillow lies in the clear leakage of Nangong.

The first sentence of the poem uses the images of phoenix tree and autumn leaves to render the bleak and cold atmosphere. The third sentence is the cold night environment in the deep palace. Combined with the last sentence, we can know that it is because of the sadness in the poem that the voice coming from Nangong (the emperor's residence) is sad and diffuse.

Fourthly, the breakthrough of implied keywords in poetry.

Poetry, poetry, emotional products can capture some words that can express poetry, so find the key to appreciate this poem:

Jiang Lou JIU Zhao Wei

Du Jiang Lou Muse Moonlight and Water

Looking at the moon, the scenery there is vaguely similar.

The first sentence is full of poetry. I peep at the window of the world in my poems. The image of He Sisi is related to the poems of Wen Zhi. Seeing similar scenery arouses friends' yearning.

Fifth, the work has made a breakthrough in poetry.

Ancient poetry pays special attention to phrasing and making sentences, and strives to convey the meaning of phrasing and making sentences. Some sentences with poetic vision can often reflect the connotation and expression skills of the works.

Send Du to send Li Bai to Dongshimen, Lujun County.

Get drunk, don't go back a few times, board the platform, and spend a lot of money on Heshimen Road.

Surabaya is full of eyes, the sea is bright, and the boaters are far away.

The third part of the poem describes the word "Luo Ming" concisely and vividly, and the eyes of the poem fall to Surabaya like autumn, making it static and figurative; It is difficult to find the beauty of poetry and landscape, the beautiful foil and the pure and evil friendship.

Sixth, the author experienced a breakthrough.

The writer's experience of expressing his ambition in poetry is the same as the appreciation and breakthrough of his contemporary environment.

Qingpingle? Xin Qiji, Wangshi Temple in Dushu Boshan

Around the bed, hungry mice and bats turn on the lights, dance in the room, wind and rain, broken paper windows, and talk to themselves. Pingsaibei Jiangnan belongs to Fahua Cangyan, which is not small, and dreams of Qian Shan.

Xin Qiji, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, insisted that anti-gold was reused and expressed regret. He tried to restore the enthusiasm of his family, pour out his ambition, express his grief and indignation, express his ambition and worry about the people.

Seven, the breakthrough of poetic allusions.

The creation of ancient poetry expresses a wide range of profound themes with the help of some allusions;

Send Du Mu away.

Down and out in Jianghu restaurants, with a thin waist and a light palm.

Yangzhou dream ten senses win the auspicious name of brothel.

Han Fei, The Songs of the South and the Fine Waist Sutra? Two handles: the legend of the flying swallow of King Chu Ling refers to Zhao Yanfei, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, who is very light and can dance with his hands. Borrowing two dictionaries, he deliberately explained that he was debauched and bohemian. Look at the third sentence. Ten and perception have given a long time and are very keen. Looking at the whole poem, we find that it is full of regrets, and the future is dreamy and memorable.

Eight, the breakthrough of poetry annotation

Reading some notes will help me understand the author and his works, and let me understand the author's feelings and the contents of his works more accurately.

Li Bai climbed Yueyang Tower with the twelfth summer.

Louguan Yueyang, Sichuan, Dongting, Dayan, Shanyue.

Clouds on the couch, cups drunk, cool breeze blowing, sleeve dancing.

[Note] The poem was written when Li Bai was in exile, and Li Bai's friends ranked 12th in autumn and winter.

Poetry annotation provides the writing background of poetry. If you want to read a poem, you should write it in a relaxed mood. Poetry is endowed with life by all things: geese fly high and take away the sadness and anguish in poetry; Yueshankou is like the reunion of Junshan and the moon, which sets off the extremely happy mood when poetry meets forgiveness.

Please repeat the allusions, images and their meanings on the website.

Poetry appreciation trilogy

Read and understand

The first step to appreciate an ancient poem (word) is to read and appreciate it. Talking about the so-called understanding of Chinese and how to talk about Wei and Jin Dynasties, the first step is to reach the above-mentioned realm: last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and the tall buildings looked at the end of the road.

The reading steps focus on two words.

1.

The meaning of each ancient poem (word) should be clear, and the meaning of each word should reach the realization steps of each word. Even if the word is not understood, it will affect the understanding of the whole poem (word). Reading The Book of Songs, Nan Zhou Juaner, if you collect all the poems, it will be difficult to understand them. The shape of the basket is very clear, but it is a shallow basket, which affects the understanding of the whole poem. The husband outside misses the collection of curly ears.

2. Ming allusions

The allusions used in the Ming Dynasty should be understood. Some poems use allusions, which makes me difficult to read. The use of allusions in some poems is quite ingenious, and it is difficult to understand or interpret their connotations just literally. Compared with reading Xin Qiji's poem "Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia";

Throughout the ages, heroes have been found in Jiangshan, and Sun Zhongmou Dance Pavilion and singing platform are always romantic, with rain blowing, grass trees looking for lanes, and slaves sending them. I once thought that Jin Ge Tiema swallowed Wan Hu Yuanjia and hastily sealed the wolf, and the northern war would win, looking forward to the forty-third anniversary and burning Yangzhou Road. Who asked: Can Lian Po still eat?

There are two allusions in the ci-film: Sun Quan (word Zhong Mou), the master of Sanwu, reused Zhou Yu and other talents to make contributions; In addition, there are two allusions to describe the story of Emperor Wudi of the Southern Song Dynasty (using the word "Deyu" to send slaves away). With his own efforts, he led the Eastern Jin Dynasty, personally led troops to the Northern Expedition, and overthrew the independent Eastern Jin Emperor. Two allusions are used: taking advantage of the story of the Southern Dynasty (Yuan Jiaqi), thinking about sealing the wolf in front of him (that is, making contributions to the Northern Expedition), mistakenly listening to Wang's words, and leading troops to the Northern Expedition in a hurry, which ended in mutual destruction with the Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Tao, in addition to Zhao Minglian, who made great contributions in the war, and using some allusions to help his words recall the past, hurt the present and show him.

Second, read through.

The second step in reading and appreciating classical poetry is to reach the realm of gradually widening clothes and finally regretting the original. How can I read through it? I should do at least four things.

1. Understand the world

On Wan: Praise his poems, read his books and know his world: On Shen Deqian's poems in Qing Dynasty? Language "cloud: those who write the names of mountains and rivers must write the meaning of Deng; If the facts of this painting are revealed, the author will know and discuss the meaning of this world. Understanding people and discussing the world is used to appreciate classical poetry, which means understanding the author and writing background of poetry, including the author's level, thought, creative path and artistic style. Understanding the writing background includes understanding the background of the production and generation of works, the author's writing environment and similar works of his contemporaries. Only by knowing the world can we understand the specific works better than reading Du Fu's Spring Watch in the Tang Dynasty.

Hills and rivers, the vegetation is green again.

Flowers shed tears, and I hate birds.

After three months of war, a piece of news from my hometown is of great value.

White scratches are shorter, and mud wins hairpins.

My understanding of Du Fu's poems and their creative background is helpful to understand Du Fu's thoughts on the poem "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei": to be a gentleman, to be flexible and to be pure in customs. His poems are often closely related to reflecting social reality, and his poetic style is gloomy and frustrated. "Hope in Spring" was written in a historical chaos, and it is difficult for me to understand his poems and the background of his writing: why did it hurt your feelings and make you cry? He Jiashu is precious and worth tens of millions; He Shi, who is only in his forties, has itchy skin and wants to win. All poems are caused by historical chaos, which is similar to poems with the same theme, such as Li San and San Bie. To understand the world, it is necessary for the appreciator to read as many historical books, notes, poems and words as possible besides poetry.

2. Follow the waves to find the source

Looking for the source language along the waves, you can see the poem "Wen Fu" by Lu Ji in the Western Jin Dynasty: or looking for the source along the waves. 4 The Southern Dynasties thanked "Wen Diao Long": the husband wrote poetry with emotion, and the viewer put on the text to enter the mood. Although the appreciation of classical poetry is quiet and obvious, going with the flow refers to exploring the source of the work according to the clues of poetry and even the author Shi Chengyuan's reading of Wang Anshi's poem "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Ling Nostalgia". This song refers to "Yushu Hua Ting" recorded in Zhu Chen's "Sui Shu Wuxing Zhi". In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhen's new words were very sad, which made Gong Mei learn songs. His words are as follows: The song "Hua Ting in Yushu has a long-term omen of Hua Ting in Yushu", and Wang Anshi satirizes He Cai with Du Mu's poem why he wants the appreciator to read the Book of Songs, the source of classical poetry.

3. Excavate artistic conception

Artistic conception: a complete concept of the important category of theoretical beauty in classical poetry. Artistic conception words can be found in Wang Changling's poems in the Tang Dynasty, which are mentioned together with the physical environment and scenes: three realms of poetry: the physical environment needs landscape poetry, and the scenery of Zhang Quan's Shi Yunfeng is extremely beautiful. God is in the visual realm, and imagination is like the image in the palm of your hand. Sadness and resentment are all in the body, thinking deeply and caring about the artistic conception. 6. A comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of the connotation of artistic conception. Wang Wei forbade saying: the realm of language.

The key to appreciate classical poetry is to explore the similarities and differences between its artistic conception and images of another category of beauty, mainly because they are both subjective and objective; The difference mainly lies in artistic conception. It is often the image of the whole work that creates the artistic conception of the first work. Look at Weng Juan's poem Wild Hope in Yongjia, Southern Song Dynasty;

In autumn, there are several peaks in the deserted bay.

Wild water is seen on the mountain, and green hills are seen under the water.

Artistic conception: faraway, barren, river bend, high and low, the same number of peaks, green water, green hills, some images, poetic artistic conception: mountains are stronger than autumn-high bay is clear layer by layer; Autumn scenery-Castle Peak reflects the clear water and green water around Castle Peak and turns into mountains and rivers; Poetic, all poems and pens, autumn depression, chill.

Step 4 compare similarities and differences

As the saying goes, only through comparison can we identify and appreciate the classical poems with the same theme or theme, and compare them to distinguish their similarities and differences. It is very beneficial to make a comprehensive comparison between ideology and artistry, emphasize the theme, image, chapter, skill and style of poetry, and compare these two elements to illustrate their characteristics. Compare Li Duan s Zheng Ming, Liu Yong s Listening to the Zheng and Bai Juyi s Night Zheng;

Zheng Ming Zhu Jinsu Su Shou Yu Fangqian

I want Zhou Lang to care about strings wrongly.

-Li Duan's Zheng Ming

Draw strings to promote columns, listen, and limit Qin's sadness and resentment

Like chasing the spring breeze, you can know Liuzhou, and you can know that flowers follow birds.

Who was sad all night? Where is the empty moon?

More parting, hate Luoyang city, a fork in the road in the south of the Yangtze River.

-Liu Yong's "Listening to Zheng"

Purple sleeves and red strings, bright moon, playing from the dark.

Chord coagulation refers to where the throat stops. Don't be sentimental.

-Bai Juyi's Night Zheng

Three poems with the same theme (with basically the same title) are all about listening to the zither, focusing on expressing the virtuosity of the pianist, describing the content of the piano music, listening to the meaning of the zither, and listening to the three poems on the piano surface, each focusing on Li Duan's poems, focusing on imitating the expression of the pianist and seeing its meaning; Liu Yong's poems focus on describing poems and listening to Zheng's benefits, expressing feelings of parting and hatred; Bai Juyi's poems mainly show that the poet's master does not rewrite three poems with deep affection, which is obviously different from Li Duan's poems. Li Duan's poems mainly express his thoughts skillfully with meticulous expression and poetic interest; Liu Yong's poems mainly use novel and appropriate figurative forms to express the sadness of harps and harps and the hate of parting in his poems. Bai Juyi's poems mainly use blank space to win the voice, so I can read some works thoroughly by comparison.

Third, reading.

The third step reading and appreciating classical poetry is an important step. Appreciators have to make a fundamental leap in the first two steps, in order to reach a state where many people are looking for it in a thousand words, but the lights are dim. 7. The interpretation of poems (words) only stays at the level of literal understanding and artistic conception mining. The work can be familiar with the state of the artistic conception of the work and can express itself in a unique way. Three points must be emphasized:

1. Speech object

Talking less about words and things is short, and talking less about waste is also short. There is no need to delve into poetry and lines, and there is no need to make a fuss about everything.

2. Spirit

The main mode of article appreciation in spiritual writing should be based on the length of poems written in the same work, and it is believed that poems should be of the same style. Short poems are suitable for discussing the content and form of poems in text and style, and appreciating two points from the literary point of view.

3. Beautiful language and poetry

The art of poetic beauty: its language is beautiful, and its language is beautiful. Appreciation and appreciation of poetic articles should be like the beauty of poetic language. Writing articles is boring and interesting.

To answer the question of poetry appreciation, we must first analyze and understand the formulas and steps of poetry. See the reference website for the answering skills of specific poetry appreciation. If you have any questions, please leave me a message.

The delicate writing of psychological activities, true and touching are all wonderful articles.