What are the psychological defense mechanisms?

Escape mechanism: this is a passive defense, which reduces the pain you feel when you are frustrated or conflict with escape and negative methods. For example, pretend not to hear or hear, pretend not to know, as if it never happened. This defense mechanism includes four kinds: inhibition, denial, retrogression and potential inhibition.

Self-deception mechanism: This defense mechanism includes self-deception and is also a negative behavioral response. Including reverse action (from one extreme to the other), rationalization (finding reasons to defend yourself), offset (similar to rationalization, but there are actions besides theory), isolation, idealization and division.

Attack mechanism: when people are unhappy, but they can't vent it directly on the object, they will use the transfer function to vent it directly or indirectly on other objects, or pass their own faults on to others to judge the right and wrong of others. This defense mechanism has two ways: transfer and projection.

Substitution mechanism: Substitution defense mechanism is to replace one's own defects with another thing to alleviate the pain caused by defects. This substitution is sometimes an illusion, because in reality, he can't get the satisfaction of the entity, so he can use fantasy to get the satisfaction of the imaginary world, and sometimes he uses another object to compensate his frustration caused by defects. This defense mechanism can be divided into fantasy type and compensation type.

Construction mechanism: a better defense mechanism is compensated, which is constructive. It can be divided into identification and sublimation.