What animal invented goggles?

In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".

Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminous colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. The light emitted by fireflies not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, biological light is the ideal light for human beings.

Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light-emitting device consists of three parts: a light-emitting layer, a transparent layer and a reflective layer. The luminescent layer contains thousands of luminescent cells, both of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein will fluoresce with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.

As early as 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of studying fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. A biological light source consisting of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP and water can be used as a flashlight in a mine full of explosive gas.

Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.

Electric fish and volt battery

There are many creatures that can generate electricity in nature, including more than 500 species of fish. People call these discharging fish "electric fish".

All kinds of electric fish have different discharge abilities. The most powerful are torpedoes, catfish and eels. Medium torpedoes can generate about 70 volts, while African torpedoes can generate up to 220 volts. African electric catfish can generate 350 volts; Electric eels can generate 500 volts. There is a South American electric eel that can generate up to 880 volts, and it is called the champion of electric shock. It is said that it can kill big animals like horses.

Where is the mystery of electric fish discharge? Through the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is finally found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. These generators are made up of many translucent disc-shaped cells, called electric plates or plates. Due to the different types of electric fish, the shape, position and quantity of the electric plates of the generator are also different. The generator of electric eel is prismatic and located in the muscles on both sides of the caudate spine. The generator of torpedo looks like a flat kidney, which is arranged on both sides of the midline of the body, with a total of 2 million electric plates; The generator of electric catfish originated from a gland, located between skin and muscle, with about 5 million plates. The voltage generated by a single plate is very weak, but because there are many plates, the voltage generated is very large.

This extraordinary skill of electric fish has aroused great interest. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery according to the power generation organ of electric fish. Because this kind of battery is designed according to the natural generator of electric fish, it is called "artificial electrical officer". The study of electric fish also gives people such enlightenment: if the power generation organ of electric fish can imitate successfully, then

Jellyfish windward ears

"Swallows fly low to rain, cicadas sing in the rain, and the sky clears up." The behavior of living things is related to the change of weather. All coastal fishermen know that fish and jellyfish living along the coast swim to the sea in batches, which indicates that a storm is coming.

Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate. It floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms, and every time before the storm warning, it will swim to the sea to take refuge.

Bionics gives an example of 15:

1. A very strange small gas analyzer, which was successfully copied from annoying flies. It is installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.

2. From fireflies to artificial luminescence;

3. Electric fish and volt batteries;

4. The windward ear of jellyfish, imitating the structure and function of jellyfish ear, designed a storm predictor of jellyfish ear, which can predict the storm 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.

According to the visual principle of frog's eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog's eye. This kind of electronic frog's eyes can accurately identify objects with specific shapes like real frog's eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes in radar system, the anti-jamming ability of radar is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships and missiles with specific shapes, especially distinguish between true and false missiles and prevent them from being confused with real missiles.

Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and traffic arteries. At the airport, it can monitor the take-off and landing of aircraft, and give an alarm in time if it is found that the aircraft is about to collide. On the main roads, it can direct the driving of vehicles and prevent vehicle collisions.

6. According to the principle of bat ultrasonic locator, people also copied "Pathfinder" for the blind. This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, which blind people can use to find people on telephone poles, steps and bridges. Now, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.

7. By simulating the incomplete photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria, a bionic photolysis device will be designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.

8. According to the study of human skeletal muscle system and bioelectricity control, a human strength enhancer-walking machine was copied.

The hook of modern crane originated from the claws of many animals.

10. Corrugated roofs imitate animal scales.

1 1. Paddles imitate fins.

12. Saw mantis arms, or saw grass.

13. Xanthium sibiricum was inspired and invented velcro.

14. The lobster with sensitive sense of smell provides people with the idea of making odor detectors.

15. Gecko toes provide an encouraging prospect for manufacturing reusable adhesive tapes.

16. The colloid generated by Bayesian protein is very firm. This colloid can be used in all fields from surgical suture to ship maintenance. Fly odor detector

Dragonfly-airplane

Fast scanning system

Mantis sickle

Eggs-architecture

Insect hydraulic device

Serpentine infrared ray

Whale submarine

Spider artificial fiber

Tortoise armored vehicle

Cat's eye-night vision device

Wild boar's nose-gas mask

Hawkeye missile

Butterfly temperature control system

The tortoise is carrying a tortoise-a tank with a rotating turret.

Modern radar-a radio positioning and ranging device: Scientists have found that bats rely not on eyes, but on an echo positioning system consisting of mouth, throat and ears. Because bats emit ultrasonic waves when flying, they can also detect ultrasonic waves reflected by obstacles. Scientists have designed a modern radar-a corresponding radio positioning and ranging device.

By studying the tiny swimming resistance of dolphins, scientists invented artificial dolphin skin which can improve the speed of torpedoes. And a wheeled vehicle (jumping machine) that imitates kangaroo's movement in the desert.

Inspired by penguins, scientists from the Institute of Zoology of the former Soviet Academy of Sciences designed a new type of car-Penguin brand polar off-road vehicle. The car's broad bottom is directly attached to the snow surface, and it can be propelled with a wheel spoon at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour.

Scientists make space robots by imitating insects.

A research team of Australian National University has developed a small navigation and flight control device by studying several insects. This device can be used to equip small aircraft for Mars exploration.

Inspired by bionics, British scientists are developing a new submarine, which can swim in an S shape by swinging its tail fin. The main innovation is the use of a device called "trunk actuator". "Elephant trunk" consists of a group of thin and soft hoses, which imitate muscle activity and promote fin movement. This new submarine can be used as an underwater mine-sweeping submarine to deal with mines that will detonate if there is a little noise or interference.

Nasty flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand space cause, but bionics closely connects them.

Flies are notorious "smelly things", and they can be seen everywhere. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell, and can smell the smell thousands of meters away. But flies don't have noses. What does it rely on to act as a sense of smell? It turns out that the nose and smell receptors of flies are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.

Each "nose" has only one "nostril" communicating with the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If the smell enters the "nostrils", these nerves will immediately convert the smell stimulus into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish substances with different smells according to different nerve electrical impulses generated by substances with different smells. Therefore, the fly's antenna is like a sensitive gas analyzer.

Inspired by this, bionics successfully imitated a very strange small gas analyzer according to the structure and function of the olfactory organs of flies. The probe of this instrument is not metal, but a living fly. A very slender microelectrode is inserted into the olfactory nerve of a fly, and then the guided neuroelectric signal is amplified by an electronic circuit and sent to an analyzer. The analyzer can give an alarm as soon as it finds the signal of odorous substances. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.

This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. This principle can also be used to improve the input device of computer and the structural principle of gas chromatography analyzer.

From Fireflies to Artificial Luminescence

Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. The electric lamp can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy, and the heat rays of the electric lamp are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.