14 main star and 12 constellation _ 14 main star and 12 constellation

definition

Constellations play an important role in astronomy; Astrology also uses images of the zodiac 12, but astronomers regard astrology as pseudoscience without using real scientific methods.

Basically, dividing stars into constellations is a random process. Different civilizations have different constellations made up of different stars-although some constellations made up of more conspicuous stars are roughly the same in different civilizations, such as Orion and Scorpio.

The International Astronomical Union divides the sky into 88 official constellations with precise boundaries, so that every star in the sky belongs to a specific constellation. Most of these official constellations are based on the ancient Greek traditional constellations handed down from the Middle Ages.

In order to identify the stars easily, people divided several regions according to their natural distribution in the sky. Different sizes. Each region is called a constellation. Connect the bright stars in the same constellation with lines to form various figures. In shape, they are similar to animals and utensils.

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Constellation originated in Babylon, one of the four ancient civilizations. About 5000 years ago, a group of Babylonian shepherds lived a nomadic life in Mesopotamia. In their wandering life as shepherds, they still don't forget to observe the twinkling stars in the night sky every day. Over time, they can see the regular changes of time and season from the dynamics of the stars. Every night, they look at the sheep, observe all kinds of stars, connect the brighter stars with each other, associate all kinds of animals, utensils and even gods they believe in from the connected shapes, and name them, creating the so-called constellation. It is said that there are more than 20 constellation names, such as the so-called zodiac 12 constellation, which was born at that time. Since then, the Babylonians have continued to divide the sky into many regions and put forward new constellations. However, at that time, constellations were of little use, and even fewer were discovered and named. The constellation 12 on the ecliptic was originally used to measure time, not to express people's character as it is now. Around 1000 BC, 30 constellations have been proposed. The Tigris River and the Euphrates River flow from northwest to southeast and flow into the Persian Gulf, so they are also called "two river basins".

After the culture of the two river basins spread to ancient Greece, it promoted the cultural development of ancient Greece. Ancient Greek astronomers supplemented and developed the Babylonian constellation and compiled the ancient Greek constellation table. In the 2nd century A.D., Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer, synthesized the astronomical achievements at that time and sorted out 48 constellations. Connect the main bright stars in the constellation with imaginary lines, imagine them as images of animals or characters, and give them appropriate names in combination with fairy tales. This is the origin of the constellation name. Most of the 48 constellations in Greek mythology live in the northern sky and north and south of the equator.

After the Middle Ages, European capitalism rose and needed to expand outward, and the navigation industry was greatly developed. Ships sailing at sea need navigation at any time, and stars are the best street lamps. Among the stars, this constellation has a special shape and is the easiest to observe. Therefore, constellations have aroused widespread concern. When Magellan sailed around the world in the16th century, he not only used constellations to navigate and orient, but also studied constellations.

1922, the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union decided to divide the sky into 88 constellations, and their names basically followed the historical names.

There are nearly 6,000 stars visible to the naked eye, each of which can be classified as a unique constellation. Each constellation can be identified by the shape of the bright star inside.

In order to facilitate research, people divide the starry sky into several regions, which are called constellations. China has long divided the sky into three walls and twenty-eight nights. Historical records and official records are quite detailed. Sanyuan is the three areas around the north celestial pole, namely Ziweiyuan, Taiweiyuan and Tianshiyuan. 28 boarding houses are located in 28 areas near the ecliptic and the white road, namely, 7 boarding houses in the east, 7 boarding houses in the south, 7 boarding houses in the west and 7 boarding houses in the north.

The seven accommodations of East Palace Qinglong are: horn, health, edge, room, heart, tail and basket;

The seven nights that Nangong Suzaku belongs to are: well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing and bird;

The seven nights that Xigong White Tiger belongs to are: Kui, Lou, Wei, Chang, Bi, Gou and Shen;

Gong Bei Xuanwu (tortoise and snake) belongs to seven nights: fighting, ox, female, emptiness, danger, house and wall.

China's achievements in stargazing are earlier than those in the west. People in China say that there are 28 places on the three walls, and the constellations in the sky are divided into three 28 categories, not just the western 12 constellation. One of the most important is Ziwei Garden. China's astrology, now collectively referred to as the purple constellation, is different from the twelve constellations in the west. Wei Zi constellation has fourteen main stars, namely, celestial pole, Sun, Tiantong, Tianfu, Taiyin, Wolverine, Giant Gate, Astronomy, Qixi and Pojun. According to the Book of Changes, it can be divided into yin and yang, and the corresponding personality can be divided into four categories: pioneering, leading, supporting and cooperative.

1928 The International Astronomical Union officially announced 88 constellations commonly used in the world. At the same time, it is based on the vernal equinox and equator of 1875. According to the different positions of the 88 constellations on the celestial sphere and the appearance of the stars, they are divided into five regions, namely, the Northern Celestial Constellation (5), the Polaris Constellation (40 ~ 90, 19), the Twelve Constellations (12 constellation near the ecliptic on the celestial sphere) and the Zodiac Constellation (19). The 88 constellations of the whole day are:

Northern Sky Constellation (5): Ursa minor (closest to the north celestial pole), Ursa major, Cassiopeia, Draco and Cepheus.

Polaris constellation (19): Scorpio, Andromeda, Lupo, Auriga, Canis major, Foxes, Cygnus minor, Perseus, Shepherd, Pentecost, Backrow, Corona Nordica, Tmall, Lyra, Dolphin, Pegasus, Triangle.

Zodiac (12): Cancer, Aries, Gemini, Aquarius, Virgo, Leo, Taurus, Pisces, Capricorn, Scorpio, Libra and Sagittarius.

Twelve constellations (10): Sagittarius, Canine, Eagle, Ophiuchus, Ophiuchus, Sextant, Ophiuchus, Unicorn, Orion and Whale.

Southern Constellations (42 in total): Temple of Heaven, Picture Frame, Fly, Mountain Case, Indian, Tian Yan, Flying Fish, Long Ruler, Swordfish, Clock, Rhododendron, Southern Triangle, Compass, Dragonfly, Telescope, Aquarius and Southern Cross (small constellation).

[Edit this paragraph] Naming of stars

In the west, most stars are named after their constellations. Such as Alpha Centauri (designated by Bayer), Cygnus 6 1 (designated by Flamsteed), Lyra RR (designated by variable stars) and so on. But in Chinese, the ancient star names of China are often used. For example, Alpha Centauri is also called "Nanmen II" (Nanmen is actually one of the ancient star officials in China). For more information about star naming, see Star Naming.

[Edit this paragraph] Constellation name and Latin comparison table

Latin abbreviation of asterisk in Chinese name area

Andromeda and Andromeda 722 100

Antlia Ant pump base 239 20

Tian 206 20

Water bottle Aqr water bottle 980 90

Aquila Aql Eagle 652 70

Ara Ara Temple of Heaven 237 30

Aries Ari Aries 44 1 50

Aura auriga 657 90

Bumuff, Boetes 907 90

Caelum Cae sculpture block 125 10

Camel cam deer leopard 757 50

Cancer numerical control cancer 506 60

Rattan 465 30

Large tank CMa tank 380 80

Miniature dog CMi dog 183 20

Capricorn Capricorn 4 14 50

Carina car chassis 494 1 10

Cassiopeia Cas Cassiopeia 598 90

Centauri Sagittarius1060150

Cepheus 588 60

Cetus cetcetcetacus1231100

Chamaeleon Cha weir dragonfly seat 132 20

Circinus Cir compass 93 20

Copagassos, Columba 270 40

Back seat of Coma berenice com 386 50

Coronation of the southern crown carat 128 25

Northern crown CrB crown 179 20

Corvus Crv crow block 184 15

Crater Garden 282 20

Crossroads South Crossroads 68 30

Cygnus 804 150

Delfinasdale Dolphin Seat 189 30

Swordfish 179 20

Draco Draco 1083 80

Equuleus Equ 72 10

Bojiangzuo 1 138 100

Dome for cupola support 398 35

Geminis Geminis 5 14 70

Grugru crane constellation 366 30

Heracles Heracles 1225 140

Clocks and watches 249 20

Hydra Ophiuchus 1303 20

Hydrus Hyi Aquarius 243 20

Industrial industry 294 20

Lake La Seta Scorpion 20 1 35

Leo Leo Leo 947 70

Leo minor LMi little lion 232 20

Lepus Lep rabbit seat 290 40

Libra Lib Libra 538 50

Jackal lupus 334 70

Lynx Lyn Tmall 545 60

Lyra Lyra 286 15

Mensamenshan Block 153 15

Microscopic opium microscope stand 2 10 20

Kirin court blocks 482 and 85

Musca Mus flies 138 30

Norma Nor square foot 165 20

Octans Oct south pole block 29 1 35

Oph Ophiuchus 948 100

Orion Ori 594 120

Paavo Paavo Peacock 378 45

Pegasus Pegasus1121100

Poerxiusi per Poerxiusi 6 15 90

Phoenix Phe phoenix 469 40

Pictor Pic easel 247 30

Pisces Psc Pisces 889 75

Pisces 245 25

Puppy tail 673 140

Pyxis Pyx compass 22 1 25

Ret mesh block 1 14 15

Sagittarius 80 20

Sagittarius Sgr Sagittarius 867 1 15

Scorpio Sco Scorpio 497 100

Sculptor Scl Jade House 475 30

Sct Shield 109 20

Serpenser snake 637 60

Sextans Sextans sex 3 14 25

Taurus Taurus 797 125

Telescopium telephone telescope base 252 30

Triangle triangle 132 15

Southern triangle 1 10 20

Rhododendron 295 25

Ursa Ursa Ursa 1280 125

Ursa minor 256 20

Vela Vel Vela 500 1 10

Virgo Vir 1294 95 (see "Virgo")

Volans Vol Flying Fish 14 1 20

Fox 268 45

[Edit this paragraph] Constellation list