Handwritten newspaper about China's aerospace industry

1On April 24th, 970, China's first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1" was successfully launched by the Long March-1 carrier rocket, and the music of "Dongfanghong" spread all over the world, thus China entered the era of space exploration.

1975165438+1On October 26th, the Long March II D carrier rocket successfully launched a recoverable satellite. After three days in orbit, the satellite was successfully recovered as scheduled, and China became the third country in the world to master the satellite recovery technology. Since 1970s, the remote sensing information obtained by recoverable satellite remote sensing has played an important role in land survey, resource survey, topographic mapping and disaster prediction.

1On April 8th, 984, cz-3 successfully launched Dongfanghong-2 experimental communication satellite, which indicated that China Aerospace mastered the technology of using hydrogen-oxygen engine and twice ignition in weightlessness, and became the fifth country in the world to develop and launch a geostationary orbit satellite.

198510/kloc-0 On October 25th, the government of China announced that the Long March series of launch vehicles would undertake international launch and satellite launch business, and China Aerospace would enter the international market. Since/KOOC-0/launched AsiaSat-/KOOC-0/on April 7, 1990, China has successfully launched 26 foreign satellites into space by 2000.

On September 7th, 1988, cz-4 successfully launched Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite. Fengyun-1 is the first sun-synchronous polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in China, which has played a great role in meteorological observation, marine fishing, agricultural yield estimation, medium and long-term weather forecast and meteorological research.

1August, 1992 14, the Long March II bundled carrier rocket successfully launched the Australian "Ossett BI" communication satellite developed by Hughes Company of the United States. The long two-bundle launch vehicle has made great achievements in large thrust engine, large satellite fairing and rocket bundling technology. China Aerospace has the ability to launch all kinds of large-load commercial satellites.

1997 May 12, the Long March 3A carrier rocket successfully launched Dongfanghong-3 communication satellite, and China achieved a major breakthrough in high-capacity communication satellite technology.

1On August 20th, 997, Long March 3B successfully launched the Philippine Mabuhai communication satellite. Long March 3 B uses a large thrust hydrogen-oxygen engine, which makes its synchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity reach 5 tons, and enhances China's competitiveness in the international commercial satellite launch market.

19991June14th, the Long March 4B carrier rocket successfully launched the Resource-1 satellite jointly developed by China and Brazil, and its comprehensive performance reached the international advanced level, which also set a good example for China's successful cooperation in the field of aerospace high technology.

1999165438+1On October 20th, the new Long March launch vehicle successfully launched the Shenzhou test spacecraft, and the spacecraft was successfully recovered on October 20th 165438+265438. China's historic breakthrough in manned space technology is a milestone in China's space history.

In June 1, 65438+1October 10, China successfully launched the Shenzhou II experimental spacecraft. After completing the space science and technology test mission in space as scheduled, he returned to the central area of Inner Mongolia on June+10/October 16, 65438.

On March 25th, 2002, China successfully launched the Shenzhou III experimental spacecraft, circling the earth 108, and landed in central Inner Mongolia on 1 day.

On February 30th, 2002, at 65438, China successfully launched the Shenzhou IV spacecraft.

From June 10 to June 16, 2003, China successfully conducted its first manned space flight. Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei flew 14 laps in Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft, which lasted 2 1 hour for 23 minutes. After successfully completing all scheduled operations, he returned to the main landing site safely.

From June 65438+1October 12 to June 16, 2005, China successfully conducted its second manned space flight. China astronauts Fei and Nie Haisheng took the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft to run 76 times in space, which lasted 4 days 19 hours and 33 minutes, realizing multi-person multi-day flight and safely returning to the main landing site.

On 20071October 24th 18: 05, Chang 'e-1 probe was successfully launched from xichang satellite launch center by the Long March 3A carrier rocket. It is the first lunar probe independently developed and launched by China.

At 23: 35 on April 25th, 2008, China's first data relay satellite "Tianlian No.1 0 1" was successfully launched by the Long March III C carrier rocket in xichang satellite launch center.

Shenzhou VII was launched on 2 1: 10 on September 25th, 2008, and returned to the main landing site safely on September 28th. Since 2 1 century, the world space activities have shown a new trend of vigorous development. Major space-faring countries have successively formulated or adjusted their space development strategies, development plans and development goals. The space industry plays an increasingly prominent role in the overall development strategy of the country, and the influence of space activities on human civilization and social progress is further enhanced.

China's space industry began at 1956 and has gone through a glorious course of 50 years. Over the past half century, China has independently developed its space industry, and has been among the advanced countries in the world in several important technical fields, and has made remarkable achievements. China unswervingly follows the path of peaceful development, consistently advocates that outer space is the common wealth of all mankind, supports various activities of peaceful use of outer space, actively explores and uses outer space, and constantly makes new contributions to the development of human space.

China has set the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and entering the ranks of innovative countries in the first two decades of this century. The development of China's space industry is facing new opportunities and higher requirements. In the new stage of development, China will adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on national strategic objectives, strengthen independent innovation, and strive to promote the faster and better development of the space industry.

Since the white paper "China's Space" was published by China government in 2000, China's space industry has made great progress. In order to enhance the world's understanding of China's space industry in the past five years and its future development, here are some introductions and explanations.

I. Development purposes and principles

The purpose of China's space development is to explore outer space and expand the understanding of the earth and the universe; Peaceful use of outer space, promoting human civilization and social progress, and benefiting all mankind; Adapt to the needs of economic construction, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress, improve the scientific quality of the whole people, safeguard national rights and interests, and enhance comprehensive national strength.

In developing the space industry, China implements the guiding principles of national scientific and technological development, namely, independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future. In the new stage of development, the development policy of China's space industry is:

-Adhere to and serve the overall development strategy of the country, meet the needs of the country and reflect the will of the country. China regards the development of space industry as a strategic measure to enhance the country's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength and national cohesion, as an important part of the country's overall development strategy, and maintains the long-term and stable development of space industry.

-Insist on independent innovation and realize leap-forward development. China's space industry started from self-reliance and continued to develop through independent innovation. Improving the ability of independent innovation is the strategic basis for the development of space industry. According to the national conditions and needs, we should do something different, choose limited goals, concentrate our efforts, make key breakthroughs and achieve leap-forward development.

-Adhere to all-round, coordinated and sustainable development, and give play to the driving and supporting role of space science and technology in national science and technology and economic and social development. Strengthen strategic planning and coordinate the development of space technology, space application and space science. Guided by the progress of aerospace science and technology, we will promote the development of high-tech and industries and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Protect the space environment and rationally develop and utilize space resources.

-Persist in opening to the outside world and actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in the space field. China supports all activities in the peaceful use of outer space and strengthens exchanges and cooperation with other countries in the space field on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, peaceful use and common development.

Two. Progress in the past five years

From 200 1 to 2005, China's space industry achieved rapid development and made a series of new achievements. Build a number of scientific research and test bases with world advanced level, further improve the scientific research, design, production and test systems, and significantly improve the basic capabilities of aerospace science and technology; The overall level of space technology has been significantly improved, a number of major key technologies have been overcome, a historic breakthrough has been made in manned space flight, and the lunar exploration project has been fully launched; The space application system was initially formed, the application fields were further expanded, and the application benefits were significantly improved; Important achievements have been made in space science experiments and research.

space technology

1. artificial earth satellite. In the past five years, 22 different types of artificial earth satellites have been independently developed and launched, and the overall level has been significantly improved. On the basis of the four satellite series that have been initially formed, six satellite series have been developed-recoverable remote sensing satellite series, "Dongfanghong" communication and broadcasting satellite series, "Fengyun" meteorological satellite series, "Practice" scientific exploration and technical test satellite series, "Resources" earth resources satellite series and "Beidou" navigation and positioning satellite series. In addition, a series of marine satellites will be formed soon, and the plan to build a "small satellite constellation for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting" is being stepped up. Some new high-performance satellite payloads have been successfully developed. Various application satellites have been put into operation, among which Fengyun-1 and Fengyun-2 meteorological satellites have been included in the international operational meteorological satellite series by the World Meteorological Organization. Important breakthroughs have been made in key technologies of public platforms for large-scale satellites in geostationary orbit. Great achievements have been made in the development of large-capacity communication and broadcasting satellites. Important progress has been made in the development and application of micro-satellites.