What stars and planets are there outside our solar system?

Apparent distance of the constellation to which English names belong (light years)

Sun Sun -26.72 1 Sirius Eldora-1.46 8.6 2 Eldora -0.72 80 3 South Gate 2 Betelgeuse Centauri -0.30 4.3 4 arcturus -0.04 3 5 Vega Lyra 0.03 25 6 Capella 0.08 40 7 Betelgeuse Orion 0./kloc 2 700 8 South River Block 3 South River Block 0.38 6543846 80 10 Betelgeuse Orion 0.50 500 1 kloc-0/horseback1Hadar Centauri 0.610.33012 cowherd. Ux Southern Cross 0.80 450 14 Aldebaran Taurus 0.85 60 15 Antares Scorpio 0.96 500 16 Capricorn Spica Virgo 0.97 350 17 Beihe Sanpollux Gemini 65. 438+0. 14 35 18 Beiluoshimen South Pisces 1. 16 22 19 Tianjin Four Tianjin Cygnus 1.25 1800 20 Cross Three Contains 2 1 Xuanyuan Fourteen Leo 1.35 70 22 Sagittarius Seven Adhara 1.50 600 23 North River Gemini 1.58 50 24 Cross of the Day South Cross 1.63 80 2 5 Endurance Baxiaola Scorpio .63 300 26 Elgin Five Bellatrix Orion1.64 400 Skyboat III Mirfakperseus1.80 500 34 Tian She iRegor Canvas1.821 00035 Jisu III Kaus Australia Sagittarius1.85120 36 Sagitta I Wezencanis1.86. 2800 37 Shihai-Arbiol Base 1.86 80 38 Shake Alcaide Ursa Major 1.86 150 39 Taru Five Sargasso Scorpio 1.87 200 40 Gate Kali South Gate Callinan Auriga 1.90 60. 4 1 Triangle tri-Atria South Triangle 1.92 100 42 Sujing Saint Henna Gemini 1.93 80 43 Peacock Eleven Peacock 1.94 300 44 Military City-Mi Erzha Dog1.994. 00 45 Stars-Alpha Ophiuchus1.981/Kloc-0 46 Floor Su-Hamar-Aries 2.00 70 47 Polaris-Ursa minor 2.02 400 48 Odysseus-Nucky Sagittarius 2.02 200 49 Toast-Kongdifada Whale 2.04 69

Five planets visible to the naked eye

Planets are celestial bodies that do not emit light by themselves and surround stars. Generally speaking, a planet needs to have a certain mass, and the mass of the planet should be large enough to make its shape about spherical. Those with insufficient mass are called asteroids. The names of the planets come from the fact that their positions in the sky are not fixed, just as they are walking. planet

There are five planets visible to the naked eye in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. After thousands of years of exploration, it was not until Copernicus established the Heliocentrism in16th century that people generally realized that the earth is one of the planets revolving around the sun, and the eight planets including the earth constitute the main members of the planetary system revolving around the sun-the solar system. Planets themselves generally do not emit light, but emit light by reflecting the light of stars to their surfaces. On the sky background mainly composed of stars, the planets have obvious relative motion. The planet closest to the sun is Mercury, followed by Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Starting from the fact that planets originate from different forms of matter, the eight planets can be divided into three categories: terrestrial planets (including water, gold, earth and fire), giant planets (wood and earth) and distant planets (heavenly kings and Neptune). The motion of the planet around the star is called revolution, and the orbit of the planet revolution has three characteristics: * * areal, isotropic and nearly circular. The so-called * * * planarity means that the orbital planes of the eight planets are almost on the same plane; Isotropy means that they revolve around the star in the same direction; Nearly circular means that their orbits are very close to circular. Around some planets, there is a material ring that runs around the planet, which is composed of a large number of small celestial bodies (such as rocks and ice cubes). ) and emits light by reflecting sunlight. It's called the planetary ring. Before the 1970s, people always thought that only Saturn had rings, and later it was discovered that Uranus and Jupiter also had rings, which provided new information for studying the origin and evolution of the solar system. A satellite is a celestial body orbiting a planet, and the moon is a satellite of the earth. Satellites reflect sunlight, but the reflected light of other satellites is very weak except the moon. The size and mass of satellites vary greatly, and their motion characteristics are also very inconsistent. In the solar system, except Mercury and Venus, all other planets have different numbers of satellites. earth

Between Mars and Jupiter, there are hundreds of thousands of asteroids of different sizes and shapes, which orbit around the sun along elliptical orbits. This area is called the asteroid belt. In addition, there are many comets in the solar system, and there are countless meteoroids floating in interplanetary space. The distance between this asteroid belt and the sun is 1.7~4.0 astronomical units, in which the celestial body period of revolution is 3~6 years. Some people once thought that the asteroid belt was a fragment of a broken planet, but now it seems that the asteroid is more likely to be the kind of space debris that formed the planet, so the asteroid belt is a planet that has not evolved successfully, not a bombed planet. Although there are many kinds of celestial bodies in the solar system, none can compare with the sun. The sun is the source of light and energy in the solar system. It is also the largest celestial body in the solar system, and its radius is almost 109 times that of radius of the earth, or 1.8 times that of the distance between the earth and the moon. The mass of the sun is 330,000 times larger than that of the earth, accounting for 99.8% of the total mass of the solar system. It is the mass center of the whole solar system. With its strong gravity, it firmly controls all celestial bodies in the surrounding solar system, making them inseparable and orderly rotating around themselves. At the same time, the sun, as an ordinary star, leads its members to move around the center of the Milky Way forever.