What are the traditional Tibetan festivals?

Tibetans, one of the ancient members of multi-ethnic countries in China, are distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces with a long history and culture. Do you know what its traditional festival is? I have compiled the relevant knowledge of Tibetan traditional festivals for you, hoping to help you!

Tibetan traditional festivals

Zhuanshanhui

Zhuanshihui is a traditional Tibetan festival, also known as Mufo Festival and worship of mountain gods. Popular in Ganzi and Aba Tibetan areas. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Shui Ye, Kowloon bathes it, so it is also called Mufo Festival. On this day every year, people from far and near in Ganzi Tibetan areas wear national costumes and gather on Happy Valley Mountain and Zheduo River. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, and burn paper money. Then turn to the mountain to worship the gods and pray for their blessing. After climbing the mountain, we set up a tent for a picnic and watched Tibetan opera. Singing folk songs, dancing pot and string dances, and riders also have horse racing and archery competitions. During this period, people will also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.

Flower picking festival

Flower-picking Festival is a traditional festival for Tibetans in Apollo, Nanping County. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year for two days. Legend has it that long ago, Apollo was a remote valley. People gather and hunt for a living, and make clothes out of leaves and skins. One day, a girl named Lian Zhi came from far away. She is beautiful, kind and intelligent. She taught the local people to farm, weave, sew clothes, and collect lilies to treat others. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to collect flowers and was swept down the cliff by the nickel wind and died. People are very sad, so they go up the mountain to pick flowers on this day to commemorate her. Over time, the flower picking festival was formed.

Huangzang calendar new year's day

Tibetans call the New Year "Lotha". In the ancient Tibetan calendar, the maturity or harvest of wheat was the beginning of a year, especially in summer and autumn. According to records, before 100 BC, Tibetans had their own calendars, and the days, months and years were calculated according to the moon's profit and loss. In the 7th century A.D., two princesses, Wencheng and Jincheng, entered Tibet to marry and form an alliance, bringing the calendar of the mainland. Since then, the Tibetan ancient calendar has been combined with the Han calendar and Indian calendar, forming a unique five-element calendar in heavenly stems and earthly branches in the Yuan Dynasty. Around the 1 3rd century, the Sakya Dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty designated the 1 month1day of the Tibetan calendar as the beginning of the New Year, which has been used ever since. There are many Tibetan festivals, among which the Tibetan New Year is the biggest and has national significance. Tibetan New Year is equivalent to the Spring Festival of Han nationality, and it is the biggest festival in a year. Since mid-December in the Tibetan calendar, people have prepared food, clothing and daily necessities for the New Year. Thousands of farmers and herdsmen flocked to Lhasa to buy all kinds of new year's goods. This is the busiest season in Lhasa. Tibetan calendar1February 29th is the Tibetan New Year. In the evening, every family should get together to eat "cereal" (dough and meat porridge) to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, thus achieving peace and happiness. After eating nine "ancient gifts" in laughter, the family held torches, set off firecrackers and shouted "Come out". They walked to the crossroads and prayed for good luck in the coming year. Tibetan New Year's Eve is a very busy day. On this day, in addition to cleaning the house and personal hygiene, all families should put the mixed butter of Ciba, fried wheat, ginseng fruit and other foods in a wooden barrel called "Zhu Su Ma Qi", and insert highland barley ears and butter sculpture color plates on it. Then put Maqi, "Gexi" (fried fruit), highland barley wine, sheep head, fruit, tea, ghee, salt and so on. In the main hall, draw eight auspicious pictures with Ciba or white powder in front of the gate, wishing a bumper harvest of crops and prosperity of people and animals in the new year. The auspicious "Zhega" rap was ushered in the early morning of the first day of the Tibetan calendar. The Tibetan People's Congress held a "water competition" on the first day of the Lunar New Year, and each household sent a young man to the river, wellhead or tap water to "grab" the first sip of water. According to Tibetan tradition, whoever grabs the first bucket of water on the first day of the Tibetan calendar is "golden water", and the second bucket of water is called "silver water", which means auspiciousness, auspiciousness and rolling financial resources. When the sun rises, people dressed in costumes have finished eating several holiday foods in order of age. At that time, neighbors would go door-to-door to serve Ma Qi, propose a toast to highland barley, and sing ancient greetings such as "Tashi Delepin Songcuo" and "Liu Mengjie Pazhuo Gongkangsang" to express auspiciousness, health, happiness and harmony. After that, the whole family will get together behind closed doors. On New Year's Day, many farmers and herdsmen who believe in Buddhism also went to the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa to worship and pray for peace and health in the new year. On the second day of the lunar new year, the activities of visiting relatives and friends make the streets lively, and it is also a time for people to show the fashion of the New Year. And "Lotha Tashildler!" The voice of blessing. On the third day of the Lunar New Year, religious and cultural activities are the main activities, and there are thick mulberry smoke on the road and on the roof. Young people hang colorful prayer flags on rooftops and hilltops, praying for disaster, and the vast agricultural and pastoral areas will also hold colorful entertainment activities such as saddle-carrying ceremony, horse racing, tug-of-war and throwing. The celebration of the Tibetan New Year will last until the 15th day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar.

Tibetan farmhouse celebrate the New Year.

Because of the Tibetan calendar 1 month, farmers in Houzang (the main grain-producing area in Tibet, referring to Xigaze area) will start spring ploughing, and Tibetan ancestors in Houzang area have long designated the annual Tibetan calendar of 65438+February 1 as the Tibetan New Year. Generally speaking, the Tibetan custom of celebrating the Year of the Peasant is only in Shigatse, Tibet, including Nimu County in Lhasa, Tibet, and most parts of Tibet celebrate the New Year on the Tibetan calendar 1 day every year. There are many Tibetan festivals in Japan, and the Tibetan New Year is the biggest and most ethnic festival in post-Tibetan areas. From the middle of Tibetan calendar 1 1 year, people began to prepare holiday supplies for eating, wearing and using in the New Year. Although the real peasant New Year is 65438+February 1 in Tibetan calendar, the festive activities of the festival began on the Tibetan calendar165438+1October 29th. From the night of the family reunion of "Gu Tu", a series of happy activities of Tibetan farmers in the New Year officially kicked off. Farmers' Tibetan New Year celebrations are basically the same as those in other parts of Tibet, and their joyful activities will last until the 15th day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar.

Sagadawa Festival

April 15 is the Sagadawa Festival for Tibetans. There are two opinions about it: one is to commemorate the day when Sakyamuni became a monk; One is to commemorate the day when Princess Wencheng arrived in Lhasa. On this day, religious commemorative activities will be held all over Tibet. Some Tibetans in Yunnan are going to worship in the desert mountain in Weixi county, and there is a ceremony of "turning to Jiela" (going around the mountain).

Women's festival

Tibetans in Wenxian County, Gansu Province celebrate their "Daughter's Day" every year on the fourth and fifth day of the fifth lunar month. During the festival, girls, accompanied by their brothers, put on gorgeous clothes, bring delicious food, go up the mountain to pick tea and sing, and toast each other with the young man to wish good luck.

Fruit Festival

"Guowang Festival" (meaning going to the fields) is one of the traditional Tibetan festivals in Tibet. This festival lasts for one to three days. Every July, when the grain harvest is in sight, Tibetans will walk around the fields with scrolls and wish the harvest. At the same time, horse racing, archery, cultural performances and other activities are held. Actors perform Tibetan opera in Potala Palace Square to celebrate the Snow Festival.

Shoton/Sho Dun festival

Xuedun Festival is a traditional Tibetan festival, which originated in the middle of 1 1 century. The Tibetan calendar is held on July 1st every year for four or five days. Xuedun Festival is transliterated in Tibetan, meaning "yogurt feast", so Xuedun Festival is interpreted as a festival for drinking yogurt. Later, it gradually evolved into the Tibetan Opera Festival, also known as the Tibetan Opera Festival. At that time, residents near Lhasa will wear bright holiday costumes, help the old and bring up the young, chat while drinking, sing and dance, watch Tibetan operas and enjoy the joy of the festival. In the afternoon, families began to string curtains as guests. The host toasted the guests with three mouthfuls of "Songzhunieta" (wine ceremony) and sang wine urging songs with different tunes. After singing, the guests will have three sips of wine. Toast, bless and laugh for a long time. When the sunset glow dyed the sky red, people left Norbulingka at dusk. According to Buddhist regulations, monks are forbidden to go out for a period of time. In summer, when the Tibetan calendar expires at the end of June, monks leave the temple and go down the mountain, and secular people give yogurt. This is purely a religious activity. In the middle of17th century, after the Fifth Panchen Lama and the Fourth Panchen Lama were officially conferred by the Qing Dynasty, famous Tibetan opera groups from all over Tibet gathered in Lhasa to celebrate the Snowton Festival, which gradually evolved into an important festival featuring Tibetan opera performances and integrating religious and entertainment activities. Therefore, it is also called the Tibetan Opera Festival. Because its scope is limited inside and outside the temple, with drepung monastery as the center, it is called the "Snowdon Festival in Northern Zhejiang". /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, the activity center of the Snowdon Festival was moved from drepung monastery to Norbulingka, allowing citizens to enter the park to watch Tibetan operas. After the democratic reform in Tibet, the Snowdon Festival became the people's own festival. During the festival, there are some activities, such as basking in the sun, playing Tibetan opera and visiting Karin. Every year on June 30th in the Tibetan calendar, a grand "Buddha Exhibition" is held in drepung monastery, a western suburb of Lhasa, which gives more believers the opportunity to worship Buddha. The local government does not interfere in this Buddhist activity. During the festival, Norbulingka was crowded with people, and tents and mats were everywhere among the trees. Tibetans gather here to drink highland barley wine, butter tea, eat yogurt, watch Tibetan operas and enjoy various cultural programs. 1993, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided to hold the Lhasa Snowdon Festival once a year and hold the Lhasa Snowdon Festival materials fair at the same time. 1August 993 16, the first "Snow Expo" opened. Today, the Snowdon Festival has developed into a comprehensive festival activity integrating cultural performances, economic and trade negotiations, investment attraction, material exchange, product display, sports competition, tourism and leisure. In 2004, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided that in order to solve the problem that the traditional Xuedun Festival is based on the Tibetan calendar, and the calendar dates are inconsistent every year, which brings inconvenience to domestic and foreign tourists, since 2004, the Xuedun Festival sponsored by the municipal government has been held on August 18 of the Gregorian calendar every year, except that the drepung monastery Buddha Exhibition is still held on June 30 of the traditional Tibetan calendar.

Bailai Ri Zhu Jie

Tibetan calendar 65438+ 10/5 is an annual traditional Tibetan festival &; Mdash& ampmdash Chasing Japan for nothing is called "Lucky Mother's Day". About the origin of this festival, there is a vivid legend among Tibetans: Masum, the patron saint of Jokhang Temple, has three daughters, the youngest daughter Balasham, the second daughter Dongzan Jim and the eldest daughter Balazam. Because they were disobedient, the mother put a curse on her, wishing that her eldest daughter would never have a husband, and even if she did, she would only see her once a year. The spell has come true. Barazza's lover lives in Chifu Zongzan on the south bank of Lhasa River, and can only meet once a year in Tibetan calendar 10+05. In order to celebrate "Tianmu Day", women dressed up specially and went to the statue of Tianmu in Balazan to burn incense and pray. Since ancient times, Tibet has had the custom of giving alms to the younger generation, monks and children, whether rich or poor. On this day, children are happiest and ask their parents for holiday pocket money early in the morning. Since the evening of June 10 in the Tibetan calendar, there have been an endless stream of worshippers worshipping Bailazam, and many good men and women have presented Hada to Tianmu. Monks in Jokhang Temple held grand annual and regular sacrifices for Datura. The Tianmu statue of Bai Lazan is facing the red land on the south bank of Lhasa River, while the Zongzan statue faces north on the red land, indicating that the two sides met.

The origin of Tibetans

Tibetans, one of the ancient members of multi-ethnic countries in China, are distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces with a long history and culture. Many cultural sites in different historical stages have been discovered and excavated in Tibet, such as Neolithic Age and Bronze Stone Age. From 65438 to 0979, the Karuo site in Qamdo, Tibet, which was excavated by archaeology, was a historical relic four or five thousand years ago. Many ancient cultural sites have also been discovered and excavated in Nyalam, Dingri, Shenzha, Linzhi and Medog. It shows that humans lived here from 7 thousand to 20 thousand years ago in Tibet. Neolithic and painted pottery cultural relics found in Qinghai and Gansu belong to the late Neolithic period. There are 19 settlement cultural sites where ancient people lived and lived in Aba Prefecture, some of which belong to the cultural sites from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty, and some are cultural relics from the Tang and Song Dynasties. Ancient tombs include sarcophagus burial, brick tomb, stone tomb, building foundation, stone tomb, stupa and other forms of cultural remains. The "Diaolou" architecture contained in the historical materials of ancient books can be seen so far.

Jia Rong in Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Marcand, Lixian, Heishui, Wenchuan and other places, as well as Ganzi, Ya 'an, Liangshan and other places, are inhabited by Tibetans who speak Jia Rong dialect, mainly producing agriculture. Tibetan areas call Tibetans in this area "Rongba" (people from agricultural areas). "Jia Rong" is named after Mount Gamo Modo, which means the area around Mount Modo.

According to Chinese historical records, the tribes who lived and lived in the valley area in the southeast of this area in ancient times were called "Jialiangyi", "Baigou Qiang", "Green" and "Geji", and they were the indigenous ancestors of this area. After merging with Tibetan immigrants and garrison troops in the Tang Dynasty, they became Tibetans. Before the liberation of Jiarong area, local officials often said that their ancestors came from Tibet. The chieftain in Wenchuan County, the chieftain in Jinchuan County and the chieftain in Mu Ping in Baoxing County, Ya 'an region all have genealogical records from Tibet. The ancestors of Zagu Tusi and Mosuo Tusi were the Tibetan general Stan Mou in the Tang Dynasty.

The History of Politics and Religion in Amdo records: "Most of the nationalities in the north and south of Domai are descendants of the Tubo King's troops stationed at the Tang-Fan border",&; hellip& amphellip”。 5-year AD; In the 6th century, there were almost no residents in Jiarong area, which was the period when Tsoba leaders ruled the country. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Tubo Zanpu Songzangambu unified Tubo, and Jiarong area was also unified among Tubo, with General Zanpu as the leader of Jiarong. Jiarong area is called "The Political and Educational History of Amdo and the Tibetans who Speak Amdo Dialect". Lsquo Chaco The reason is: "Historically, Tubo once sent Minister Copan to Jia Lian as a leader and military commander. His official residence is north of Songgang, and the Tubo royal family calls him&; Lsquo Jiamu Chavarong Copan &; Rsquo or&; lsquo； chavarong Copan & amp； Rsquo, referred to as & lsquo Chake "&; rsquo。 Copan was a commander-in-chief who recruited a large number of soldiers from the Zha nationality, one of the four major families in Tibet, and was in charge of the "Western Mountain Eight Countries" of Tubo in the Tang Dynasty.

In ancient times, Qiang, Shi and Yi tribes, called Jialiangyi, Baigou Qiang, Gelin and Geji, were actually aborigines scattered in mountains and rivers. During the Zampabude Gongga period of the ninth generation of Tubo, that is, the Shun Di period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (126), the primitive religion in Tubo area &; Mdash& ampmdash This Buddhism was introduced into our state from Tubo and gradually flourished. The introduction of Tubo culture and its influence on Jia Rong's Tibetan ancestors began in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the development of Buddhism in this state was later than that of the Tubo Dynasty in Chisong Dêzain in the eighth century. Due to the long-term influence of Tibetan culture centered on religious culture, Buddhism (early Benbo religion) has gradually become the belief of all the people of the above tribes, and with a large number of Tubo immigrants and military occupation and rule, after more than a thousand years of integration,