What is the global positioning system?

GPS is the abbreviation of global positioning system in English, and the abbreviation of GPS in Chinese is "ball position system". GPS is a new generation of space satellite navigation and positioning system jointly developed by the United States Army, Navy and Air Force in 1970s. Its main purpose is to provide real-time, all-weather and global navigation services for land, sea and air, and it is also used for some military purposes such as intelligence gathering, nuclear explosion monitoring and emergency communication. It is an important part of America's global dominant strategy. After more than 20 years of research and experiments, it cost 30 billion dollars. By March 1994, 24 GPS satellite constellations with global coverage of 98% had been deployed.

2. Galileo satellite navigation system

Galileo satellite navigation system is a global satellite navigation and positioning system developed and established by the European Union. The plan was announced by Council of Europe in February 1999, and was jointly undertaken by Council of Europe and ESA. The system consists of 30 satellites with an orbital height of 236 16km, including 27 working satellites and 3 backup satellites. The orbit height of the satellite is about 24,000 kilometers, which lies in three orbital planes with an inclination of 56 degrees. By the end of February, 20 16, 18 working satellites have been launched, with early operational capability (EOC), and it is planned to have full operational capability (FOC) in 20 19. All 30 satellites (adjusted to 24 working satellites and 6 backup satellites) are planned to be launched in 2020.

3. Russian GLONASS system

Russian GLONASS system also consists of three parts: satellite constellation, ground support system and user equipment. GLONASS constellation consists of 24 working stars and 3 spare stars, so GLONASS constellation consists of 24 satellites. These 24 stars are evenly distributed in three nearly circular orbital planes, with a distance of 120 degrees. There are 8 satellites in each orbital plane, and the satellites in the same plane are separated by 45 degrees. Track height 1.9 10000 km, operation period 1 1 hour 15 minutes.

4. China Beidou satellite navigation system

China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a global satellite navigation system developed by China. It is the third mature satellite navigation system after American Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russian GLONASS. Beidou satellite navigation system, American GPS, Russian GLONASS and EU Galileo are the suppliers recognized by the United Nations Satellite Navigation Committee.

Extended data:

Construction principle of Beidou satellite navigation system

The construction and development of Beidou satellite navigation system, with application promotion and industrial development as the fundamental goal, should not only build the system, but also make good use of it, stress quality, safety, application and benefit, and follow the following construction principles:

1, open. The construction, development and application of Beidou satellite navigation system will be open to the whole world, providing high-quality free services to users around the world, actively carrying out extensive and in-depth exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world, promoting the compatibility and interoperability between satellite navigation systems and promoting the development of satellite navigation technology and industry.

2. autonomy. China will independently build and operate Beidou satellite navigation system, which can independently provide services for users around the world.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beidou Satellite Navigation System