traditional festival

1, the Spring Festival, the Southern Dynasties Liang Xiao Ziyun's "Jieya" was published, which is the first day of the Lunar New Year, "Yuan". The main customs are setting off firecrackers and paying New Year's greetings.

2. People's Day is the seventh day of the first lunar month when Dong Fangshuo's The gauntlet was published in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the custom of this festival was recorded in the Chronicle of Jingchu.

Beginning of spring, the first of the 24 solar terms, symbolizes the arrival of spring. Since ancient times, New Year's Day has been a very important festival. Ancient emperors often led their ministers to hold grand ceremonies to welcome the Spring Festival, and some even plowed a piece of farmland to show their importance to agriculture. Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi said "I am the best in the world" when they issued imperial edicts, and this welcoming ceremony continued to the Qing Dynasty.

Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, was called Shangyuan Festival in ancient times. Lantern Festival originated in the Western Han Dynasty. After Liu Bang's death, Zhu Lu was authoritarian, and Zhou Bo and Chen Ping killed Zhu Lu and made Liu Heng emperor. Because the day when Zhu Lu was killed was the 15th day of the first month, Liu Heng went out to celebrate with the people every year, and designated the next day as the Lantern Festival. Later, in order to promote Buddhism, Emperor Han Ming ordered the Lantern Festival to be lit to show respect for the Buddha. Since then, putting lanterns on the Lantern Festival has become a folk custom.

5, filling the festival, "Wen' an County Records" contains: the 25th day of the first month is filling the day, making noodle soup and steaming rice. Civilians scatter fine ash everywhere inside and outside the door to make a cellar, which is called a cellar. Divide a little grain in the cellar and cover it with bricks, which is called filling the warehouse.

6, Zhonghe Festival, the first day of the second lunar month, according to the Song Dynasty Gao Cheng's "Ji Yuan": Li Zhao's "National History Supplement" said: Tang Zhenyuan five years, initially set up Zhonghe Festival. It can be seen that the Zhonghe Festival was initiated by Li in Zhenyuan five years. According to the analysis of Li Nian written by Han and Hubei in Tang Dynasty, this festival only fixed the activities of offering sacrifices to the vernal equinox on the first day of February.

7. Dragon Boat Festival in the Spring Festival, the second day of the second lunar month, also known as the Dragon Head Festival and the Qinglong Festival, is popular among the people: on February 2, the dragon looks up. This theory is related to ancient astronomy. In ancient China, the astronomical phenomena were represented by twenty-eight huts. In the twenty-eight lodgings, the horn, horn, room, heart, tail and dustpan form a complete dragon constellation (Scorpio in the west), and the horn is the horn of the dragon. Whenever the spring breeze comes in February, the Dragon Horn Star rises from the eastern horizon at dusk, so it is called "Dragon Head Up". The dragon has been the totem of the Chinese nation since ancient times, and February 2 has naturally become a very important folk festival. Its custom is contained in Miscellaneous Notes of Ten Thousand Departments in Shenbang of Ming Dynasty.

8. Flower Festival, also called Baihua Festival, is said to be the birthday of Baihua, so it is called Flower Festival. There are different opinions about this festival, most of which are February 12. In the Flower Dynasty, there was a custom of "rewarding the red". In the Song Dynasty, Wu Zai recorded the grand occasion of the Southern Song Flower Festival.

9. The Spring Festival Society, which published the Calendar, was a day when the ancients offered sacrifices to the social gods (that is, the land gods) and prayed for a bumper harvest. Generally speaking, it is the fifth day after beginning of spring, around the vernal equinox. Social Day, with the nature of offering sacrifices to gods and gathering with neighbors, was highly valued in ancient times.

10, which originated from Shangsi Festival in Zhou Dynasty, published advanced Analects of Confucius. On the first day of the first three months of the lunar calendar. On this day in ancient times, witches would hold a ceremony to eliminate disasters and ward off evil spirits by the river. People go to the river to bathe in water soaked with herbs to get rid of diseases and omens. Because the fourth day of March is different every year, it was replaced by the third day of March in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and has been passed down to later generations.

1 1, Cold Food Festival, two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the Chronicle of Jingchu, the custom of cold food is to commemorate Jietui. However, according to modern textual research, combined with the analysis of Zhou Li, Qiu Guan and Zhou Juchuan, the real reason for the Cold Food Festival is the prohibition of fire. Most of the customs of the Cold Food Festival revolve around eating cold food. Now it is gradually replaced by Tomb-Sweeping Day.

12, Tomb-Sweeping Day, one of the 24 solar terms, is also the March Festival, and the Gregorian calendar falls on April 4th or 5th. The earliest record about Tomb-Sweeping Day comes from the Biography of Huainanzi Tian Zi. The ancient people in Tomb-Sweeping Day had the custom of sweeping graves, having a spring outing, and flying kites, playing cuju and swinging.

13, Buddha Bathing Festival, according to legend, the eighth day of the fourth lunar month is the birthday of Buddha Sakyamuni, and Buddhist temples all use the famous incense here to water the statue of Sakyamuni's birth, which is called "Buddha Bathing" to commemorate the birthday of Buddha. According to "Biography of Tao Qian in the Later Han Dynasty", the bathing festival first started in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

14, Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, with different origins. Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, most of the Chronicles of Jingchu written by people in the Liang Dynasty are in memory of Qu Yuan. Later, it evolved into the custom of making zongzi and rowing dragon boats. Later, many customs to ward off evil spirits evolved, such as Dai Ai and drinking realgar.

15, the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, a folk festival, is popular with customs such as drying clothes, bathing people and animals, and inviting aunts. It was first seen in Cui Shi's Four-Person Moon Order in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty. This custom continued into the Qing Dynasty.

16, Valentine's Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. Also known as "Qiaoqiao Festival" and "Daughter's Day", the Book of Songs was published by Dadong. It is said that on this day, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl will meet at the Magpie Bridge, and it is a folk custom to sit and watch the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on Tanabata.

17, Mid-Autumn Festival, the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, which is called "Bonin Festival" by Buddhists, also known as "Ghost Festival". Buddhists regard this festival as a common practice to pay homage to their deceased ancestors. According to the Buddha's chronicle, this festival began in Liang Wudi.

18, Autumn Society, the ancients offered sacrifices to the social god (land god) in autumn to thank him for bringing a bumper harvest to the world, usually on the fifth day after beginning of autumn, around the autumnal equinox. In the Song Dynasty, it was recorded in Wu's Liang Lumeng and Meng's Tokyo Dream China.

19, Mid-Autumn Festival, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, Wu's Dream of the Beam in the Song Dynasty and Liu Dong's Scenery of the Imperial Capital in the Ming Dynasty recorded its origin. The reason why Mid-Autumn Festival has become a traditional folk festival is closely related to the beautiful myth of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon". The customs of Mid-Autumn Festival are mostly related to the moon. Moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival are the delicacies of this festival.

20. Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, also known as Double Ninth Festival. The Book of Changes has the saying that "Yang is nine", and the two Yang are heavy, hence the name "Chongyang". According to Gehong's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wu Jun's Notes on Continued Harmony in the Southern Dynasty, Chang 'an Annals in the Western Han Dynasty and the Book of Jin, the customs of Chongyang are: climbing mountains, inserting dogwoods, drinking chrysanthemum wine, enjoying chrysanthemums and eating flower cakes.

2 1, October Festival, the first day of October in the lunar calendar, also known as "Cold Clothes Festival". According to the Chronicle of Jingchu written by Liang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, October is the Qin New Year, and the origin of this festival is recorded in the Book of Songs, July. The ancients had the custom of eating bean products on October Festival. The October dynasty was also an important anniversary in ancient times; In ancient times, there was also the custom of predicting age after midnight in October.

22. Winter solstice festival. The ancients regarded the winter solstice as a big festival after the New Year. This festival is held in November of the lunar calendar, about December 22 of the solar calendar. The winter solstice festival, also known as "Asian New Year's Eve", imitates New Year's Eve, but it is not so grand, but more than other festivals.

23. Laba Festival, the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, is an ancient folk religious festival in China. According to the Book of Rites of the Later Han Dynasty, "pulling" is a ritual, which existed in the Zhou Dynasty, but the date is not fixed. According to the analysis of Jingchu Chronicle, it was not fixed until the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. On this festival, torreya grandis porridge is offered to Buddha as "Laba porridge", while the people mostly cook porridge with whole grains, peach kernels, peanuts and red dates. , a symbol of harvest, celebrate harvest.

24. Lunar New Year's Eve, the Kitchen God Festival on February 23rd or 24th, is commonly called "Lunar New Year's Eve". Youyang Za contains folk sacrifices to the kitchen stove in the hope that the kitchen god will go to heaven at the end of the year and say more good things and less bad things in front of the jade emperor. Pan Rongbi's Ji Sheng at the Age of Emperor Jing recorded the grand occasion of Beijing Kitchen God Festival.

25. New Year's Eve, the last night of the Lunar New Year, means to get rid of the old year and replace it with a new one in the coming year. People usually call it "New Year's Eve". There are many customs and activities on New Year's Eve. One is to put up Spring Festival couplets and hang New Year pictures. The second is to keep the old age, which was first seen in the local customs of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty. The third is to eat New Year's Eve and drink Tu Su wine; New Year's Eve also has the custom of "saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new" and giving "lucky money". It can be seen from Jin Ping Mei and A Dream of Red Mansions that the custom of Chinese New Year has not changed much for thousands of years.