Chronology of Shi Li's Events in Dezong: An Overview of Shi Li's Life in Dezong

The reign of Dezong Shili: A.D. 779 ~ 805. The years used are Jianzhong, Xingyuan and Zhenyuan. Posthumous title: Temple number of Emperor Xiaowen in SHEN WOO: Dezong's burial place: chongling. In 742 AD, Shi Li's eldest son was born.

In 762 AD, Tang Daizong ascended the throne, and Shi Li was appointed as the Grand Marshal of all the military forces in the world to crusade against the rebels, and was named King Lu and King Yong.

In 764 AD, Shi Li was made a prince.

In 779 AD, Tang Daizong died of illness, and Shi Li acceded to the throne as Tang Dezong.

In 780 AD, under the auspices of Prime Minister Yang Yan, two tax laws were implemented.

In 783 AD, Jingyuan soldiers passing by Chang 'an rebelled, and Shi Li had to flee Chang 'an.

In 796 AD, Tang Dezong handed over the imperial army to eunuchs, which became the custom of the dynasties after the Tang Dynasty and had a great influence on the political situation after the Tang Dynasty.

In 805, Tang Dezong Shili died of illness at the age of 63.

Tang Dezong, who experienced the Anshi Rebellion, once thought that he would achieve something. However, shortly after the implementation of the two tax laws, the reform of the tax system had to be interrupted because of the party struggle among court ministers. In addition, Shi Li has already spent all his great ambitions in front of beauty and pleasure, and knocked on the tax law twice every few days, so it is strange that the tax law has not expired twice. The party struggle between the court ministers and the self-respect of local governors made Tang Dezong Shili, who suffered greatly, lose confidence and handed over the management of imperial power to eunuchs, who only trusted these castrated goods, making eunuchs a great scourge that could influence the political situation in the later Tang Dynasty. However, in the later period of Shi Li's rule, he still used Li Bi, a famous minister, and finally stabilized the political situation in the Tang Dynasty.

In 779 AD, Tang Daizong died of illness, and Shi immediately ascended the throne. At the beginning of Shi Li's reign, he still had some ambitions. He reformed many drawbacks of the former dynasty, ordered the prohibition of annual tribute, advocated frugality, sent more than 65,438 maids, abandoned 300 pear orchards, led officials, prohibited officials from doing business, and severely punished those who took bribes. After Shi took office immediately, he also made commendable achievements, that is, he appointed Yang Yan as prime minister, supported Yang Yan to reform the tax system, abolished the rent-agent system and implemented the two tax laws.

With the disintegration of the land equalization system, the rent adjustment system, which is based on the land equalization system and taxes according to the amount of land, has been unable to continue, and farmers have fled and become tenants of landlords.

At this time, adopting a new tax system and two tax laws is tantamount to giving a shot in the arm to the bankrupt land system in the Tang Dynasty. Its main contents are: cancel rent talks and all miscellaneous taxes, regardless of local and foreign households, pay taxes according to their current residence. Give up the method of tax calculation according to tax amount and change it to tax calculation according to assets and fields, that is, determine the tax payable according to the household registration of assets; Local taxes are levied according to the amount of land. Hong merchants who do not have a fixed residence also have to pay taxes. Two plums are taxed in summer and autumn every year, with summer tax only in June and autumn tax only in 1 1 month. The name of the two taxes came from this.

The implementation of the two tax laws is based on assets and land, which is more reasonable and progressive than the rent-and-rent law. It expands the scope of tax payment, which is conducive to reducing people's burden and increasing government revenue. If these two tax laws can be implemented, it may enable the Tang Dynasty to reproduce the prosperity after Kaiyuan. However, the rulers, led by Tang Dezong, failed to live up to expectations, not only failed to implement them seriously, but increased exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, making the people's burden increasingly heavy.

But this can't be entirely attributed to Dezong. When he ascended the throne, the party struggle in the imperial court was very fierce. Yang Yan, who presided over the implementation of the two tax laws, fought against Ada, the most famous financier in the Tang Dynasty. Yang Yan is a confidant of Prime Minister Yuan Zai. Tang Daizong killed Yuan Zai, and Ada participated in this conspiracy. Now that Yang Yan monopolizes power, how can he not retaliate, not for Yuan Zai and himself? So this design murdered Ada.

Unexpectedly, Yang Yan's impulse made another treacherous court official after Li and Yuan Zai take advantage of the fisherman. Ada was killed innocently, and there were many complaints from the government and the public. Yang Yan felt guilty, so he secretly sent people to various towns to defend himself, saying that Ada was killed by Tang Dezong and had nothing to do with himself. When Tang Dezong learned about this situation, he hated Yang Yan very much, so he used Qilu as prime minister and prepared to kill Yang Yan.

The insidious and cunning Qilu readily accepted this. Shortly after taking office, Luo Zhi accused Yang Yan of many crimes. As a result, Yang Yan was demoted to Sima in Yazhou, and then killed by someone sent by Tang Dezong on the way.

After Shi Li, the hero of the ordinary town, ascended the throne, the self-respect of the ordinary town soldiers became more and more serious. Shi Li, who experienced the Anshi Rebellion, had the experience of being a powerful country and wanted to solve the problem of separatist regime in ordinary towns. At this time, Li died in Chengde town, which had agreed with Li Hotan to carry on the family line. Li Jiwei, the son of Li, made a superficial statement. The above table is approved by the court. Tang Dezong, who tried to get rid of the old government, naturally refused when he saw someone sharpening his knife. So Tian Yue, Li and Li joined forces to send troops to crusade against the imperial court in order to win the right of inheritance. Upon hearing this, Tang Dezong quickly sent troops to crusade, but he did not make a feasible battle plan or set up a marshal. All the generals are under the personal command of the imperial court. As a result, it failed one after another and the scale of the war became bigger and bigger.

Tian Yue and others have never been rivals of Tang Jun.. Tang Jun quickly defeated Tian Yue, forcing more than 65,438+10,000 beaten army to flee to Weizhou to defend the city. Li Na of Zi Qi Town was also killed and fled; And Li killed Li and Wang together and surrendered to the court. Finally achieved a temporary victory. However, the separatist's ambition has risen, and the long-term split situation cannot be changed. So before the smoke went out, it started again.

General Wang, the general of Chengde, rebelled because the interests demanded after surrender were not met. Later, he joined hands with Tian Yue and Li Na, and the rebel army gained momentum again. Tang and Ma Sui attacked Wei, saved Wei with the king, and made the northern army meet Li Huaiguang. Li Huaiguang defeated Zhu and Wang defeated Li Huaiguang. The two sides had to be deadlocked. Soon, Zhu Tao called Ji Wang, Tian Yue called Wang Wei, Wang called, Li Na called, and Zhu Tao became the leader. The kings agreed to support each other to protect the land they occupied forever. Later, in order to expand the rebel forces, Dai Huaixi was appointed as the world marshal, and the scope of the rebellion was further expanded, and the war spread from Hebei to Henan

In 783 AD, the rebel army Li Xilie surrounded Xiangcheng. After the defeat of Xuanwu Army, it became more critical to crusade against Xiangcheng, the main force of Li Xilie rebels. Shi Li quickly mobilized Jingyuan's original soldiers to save Xiangcheng in the East. Five thousand Jingxing soldiers came in the rain, hungry and cold. When passing through Chang 'an, they thought they would get rich gifts and be sent back to their parents' homes, but the reality was just the opposite of what they imagined, so they mutinied and invaded the capital. Shi Li hurried away and fled to Fengtian County. A few days later, his subordinate general, General Hunyu of Sargingo, came to Fengtian, and some officials came one after another. Near the town reinforcements entered the city, Dezong carried out the order of muddy sealing.

At this time, the rebels supported Zhu. Soon, Zhu claimed to be the Emperor of Daqin, and most Tang officials became Qin officials. Only a few officials, such as Si Nong and Duan, refused to listen to Zhu and prepared to kill Zhu. As a result, things were exposed and Duan was killed. Zhu is the eldest brother of Emperor Tao, echoing the rebelliousness of towns in Hebei from a distance.

Zhu led his troops to attack Fengtian City in an attempt to kill it. However, after a siege of 1 month, they still could not be conquered. At this point, the food and grass in Fengtian City has been exhausted, and Tang Dezong can only eat some wild vegetables and coarse grains. Soon, reinforcements from all walks of life came and defeated Zhu, forcing Zhu to retreat to Chang 'an. At this time, armed Li Huaiguang drove away the traitor Qilu, and then rebelled, and the situation in the Tang Dynasty further deteriorated.

At this moment, Li Sheng's army is stationed in Dongwei Bridge, sandwiched between Zhu Ben and Li Huaiguang, and is caught between Scylla and Charybdis, which is extremely dangerous. However, he encouraged the soldiers and won the support of Nanning, Fengtian, Zhao Ying and Lantian Tang Jun, and they were all willing to accept his command, thus gaining great military strength. Li Huaiyou fled to the river after the defeat, and his power was greatly weakened.

At this point, Tang Dezong sent someone to Tufan for reinforcements, on condition that Anxi and Beiting were cut to Tubo. With the help of twenty thousand Tufan soldiers, the Xiongnu led the army to attack from Hanzhong, defeated Zhu Bing in Xiongnu and entered Fengtian, which was equivalent to Li Sheng. After looting, the Tubo soldiers got rich bribes from Zhu and retreated. Want to use the Tubo soldiers to contain the generals' Shili, have to reluctantly let Li Sheng and others have independent military power. He said that he led troops into Chang 'an and was killed by Zhu. Tang Dezong returned to Chang 'an after 65,438+00 months in exile.

Just arrived in Chang 'an, Tubo came to Anxi, Beiting and other towns. Under the strong dissuasion of Li Bi and other ministers, Tang Dezong refused Tubo's unreasonable demands. So the war between Tang Dynasty and Tubo broke out again. However, Tufan's many attacks were defeated by Li Sheng, so Tubo sent a poor deviant to get rid of Li Sheng, Ma Su and Xiongnu. Tang Dezong was convinced of Tubo's deviant behavior, so he cut off the military power of Li Sheng, Xiongnu and Ma Su. At this time, the court was suspicious and divided internally and externally: it was not until Li Bi became prime minister that the situation was slightly stable.

After the celebrity Li Bi came to power, he grasped Shi Li's psychology, thus winning Tang Dezong's esteem. So Li Bi put forward a plan to say "Ge" in the north, Yunnan in the south and Tianzhu in the west to trap Tubo. After the implementation of the plan, the Tubo forces weakened and could not harm the Tang Dynasty, and the political situation in the Tang Dynasty was slightly stable

When Zhu besieged Fengtian, he suffered from the lack of food for the soldiers and civilians, but he didn't work hard because of it. On the contrary, he just muddled along and became more greedy for money. After returning to Chang 'an, Tang Dezong devoted himself to exploiting people's wealth and never cared about other national affairs. The emperor was greedy for money, and local officials paid tribute in the name of Jinfeng in order to get promoted and get rich and please. Some of these officials make monthly contributions, called monthly contributions, and some make daily contributions, called daily contributions. Whoever gives more money will get a higher position. These contributions are not the private wealth of local officials themselves, but are obtained by stepping up the exploitation of working people. At the end of Tang Dezong's reign, Tang Dezong specially appointed eunuchs to directly purchase items needed by the palace in Chang 'an market. These eunuchs are called official city envoys. The official city envoy has hundreds of people under him, who specialize in looting goods in the market.

In 805 AD, Dezong died.