What is the life experience of Han Yu, a poet in Tang Dynasty?

Han Yu (768-824, 65438+February 25th) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), Han nationality, calling himself "County King Changli", known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world. An outstanding writer, thinker and philosopher in Tang Dynasty.

In the third year of Tang Daizong's Dali (768), Han Yu was born into an official family. His grandparents are both North Korean or local officials. His father, Han Zhongqing, was an official secretary and died when Han Yu was three years old. He was brought up by his brother Han Hui. Han Yu considers himself an orphan. He studied hard since he was a child and didn't need any encouragement. I can read and write at the age of seven, and write articles at the age of thirteen [4]. Han Huiying died young, and Han Yu fled Xuancheng with his widowed sister-in-law. /kloc-When I was 0/9 years old, I went to Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing. At that time, most of the articles written by literati advocated the ancient style, imitating the style of Yang Xiong and Dong Zhongshu, while Du Guji and Liang Su were the most profound and respected. Han Yu associates with him and studies hard, hoping to get ahead in a generation. When the article was delivered to officials and bureaucrats, former prime minister Zheng Yuqing tried his best to spread his reputation for him, so Han Yu became famous for a while.

The road of imperial examination

In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), Han Yu left Xuancheng and went to Chang 'an alone. He wanted to find his younger brother Han Mao, but he happened to go to the river and was killed. Han Yu then took refuge in the famous Ma Sui. Later, he wrote Milk Cat to show his virtue.

In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), he returned to Xuancheng and took three imperial examinations, all of which failed.

In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), 25-year-old Han Yu took the Jinshi exam for the fourth time and finally won the Jinshi.

In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he failed in the examination of the learned macro words of the official department. In the same year, sister-in-law Zheng died, and Han Yu went to Yang to mourn for five months.

In the tenth year of Zhenyuan (794), he went to Chang 'an again to take the exam of erudite macro words and failed again.

In the 11th year of Zhenyuan (795), she took the exam for the third time and still failed. During this period, I wrote three letters to the Prime Minister, but I didn't get a reply. In the same year, I left Chang 'an, passed through Tongguan and returned to Heyang County, so I went to Dong Jun.

Two went into the shogunate.

In July of the 12th year of Zhenyuan (796), Han Yu was recommended by Dong Jin, the envoy of my Xuanwu campaign, and had to try to be the secretary of the provincial school and become the observation and promotion officer of my Xuanwu campaign. During the three years of observing and promoting officials, Han Yu took every opportunity to publicize his innovative ideas of prose, and at the same time guided Li Ao, Zhang Ji and other young people to study literature.

On February 3rd, the 15th year of Zhenyuan (799), Dong Jin passed away, and Han Yu quickly left the country with Dong Jin's coffin. Just four days after Han Yu left, Xuanwu Army mutinied, Lu Changyuan, who stayed behind, was killed and the army was in chaos. Han Yu saved the day by leaving first. He followed Dong Jin's coffin to Luoyang, then went to Jin Meng, crossed the river and arrived in Xuzhou at the end of February. In the autumn of the same year, Han Yu was hired by Zhang Jianfeng, the special envoy of Xu, Si and Hao, to serve our time and try to help the law. In winter, Zhang Jianfeng sent Han Yu to Chang 'an, Zheng Chao.

Han Yu speaks frankly, never fears or evades anything, and is firm and pure, but he is not good at dealing with general affairs.

In the spring of the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan (800), Han Yu returned to Xuzhou and left Xuzhou to return to Luoyang in the summer of the same year. In winter, Han Yu went to Chang 'an for the fourth time to take the official examination.

Often exiled

In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (80 1), he elected civil servants.

In the spring of the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802), Han Yu was appointed as a doctor in imperial academy. Take time off to go back to Luoyang and play in Huashan.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Han Yu was promoted to suggestion. There is a great drought in Guanzhong area. Han Yu found that the victims were displaced, begging everywhere, and starving everywhere in Guanzhong. Seeing this serious disaster, Han Yu was deeply saddened. At that time, Jinghe managed the news of the blockade in Beijing and reported to the court that the grain harvest in Guanzhong was good and the people lived and worked in peace. In a rage, Han Yu went to crusade against drought and famine, but was slandered by Shi Li and others. In December, it was demoted to Yangshan County Order of Lianzhou.

In the spring of the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), Han Yu arrived in Yangshan County to take office.

In the spring of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Han Yu was pardoned and left Yangshan County between summer and autumn. In August, he was awarded Jiangling Facao to join the army.

In June of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Han Yufeng recalled Chang 'an and officially authorized the doctor to run the country.

In the third year of Yuanhe (808), Han Yu officially became imperial academy.

On June 10th, in the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he was awarded the foreign minister of the capital, divided into the east capital and awarded the ancestral department.

In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), he was awarded the Henan County Order. At that time, Wei, Yun, You and Zhen each set up their own places to stay, raising troops and hiding bandits. Han Yu wanted to expose their illegal behavior, so he deployed officials to cut off their contact with the people in advance and announced it at dawn. The officials left behind were very scared and forced to stop.

In the sixth year of Yuanhe (8 1 1), he served as a staff officer of Shangshu and returned to Chang 'an.

In February of the 7th year of Yuanhe (8 12), he was appointed as Dr. Guo Zi.

In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), Han Yu thought he was knowledgeable, but he was repeatedly criticized, so he wrote Congyu. After reading it, the Prime Minister sympathized with Han Yu and thought that he was very talented in history. So in March of the same year, he changed Han Yu to Bibi Langzhong and the History Museum, and was ordered to write A Record of Shunzong.

In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), in October, Han Yu was appointed as a doctor of Kao Gong and still served as a historian. In December of the same year, he was appointed as an imperial edict.

In the first month of the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), he was promoted to the position of the Sheren of Zhongshu, and was later given a flying fish bag. Soon, some people don't like Han Yu and cling to his past. They said that when Han Yu was exiled to Jiangling as Cao Cao, Pei Jun's son Pei Jun generously took him in. When Pei E went to visit his father, Han Yu still said Pei E was seeing him off in the preface of the article. This statement caused great repercussions among officials in the DPRK, so Han Yu was named the son of the prince.

Sui Zheng Huai Xi

In August of the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), Prime Minister Pei Du appointed Han Yu as the marching Sima and gave him a purple suit and a goldfish bag. Han Yu once suggested that Pei Du send thousands of elite soldiers into Cai Zhou from the path, and Wu Yuanji was captured. Pei Du didn't make it, and Li Su had marched from Wencheng (now Tanghe, Henan Province) to Cai Zhou on a snowy night, so Wu Yuanji was captured alive. Military strategists of the three armed forces all felt sorry for Han Yu. Han Yu also said to Pei Du: Now that there is a momentum to pacify Huaixi, Chengzong, the king of the town, can persuade him with words, so there is no need to fight. I found the cypress. The letter dictated to Wang Chengzong was told to be written by Bai Qi, and then he went to town with the letter to tell Wang Chengzong. Wang Chengzong is taking a photo and presenting it to Germany and Germany, indicating obedience to the court.

In the same year1February, after the decision of Huai xiping, Han Yu returned to Korea with Pei Du and was appointed as assistant minister of punishments for his work. Xianzong ordered him to write Pinghuai Xibei, which described Pei Du's deeds in detail. At that time, Li Su took the lead in entering Cai Zhou, but Wu Yuanji was captured alive and made the greatest contribution. He is very wronged by what Han Yu wrote. When Li Su's wife entered the palace, it was forbidden to tell people that the inscription on the tablet was not true. Xianzong ordered the inscription written by Han Yu to be worn away, and ordered Duan Wenchang, a bachelor of Hanlin, to rewrite the stone carving as a monument.

In April of the 13th year of Yuanhe (8 18), Zheng Yuqing, the left servant of Shangshu, was appointed as a detailed envoy, Han Yu and Li became deputy envoys, and Cui Yan and others were provincial judges, so as to revise the imperial court system and the five rites of good and ill luck.

Encourage Buddhist bones

Hanyu listens to Ying Shi playing the piano.

In the first month of the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Xian Zong's envoys went to Fengxiang to meet the Buddha's bones, and Chang 'an immediately set off a frenzy of Buddhist belief. Regardless of his personal safety, Han Yu resolutely wrote a book on the Buddha's bone table, saying that it is absurd to worship Buddha's bone, demanding that the Buddha's bone should be burned and eradicated forever, and that the whole world should not be misled by Buddha's bone. Xian zong was very angry when he saw Han Yu's watch. He wants to execute Han Yu by capital punishment. Pei Du, Cui Qun and others tried to remonstrate, but Xianzong was still furious. At that time, people were shocked and lamented, and even the royalty thought that the punishment for Han Yu was too heavy, and they pleaded for Han Yu on this matter itself. Xianzong demoted him as the secretariat of Chaozhou. After being demoted, Han Yu wrote a poem, "A letter is played nine days earlier and eight thousand at Chaoyang Road later. He wants to eliminate disasters for saints, and he is willing to decline and cherish his old age. "He expressed his feelings of loyalty and loyalty to the country and the people.

When Han Yu arrived in Chaoyang, he defended himself. Xianzong said to Zaichen, "I received a report from Han Yu from Chaozhou yesterday, so I remembered his admonition to welcome the Buddha's bones. He loves me very much. I don't know? " However, as a human minister, Han Yu should not say that people are in place to serve the Buddha and preach short life. Therefore, I hate that he is too reckless. "Xian zong wants to use Han Yu again, so let's talk about it first and see how the traitors got it right. However, Huangfuyun hated Han Yu's outspoken remarks and was afraid that he would be used again, so he answered first. " After all, Han Yu is too wild and careless, so he can consider transferring to another county for the time being. "Coincided with the Amnesty, Xianzong moved Han Yu to Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi) in October of the same year.

In the spring of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu arrived in Yuanzhou. According to the custom of Yuanzhou, the civilian daughter is mortgaged to others as a handmaiden, and the payer is not a domestic slave if it is not redeemed beyond the agreed time limit. After Han Yu arrived, he tried to redeem those men and women who were not slaves and let them return to their parents. So this custom is forbidden, and buyers are not allowed to be slaves.

In September of the same year, Han Yu went to the DPRK to offer wine and returned to Chang 'an in winter.

Embassies in towns and States

In July of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Han Yu was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. At that time, Zhenzhou (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) mutinied, killed Tian, and made new Chengde our time. Only then did I know that the soldiers and horses made Wang Ting claim to stay behind and ask the court for a holiday.

In February of the second year of Changqing (822), the court pardoned Wang Ting and Chengde soldiers, and ordered Han Yu to be a comfort messenger.

When Han Yu was leaving, all the officials were worried about his safety. Yuan Zhen said, "It's a pity for Han Yu." Mu Zong also regretted it, and ordered Han Yu to observe the changes of the situation after he arrived at the German-German border, and not to rush into the country to prevent accidents. Han Yu said: "The emperor ordered me to suspend entry out of kindness and take care of my personal safety; However, as a courtier, I have an obligation to carry out your orders and am not afraid of death. " So I decided to go alone.

After arriving in Zhou Zhen, Wang Ting drew his sword and drew his bow to meet Han Yu. After Han Yu arrived at the guest room, the soldiers still surrounded the courtyard with weapons in their hands. Wang Ting leaned in and said to Han Yu, "These soldiers did it, not my intention." Han Yu said sternly, "The emperor thinks you have the ability to be a general, so he appointed you as our ambassador, but I didn't expect you to command these soldiers!" "

A foot soldier came forward with a weapon and said, "My late Lord (the king) fought back for his country, but his bloody clothes are still there. Where did our army fail the imperial court, so that it was conquered as a traitor! " Han Yu said, "It's good that you can remember the first teacher. He rebelled at first, and later joined the imperial court, increasing his rank and title. So, is it far from being rebellious and getting rich? " From the Anshi Rebellion and Shi Siming to Wu Yuanji and Li Shidao, some of their descendants survived to be officials? Everyone replied, "No."

Han Yu's complete picture

Han Yu added: "Tian was raised to submit to the court. Although his descendants are still children, they are all sealed as senior officials; Wang Chengyuan surrendered to the imperial court and was appointed as our envoy before he reached adulthood. Liu Wu and Li You rebelled with Li Shidao and Wu Yuanji at first, and then surrendered to the imperial court. Now, they are all our time. You have all heard about these situations! " Everyone replied, "Tian is despicable, so our army is uneasy."

Han Yu said, "But what reason do you people have to kill Tian Gong and destroy his home?" Everyone calls it good. Wang Ting was afraid that the soldiers' morale would be shaken and ordered them to go out. Then he said to Han Yu, "What do you want me to do when you come to Chengde this time?" Han Yu said, "There are many people like Niu Yuan Yi, including the generals of Shence Army, Yulin Army, Long Wujun Army and SHEN WOO Army, but the imperial court takes the overall situation as its priority and cannot abandon him. Why don't you let him go out of the city around China? " Wang Ting chimed in: "I'll let him out of town right away." And then have dinner with Han Yu, just the cow Yuan Yi escaped and collapsed, and Wang Ting stopped chasing.

Old age life

In September of the second year of Changqing (822), he served as assistant minister of the official department.

In June, the third year of Changqing (823), Han Yu was promoted to be the secretariat of Beijing and Zhao Yin. Because he didn't meet the eunuch, he was impeached by Li Shen, a court official. Han Yu refused, saying that the move was approved by Mu Zong. Both of them are stubborn, and you come and go, arguing endlessly. The imperial court appointed him as the secretariat of western Zhejiang, and Han Yu was also dismissed from his post and appointed as assistant minister of the Ministry of War. When leaving for work in the city, Chen tearfully said that he felt sorry for him, so he was named assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and Han Yu was assistant minister of the official department.

Died at home due to illness

In August of the 4th year of Changqing (824), Han Yu took a leave of absence due to illness. In the same year (65438+February 25th)1February 2nd, Han Yu died of illness at his home in Jing 'anli, Chang 'an, at the age of 57, and was given the title of history by posthumous title.

In March of the fifth year of Changqing (825), Han Yu was buried in Heyang.

In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Han Yu, posthumous title, Song Shenzong, became Changlibo and was allowed to worship the Confucius Temple.