Brand celebrity of Bei Leita company.

Two Pietro players played an important role in the history of development. After World War II, Italy adopted the American-made M 1 Garland rifle with a caliber of .30-06. In order to meet the needs of the army, Bei Leita Company began to produce M 1 Garland in 1945, and later produced Garland for launching 7.62×5 1mm NATO bombs. This semi-automatic rifle performed very well during World War II, but it was outdated and backward in the late 1950s of 1968+0950, so the Italian military urgently needed a new type of rifle with NATO caliber of 7.62× 51mm. The most economical way is to use the old M 1 Garland with excellent performance to design a new gun and distribute it to Bei Leita Company.

1959, under the leadership of Menico Salza, the main designer of Beretta M 12 submachine gun, vittorio Waal began to develop new automatic rifles, and soon developed BM59 rifles, and then developed BM59R, BM59GL and BM60CB four variant guns.

BM59 was adopted by the Italian Army in 1959, and was also equipped in Indonesia and Morocco, and was later licensed to produce BM59. It should be noted that the earliest BM59 was made directly from some parts of M 1 Garland, even including the barrel of the reconstruction room. /kloc-in the late 1980s, the BM59 used by the Italian army was replaced by the AR70/90 assault rifle of Bei Leita. At present, Italy no longer produces BM59, but the Italian army still has a small amount of equipment.

Basically, BM59 is the M 1 Garland with a detachable 20-round magazine and a reducer. In addition, a NATO standard diameter flame arrester was added for launching grenade. To launch a Grenade, the Grenade sight on the air guide hoop must face up and the air guide hole must be closed. BM59 is a rifle with air guiding operation principle, and the air guiding device is located under the barrel. Double-lock bamboo shoot screwing machine. The position of the retarder/safety switch is the same as that of the original M 1 Garland, but it is different from the independent retarder operating handle of M 14. In addition, the position of the slider handle of BM59 is the same as that of M 1 Garland. The mechanical sight of BM59 includes a sheet sight and a shutter scale, which can adjust the wind deviation and range. In addition to the standard 20-round magazine, there are 14 magazine and 25 magazine. BM59 magazine can be pressed not only when it is not loaded, but also when it is loaded. Like M 14, the magazine of BM59 can be interchanged with M 14.

There are 8 models of BM59:

BM59 Mark E uses the barrel and piston barrel of Garland rifle, so it is cheaper. All other models of barrels and piston barrels are redesigned.

BM59 Mark, made of wood material, with integrated handle.

BM59 Markⅰ is basically the same as Mark Ⅰ, except that the wooden bracket adopts pistol-shaped grip, which makes it easier to control automatic shooting, and it is equipped with two feet.

BM59 Mark, pistol grip, metal butt folded to the right, used in mountain troops.

BM59 Mark, with heavy barrel and plastic stock, has a hinged base and a small grip, but no front grip, and is used as a class light machine gun.

BM59 Mark Ital, a light folding tripod is installed under the piston barrel, and the front end of the barrel is equipped with a detachable muzzle flame arrester, which also serves as a recoil buffer when firing rifle grenades, and a bayonet can be installed under the muzzle.

BM59 Mark Ital TA, an improved version of Mark III, is basically the same as Mark III and is equipped with mountain troops.

BM59 Mark Ital Para, a paratrooper, is also a variant gun of Mark III. Different from Mark Ital TA, it uses a shorter barrel and a shorter flame arrester, which is convenient for paratroopers to use and equipped with airborne troops.

BM59 mark Ⅰ data

Total length of gun: 1095mm.

Weight of empty gun (excluding magazine): 4.6kg.

Barrel length: 490 mm

Rifle: 4, right hand

Initial speed: 823m/s

Effective range: 600 meters

Theoretical firing rate: 750 rpm

Launch mode: single shot and continuous shot.

Magazine capacity: 20 rds caliber: 5.56×45 mm

1968, Italian company Bei Leita and Swiss industrial company (SIG) * * jointly developed a 5.56mm caliber assault rifle. Rudolf Amsler, the chief designer of SIG Company, advocated the use of revolver, and two companies jointly developed a small-caliber sample gun for launching American M 193 rifle, which was named "SIG-Beretta" at that time. In the later development, the two companies developed different final products. SIG's product was named SG530- 1 assault rifle, while Beretta's final product was AR-70/223 assault rifle.

Beretta's designers in charge of this project include Giuseppe Mazzetti, Leandro Zerneri and Vittorio Valle. Bei Leita's own sample gun was published in about 1972, and was named AR-70/223 assault rifle. After evaluation and testing, it was partially adopted by the Italian Army. The appearance of AR-70/223 and SG530- 1 are very similar, but their internal structures are quite different.

There are only two types of original Beretta 70/223 series rifles. AR-70/223 is a basic assault rifle, which uses plastic fixed stock and is mainly equipped with conventional troops. SC-70/223 is a carbine type. Although it is a carbine type, it uses a standard barrel, which is no different from the basic type except for the folding butt. Mainly equipped with special forces. 1974, Bei Leita company introduced a special carbine SCS-70/223, which adopted a short barrel and a folding stock. With the shortening of the piston cylinder, the position of the air guide hole moves backward, and the length of the piston rod is also shortened. This special carbine is mainly equipped with armored troops and airborne troops. AR-70/223 series assault rifles have not completely replaced BM59 automatic rifles. Besides the Italian army, Bei Leita 70/223 series rifles are also exported to Jordan, Malaysia, Sudan and other small countries.

As early as the early design of the AR-70/84 light machine gun, Brayda Company decided that the American M 193 5.56mm bullet can also be used for automatic weapons (that is, class light machine guns), so it designed a light machine gun model named AR-70/74 at 1974. 1976, in order to solve the problem that the barrel of the light machine gun was overheated due to the high firing rate, Bei Leita introduced the AR-70/78 light machine gun. Unlike the AR-70/74, the heavy barrel of the 78 type can be quickly disassembled and replaced under combat conditions. 1984 introduced the AR-70/84 light machine gun improved from AR-70/74. Except for the AR-70/84, several other light machine guns have not been mass-produced and formally equipped with troops, while the AR-70/84 is equipped with about 20,000-30,000 by the Italian army, navy and air force.

The automatic mode of Vereda AR-70/223 assault rifle is air guidance, using ordinary piston and piston Jane. Because the air guide hole is quite close to the muzzle, the piston rod is longer and the strength is reduced. In order to make up for this defect, the piston rod and the frame are connected together, and the composite spring is wound on the piston rod, so that the composite spring is compressed between the piston head and the front end of the casing. Considering that the magazine is placed under the barrel, the piston rod, return spring and piston barrel must be installed above the barrel to raise the center of gravity of the gun and make it as close as possible to the axis of the barrel. This gun has no gas regulator.

When selecting the bolt scheme, the starting point is to adopt the symmetrical supporting structure, so there is no offset locking mode of FN FAL bolt and no roller locking mode of HK G3 bolt, but the rotating bolt is selected. In view of the fact that the multi-convex bamboo shoot locking system on M 16, Stoner 63 and FN CAL rifles can't ensure that all the locking convex bamboo shoots are completely clamped into the locking groove, and the force distribution is uneven, the double locking convex bamboo shoots on Garland M 1 rifle and AK-47 are adopted, which is the same as SG530- 1. Its advantage is that the bolt can be directly locked in the barrel seat, and only the barrel and the head are stressed, so only these two parts need to be made of materials with high tensile strength, and the other parts and shell of the bolt can be made of ordinary steel. Of course, this front locking structure is not conducive to weight loss, because the barrel sleeve is added.

The internal structure of SCS-70/223 special carbine is rectangular, and the guide rail of the carbine is also imprinted on the carbine wall. The carbine is divided into two parts and fixed together with two pins. In the design of assault rifle, dust prevention is considered. In order to seal more effectively, a dust cover is added to the guide groove (not the shell throwing opening) of the chassis handle. When the power handle is pulled for initial filling, the dust cover will open automatically. The drawing handle is the only connecting part between the frame and the piston rod. If it is lost in decomposition, the whole gun cannot be used.

AR-70/223 series adopts arc-shaped 30-shot magazine, with the empty magazine weighing 255g and the real magazine weighing 586g. Magazine bamboo shoots are similar in form to AK. The sights of the rifle are cylindrical sights and tilting doors, and the gauge ranges are set to 0 ~ 150m and 150-300m. When zeroing, you can adjust the height by turning the sight up and down, or you can adjust the level by turning the small knob on the left side of the ruler.

The action principle of Bei Leita 70/223 series rifles is very simple. After firing, the pressure of gunpowder gas drives the warhead to move forward along the gun bore. When the warhead advances 330mm in the barrel, a part of gunpowder gas enters the piston barrel through the air guide hole, pushing the back seat of the piston, and the frame moves backward together. The free stroke of the frame is 8.9 mm, and then the frame drives the lock tongue to rotate to unlock. This mechanical safety delay can ensure that the unlocking action only occurs when the chamber pressure drops to a certain value. After rotating 30, the bolt is completely unlocked. After unlocking, the bolt and the frame are in the back seat, and the shell is pulled out and the shell is compressed. When the back seat of the piston frame is in place, the recoil spring extends, pushing the piston frame forward, and the bolt is pushed into the gun bore. After the bolt is loaded into the bore, the bolt stops re-entering and the frame continues to re-enter to drive the bolt to rotate and lock.

Semi-automatic shooting is controlled by one shot between trigger and resistor. In fully automatic shooting, the hammer is controlled by the misplaced safety iron block, and the frame quickly returns to its position while overwhelming the safety iron block. So the hammer can only be released after it is locked. The same is true of semi-automatic shooting. If the bolt is not locked, the hammer cannot be released.

The AR-70/223 assault rifle can launch grenades from the Belgian company Mecar. The flame arrester is also used as a socket for launching rifle grenades, and the folding quasi-star column used for launching grenades is usually placed horizontally above the barrel. Before installing the Grenade, the aiming post of the Grenade should be vertical, and the air guide hole will be automatically closed, so that the Grenade can be completely propelled by the gunpowder gas in the empty bomb. The photo door for launching rifle grenades is usually folded behind the ruler seat and erected when it is used. The ranges of the three holes are set to 50m, 75m and 100m respectively.

The gun barrel of AR-70/84 is equipped with perforated steel guard wood and has mounting points suitable for vehicles or other types of bearings. The butt of the gun is equipped with shoulder plates and devices to make it more stable. Hinges are installed in the middle of each leg of the bipod, which can roughly adjust the height, and grenades can be fired at the muzzle.

When dismounting the AR-70/223 assault rifle, loosen the dismounting pin on the left side of the cartridge case and the upper part behind the handle with the bullet tip, open the gunstock assembly (including the lower shell, the handle and the launcher base) downwards, and at the same time loosen the bolt of the handle, so as to pull out the handle. Then, the bolt and the frame are separated from the upper housing. The wooden protector is fixed by bamboo shoots. After removing the wooden guard and the flame arrester, the piston barrel, piston and compound spring can be disassembled. The only thing to pay attention to when assembling is to ensure that the grooves connected to the frame on the piston are completely aligned. The butt of the AR-70 rifle with the fixed butt can also be removed and replaced with the folding butt of the special carbine. Diameter: 5.56×45 mm NATO

Some design defects were found in the actual use of AR-70/223 series rifles, and when NATO chose Belgian SS 109 as the new NATO standard ammunition, the Italian Army also decided to replace BM59 automatic rifle with a new 5.56mm NATO standard caliber assault rifle. Bei Leita Company began to design the improved version of 70/223 series rifles and joined the light weapons selection competition. This improved AR-70/223 rifle was published in 1985 and submitted to the Army for testing. Also participating are G4 1 of HK Company in Germany (represented by Franchi Company) and galil of IMI Company in Israel (represented by Bernadelli Company). At the same time, the improved Beretta 70/223, Steyr AUG, Colt M 16A2, enfield L85A 1, FNFNNC, HK G4 1, Imgalil, Famas and SIG SG550 participated in the standard rifle selection test of the Irish Army. 1988 65438+ 10, AUG beat other competitors and was adopted by the Irish army. However, in Italy, Bei Leita's sample gun won the evaluation test, so its basic model was officially named AR-70/90 assault rifle in 1990, and in 1990.

Bei Leita AR-70/90 rifle has made some improvements on the basis of retaining the basic structure of AR-70/223 rifle. The whole gun 105 parts are 80% interchangeable. Like 70/223 series, 70/90 series rifles also have carbine type, special carbine type and light machine gun type. The basic AR-70/90 assault rifle uses a fixed plastic stock and is mainly equipped with conventional infantry. SC-70/90 carbine adopts folding metal stock, which is mainly equipped with special forces. SCP-70/90 short carbine adopts short barrel and folding metal stock, which is mainly equipped with armored forces, special forces and airborne troops. In addition, there is a SCS-70/90 short carbine, which is different from the SCP-70/90 short carbine in that there is no air guide adjustment device. The barrel of AS-70/90 light machine gun is heavier than that of AR-70/90 rifle, so it cannot be replaced quickly. It is equipped with metal protective devices, bipeds and special stocks. The number of 70/90 series rifles of Italian army is about1.5000, 50000 rifles were equipped before 1.993, and the rest were delivered after 1.994. In addition, the AR-70/90S can only shoot semi-automatically, and are mainly sold to police or civilians. The civilian model sold in the Italian civilian market is equipped with a short magazine with a capacity of 5 rounds, which is restricted by the Italian civil gun management law.

The shell of AR-70/90 is also stamped into upper and lower parts with steel plates and connected by two pins. During maintenance and field disassembly, point out the rear pin with bullets, and use the front pin as uranium to open the chassis (the front pin can also be removed if necessary). However, the upper casing section of AR-70/223 is rectangular, and bolt guide rails are punched out on the casing. The strength of this design was found to be insufficient in the test, so the upper box of AR-70/90 was changed to trapezoidal section, and another steel bolt guide rail was welded on the box wall.

The firing mechanism of AR-70/223 series has only two modes: single firing and continuous firing, while on AR-70/90 series, there are three modes: single firing, three firing and continuous firing, but users can also choose only single firing and three firing mechanisms, or only single firing and continuous firing mechanisms. On AR-70/90 series rifles, there are safety/quick handles on both sides of the casing, while on AR-70/223 series rifles, only the right side of the casing is provided. The lower part of the trigger retainer can be folded to facilitate shooting with gloves.

The air guide device of AR-70/90 is basically the same as that of AR-70/223, and it is also a long-stroke air guide piston. The piston rod is connected with the frame through a handle, and the composite spring is also wound on the piston rod. However, the air flow adjusting device on the air guide hoop can adjust two positions (normal or harsh environment). Like the AR-70/223 rifle, the air guide hole can be closed automatically after the Grenade sight in front of the air guide hoop is erected. The rotating bolts of AR-70/90 are also the same as those of AR-70/223.

The gun barrel is fixed on the shell through the threaded gun barrel nut, which is convenient for the replacement of the gun barrel (just for the convenience of maintenance, not for field work), and the gun barrel is chrome-plated to improve the service life. The diameter of the flame arrester is 22mm, so AR-70/90, SC-70/90 and AS-70/90 can directly fire various NATO-standard rifle grenades on the barrel. The barrel of SCP-70/90 is too short to fire a grenade directly, but a quick-release grenade launcher can be installed on the barrel, which can be easily clamped on the muzzle.

On AR-70/223 series rifles, a special 30-round magazine is used, and the lever magazine is stuck between the magazine and the trigger holder. AR-70/90 series rifles use the standard M 16 magazine, and the button magazine is stuck on the magazine seat of the lower magazine, which can be operated on both sides. Both AR-70/90 and AR-70/223 series have empty magazine suspension devices, and the bolt release device is located on the left side of the magazine and above the magazine seat.

The sight of AR-70/90 rifle consists of a flaky front sight and a flap-type perforation door. The air guide hoop of the front sight has a retainer, and the flap-type perforation door is located at the rear and upper parts of the magazine. The gauge is set to 250m and 400m respectively. At zero, the height direction is to adjust the line of sight, and the wind direction deviation is to adjust the door. There is a NATO standard sight accessory guide rail at the top of the case. Usually, a handle-type sight clamped by a spring lock is used. There is a three-point quick sight, a coarse sight and a large slit door at the top of the handle, and a hollow sight channel below, so even if the handle is installed, the original hole sight can still be used. After removing the handle, you can install an optical sight or photoelectric sight with NATO STANAG2324 standard interface, such as Zeiss Orion night vision sight or Aimpoint 4× sight. All AR-70/90 series rifles are used to store and maintain the cleaning tools in the grips, and plastic parts can also be stored in the basic plastic inventory. The surface of the skeleton metal butt of SC-70/90 carbine and SCP-70/90 short carbine is covered with a layer of plastic, which can be directly aimed at the cheek even in winter. There are rubber cushions on the shoulder plates of these two kinds of stock. The butt of AS-70/90 light machine gun is designed with shoulder plates for shoulder support, and rectangular holes and slots are convenient for non-shooters to hold.

AR-70/90 rifle has many accessories, including bayonet, detachable light alloy bipod, empty recoil auxiliary device, handle and so on. Diameter: 5.56×45 mm

AR-200 1 Individual Weapon is the weapon platform of Italy's "2 1 Century Fighter" (Italian version of "Land Warrior"). Combate2000-It is planned to formally apply on 1999. After argumentation, in July 20001,the Italian government officially approved a four-year research/development plan and a development budget of170,000 euros, and renamed it "SOLDATO FUTURO" plan. Its individual light weapon is temporarily called AR-200 1, which was developed by Bei Leita Company.

The mechanism of AR-200 1 rifle is improved on the basis of existing AR-70/90 series, so its basic structure is also based on AK system. The biggest improvement is to adopt new materials, reduce weight and reduce volume. The main body of the rifle will be made of high-strength plastic, and its weight will be reduced by 25% compared with that of the AR-70/90 assault rifle. The shape of this future rifle is inspired by Beretta's latest CX4 storm carbine. The full length of the standard type is also less than AR-70/90, and the full length of the stock is about 900mm after deployment. In addition, there will be a long and heavy barrel precision shooter and a shorter carbine type. Soldiers can change rifles (modularly) according to their functions or personal needs.

The gun fires a 5.56x45mm NATO standard bullet, and is equipped with a 40mm Grenade launcher with a programmed fuse. The rifle optical aiming/fire control system developed by Galileo AVIONICA can also provide shooting data and set the initiation distance for Grenade launchers. The AR-200 1 rifle adopts a telescopic butt, and the position and shape of the cheek are improved, so that soldiers can aim comfortably against their shoulders after wearing gas masks. The speed machine has four gears: safety, single engine, three engines and full automatic. The lever magazine is used to catch bamboo shoots. It is located between the trigger holder and the magazine, and the magazine can be released by pushing up. However, the 30-round magazine with NATO STANAG 4 179 standard (that is, the magazine with M 16 standard) is adopted, and other large-capacity magazines are also acceptable.

The sample gun of AR-200 1 will be submitted for testing together with other COMBATTENTE 2000 subsystems before the end of 2005. Bei Leita m5017 ~ 62mm sniper rifle, also known as Bei Leita sniper rifle, is a new type of sniper rifle successfully developed by Italian Bei Leita company in 1980s, firing NATO 7 ~ 62mm standard bullets, which is no longer produced at present.

structure

Bei Leita's 7.62mm sniper rifle is equipped with an ordinary revolving door gun, a free-floating heavy barrel and a magazine, and the muzzle has a flame arrester. There is a tube at the front end of the lower guard wood for installing biped, and a balance stabilizer for reducing the vibration of the barrel can also be accommodated in the tube. The small grip under the front of the lower guard wood can be adjusted and can be used as a shooting support point. The stock is a wooden stock with a thumb hole, and the recoil pad and cheek plate on the stock can be adjusted according to the needs of the shooter. The gun adopts a standard mechanical sight, the sheet sight has a hood, and the V-notch gauge can adjust the wind deflection and height. The gun is also equipped with Chase 1.5 ~ 6× 42t optical sight or any other optical sight or photoelectric sight.

basic document

Diameter: 7.62 mm

With ammunition: 7.62×5 1mm NATO.

Full length (inventory expansion):1165mm

Barrel length: 586 mm

Rifle: 4 right-hand lines

Empty gun weight: 5.56 kg

Capacity: 5