Science and technology constellation _ Science and technology constellation network

How did the constellation come into being?

Stories about constellations

Speaking of constellations, everyone is familiar with the starry sky, because when you look up at the sky at night, you will see many stars. So these stars can cause us a lot of reverie, but if we ask a question, what's the point of saying that I know these constellations? So in the present situation, is this constellation still valuable? What does the latter question mean? In other words, when we observe the sky with astronomical telescopes now, the constellation is not so important. Why? Because when observing the sky with an astronomical telescope, it inputs the position of each constant star, that is, the latitude and longitude of every place on our earth, into the computer. What about that computer? It will guide the telescope and point it at the star. So as long as the latitude and longitude of these stars are known, they can be found automatically with modern telescopes.

In this way, in the era of telescopes, this constellation, its meaning is not so important. But not for this reason, the constellation has no charm. Because the constellation has now become a popular cultural phenomenon. So it is now, it should be said, something related to culture, it is a historical relic, and this is a ... so in this sense, the constellation has eternal charm. Since we are talking about constellations, let's start with the origin of constellations. Finally, you can sort out some stars from the chaotic starry sky all day, so that you can know them according to their shapes, so that you can gradually generate constellations, and get familiar with them and know them. It's like, for example, you watch a football player's game on the football field because you are very familiar with your favorite team. Then you get familiar with every player who wears any number of jerseys, so that no matter where the player moves on the court, your eyes will soon find the player. Similarly, although there are many stars in the sky. But after a while, you are familiar with the special graphics in the starry sky, just as you are familiar with 10 and No.8 players. In this case, you will look for patterns made up of these stars in the starry sky. This is a constellation.

However, the earliest time of the constellation dates back to a long time. In China, as in foreign countries, in China, we can distinguish some stars among the stars in the whole day and what they are. When do you think this time can be traced back? We can go back at least seven thousand years. Why do you say that? Because in the ancient tomb in Puyang, Henan, we excavated the tomb of an ancient leader, so in this tomb, dragons and tigers made of clam shells are listed around him respectively. And under this human bone, that is, at his feet, his leg bone is in the shape of a big dipper. Then, after the research of experts, this dragon is not an ordinary dragon, but a constellation in the sky. That is to say, the shape of the stars we saw in the southern sky in summer was considered as a dragon in ancient China more than 7,000 years ago. Winter night is the starry sky in the southern sky. We will see a white tiger. This white tiger and Longquan are all human imagination. But in ancient China, it already existed so early. In fact, in ancient civilizations, these are all the same. For example, in Egypt, coffins unearthed in the pyramids more than 5,000 years ago had constellations on the lid. For example, like swans, there are swans A constellation like this, that is to say, it also existed very early, that is, knowing the constellation. So the dragon and tiger constellation China is very early. I say this because people began to recognize this constellation among the stars in the process of understanding this constellation, because it was in the Neolithic Age, and such a period was a period when civilization was taking place. Then this is significant. Everyone thinks that their thinking is different from that of us modern people, because people at that time had a feeling of awe in the sky. Because they think that many important things happen from the sky, when they think about it, they say that there is an invisible power, a frightening power, from the sky. Therefore, these constellations are often associated with God. Then in China, just like some tribal totems, it is said that this tribe worships something very much, and there is also a kind of tribal totem worship in the constellation. Therefore, the constellation has an important power since its birth, and people are very afraid of it. Of course, there are also some constellations that leave a good impression on people. Suppose they are on this map now, they can see it in spring. Let me show you this constellation now.

Then this constellation is called Ursa major, and we in China have known these seven stars for a long time. There is a barrel-shaped seven stars in this place. We call it Beidou. Everyone knows the Beidou, so we can use the two stars in the middle of the Beidou to connect to find the North Star. Therefore, Beidou plays a very important role in the process of star recognition. But in China, this constellation is called Beidou. Abroad, think of it as a big bear, in the shape of a bear. Let's take an example, that is to say, there are actually many constellations in the sky, which people realize in the process of continuous accumulation. The starry sky has different names in different cultures. Now that this constellation has been produced, here is a question to talk about your views on this constellation. The appearance of constellations, or constellations, should be a milestone in the course of human understanding of the universe. This is very important when people recognize constellations among the stars. This should be a milestone in our understanding of the universe. Can you convince me by saying so? Why is it a milestone? What reason do you have to say that? Now, I want to point out two points to illustrate this matter.

The first point is that when you know the starry sky, that is, the constellation, then people will use this star to understand the changes of the four seasons. Of course, we all know the changes of the four seasons, just say it and you will feel it. Cold in winter and hot in summer, you will feel this way. Therefore, people's initial calendar or their initial understanding of the four seasons depends entirely on people's feelings and the phenomena you see, such as fallen leaves, long leaves, long grass, grass death and so on. In addition, through my own personal experience, it is too hot and too cold, but this calendar is unstable. For example, this spring is early and fast, which means that this spring is likely to be short because of the change of temperature. However, this is entirely based on human feelings. This is not reliable, but one thing can be more reliable, that is, the starry sky in the four seasons is different. You can learn about the four seasons by changing the constellations. It is very regular which stars appear in summer and which stars appear in winter. When people know the constellations, they will use them to judge the seasons. We in China have a very good idea, which is to use the handle of Beidou. Now you can see the handle of Beidou. Then we recorded in books before the Han Dynasty that bucket handle in the east refers to spring, bucket handle in the world refers to summer, bucket handle in the west refers to autumn, and bucket handle in the north refers to winter. Suppose we know the four seasons, I can know which season is coming and which direction it points to by the handle of Beidou.

So the same thing happened in the west. For example, in Babylon in the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0, we know that Hammurabi was a very famous king of the Babylonian dynasty. Then in his time, the zodiac, that is to say, the twelve constellations on the zodiac have been finalized. So people know the constellation, he is very early. As I said just now, knowing constellations is an important milestone in the course of human understanding of the universe. One of the reasons is that since we know the constellations, we don't decide the seasons by feeling, but by an astronomical phenomenon. So what do you want to say? What does the change of the starry sky in the four seasons reflect? Actually reflects the movement of the sun in space, so because the earth revolves around the sun. Therefore, the movement of the sun in space actually reflects that the earth is in different positions all year round. Therefore, only by entering the astronomical phenomenon to determine the season can we truly enter the scientific season and truly divide the season scientifically. Therefore, knowing the constellations to determine the seasons should be an important event in the process of human understanding of the universe.

The second is that I know the constellations, so there are many astronomical records, so what the ancients recorded is still information that modern astrophysicists can use. I can give you an example. For example, in the Song Dynasty, there was a record in our Song history that during the period from the Song Dynasty to the first year, a guest star appeared in Tianguan, and the guest star was a guest of Hakka. This event actually recorded a supernova event, and it was at that time that a supernova exploded. Because of the constellation, that is to say, it tells you that this happened near Celestial, and Celestial is in modern Taurus. So, the event happened in 1054. Now, what do you see in this place? I saw the crab nebula, which means that the first neutron star we have found now is in this crab nebula. If there were no constellations, this ancient record says that there was a supernova explosion, and you don't know where it happened. But now, thanks to the constellation, we have recorded it in great detail. So, we now know that the supernova that broke out in 1054 has now become a neutron star with a very beautiful nebula around it. Therefore, in these two senses, the constellation is a milestone after human beings know the birth of the universe. I think now, everyone can agree with this view. Because, we have facts to illustrate this matter.

The second point I want to talk about the zodiac. Now let's show you the zodiac. We can still see the zodiac clearly. So now there are twelve constellations arranged around this ecliptic. These twelve constellations are the so-called zodiac signs, or the zodiac signs. So now, because people don't necessarily study astronomy, I use a term, "the zodiac". Many people say that I have to find out what the zodiac is first. What are you talking about? Otherwise I don't even know what the zodiac is. If you say the zodiac, it's hard to understand, right? So I want to explain what the ecliptic is here first. If you use this sentence to explain the ecliptic, it may be easy for everyone to understand. That is to say, if the orbital plane around the earth is extended to the sky, this plane is called the ecliptic plane, which is understandable. Assuming that the orbital plane of the earth's revolution is infinitely expanded and made into a plane, then it can form a plane in the sky. This plane is the ecliptic plane. In fact, we ancients didn't know the ecliptic that way. Because the earth moves around the sun, you can't feel yourself moving on the earth. You only see the sun moving, so the trajectory arranged by the sun in the sky for one year is the ecliptic. So the ecliptic is the first time that people know that the ecliptic is such a track formed by the sun in the sky in one year, which is called the ecliptic. So now everyone understands the meaning of the zodiac. Suppose the sun stays in a constellation every month. So it can be said that it is a very important constellation understanding. Let me talk about these twelve constellations on the ecliptic.

I also want to say that the excavation of the zodiac, or the understanding of the zodiac, is a milestone or a very important tool for us to uncover the laws of celestial motion in the solar system. It is this zodiac sign that plays a very important role in the process of understanding the laws of celestial motion in the solar system. Why do you say that? Because we know that the planets in the solar system, such as Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars, basically run on the ecliptic. Although they are not completely on the ecliptic, they are not far from the ecliptic. So, when you know the zodiac, you know the twelve constellations, all the moons, suns and five planets, and now there are nine planets, but you can only see the five planets with the naked eye, that is, Jin Mu, water, fire and earth, that is, you can only know these five planets, other planets, Uranus and Neptune, and you need to look through a telescope. Then, the trajectory of our sun, moon and five stars in the sky has a frame of reference, which is the zodiac. In fact, this truth is the same as that of us sitting in this classroom. When you say which row you are sitting in, it means that one of your abscissa and ordinate is dead. This is to use seats to determine the position of each point in the room. Now, we have twelve constellations on the ecliptic. No matter which constellation this celestial body moves to, I can record it. When recording, because these celestial bodies are moving, where it moves will be recorded gradually. After recording it, people can understand the laws of the sun and the moon. Of course, in China, we have China's own way. In ancient China, there were 28 lodges, which had the same function as the zodiac. Just, suppose in the west, it uses these twelve constellations, and China uses twenty-eight constellations. As we all know, it is Copernicus' celestial theory, that is, before Copernicus, people thought that the sun, the moon and these planets all revolved around the earth. So how did they discover this law of motion? It is because of the zodiac and the twenty-eight nights in China that you can always know the positions of the sun, the moon and the five stars in the sky. Therefore, the Zodiac and China's Twenty-eight Nights reveal the laws of celestial bodies, which is a very important historical event.

So when talking about the twelve constellations, I want to say that the constellations are an eternal interest in this sentence. Why? Because among the singers in Hong Kong and Taiwan, there is an important information in their so-called data, that is, which constellation they are, so many of our teenagers know which star they are familiar with. Therefore, he is also very interested in which constellation he is. In fact, this truth is very simple, because the sun is in a constellation every month, so of course, when you are born, then your constellation will be determined. Anyway, there are twelve months in a year, and you won't be born in the thirteenth month, because we are talking about the solar calendar, not the lunar calendar. So the zodiac is used, which means that these twelve constellations fix everyone. Which constellation are you in? I won't say that you are looking for another constellation, so it is a joke.

Then these twelve constellations on the ecliptic have a memory method. Now, let me tell you one thing, that is, if you want to remember these twelve constellations, how do you remember them? I made up a jingle saying "fish, sheep, cattle, crabs, lions, ladies, scales, scorpions and horses". Fish is Pisces, sheep is Aries, fish, sheep, cows and cows are Taurus, sons are Gemini, fish, sheep, cows, crabs and lions are cancer and lions. In this case, there are six constellations above, and there are female scales, Virgo and Libra below. The female scales are Scorpio and Sagittarius, Capricorn and Aquarius. In this case, all twelve constellations are available. Just say you use one. In fact, when you arranged these twelve constellations, I just said that you started with fish and Pisces, and this sentence naturally came out. This will make it easy for you to remember these twelve constellations. Because people are very interested in themselves, especially modern young people, and are very interested in which constellation they belong to, its popularity is very high. So I said, this is an eternal interest. This joke, everyone is familiar with the twelve constellations in the sky, and naturally understand the zodiac.

Next, let me talk about which constellation you were born in and which constellation I am the best. So under what circumstances will you feel this constellation? I talk about such a thing, so we can know so many constellations. Now there are 88 constellations all day, the zodiac, and 88 constellations all day. This was stipulated by the International Astronomical Society in 1933. But respect history in the process of regulation. Let's just say that people have gradually accumulated knowledge of this constellation in history and have been quoted by it. Now, I want to answer this question, which is your constellation, so you can know that these constellations are all in your eyes and in our eyes. Why do you say that? Our eyes are too sensitive to see only the darkest stars, as dark as six stars. In other words, we are all day and you are in the north. You can't see more than 2000 stars, and you can't see darker stars. So we are in the range of nearly 3000 stars, so there are some bright stars. These bright stars, it will form some figures, that is, this is like a lion, or that is like a scale, or that is like a sheep's head. So what's China like? The spoon of wine is gone, so it's called Beidou, like this. Let's say it's entirely because you use these bright stars to arrange patterns and imagine what it is, and this constellation comes out. If our eyes were not so bad and sensitive, and we could see thirteen stars, that is to say, those dark stars could also see them, what would happen to us? We can see more than 4 million stars all day. We can see at least 2 million stars in the northern sky, more than 2 million stars. Can you find any constellations in it? You can't find it. You can't see the constellation. I mean, we have the knowledge of this constellation because our eyes are not sensitive enough. If our eye sensitivity is improved, these constellations actually don't exist. So in fact, any constellation is the same, and there are many stars in any sky area. As I said, if you can see thirteen stars, there will be more than two million stars in the northern sky, then you won't see such beautiful patterns, at least this romantic mood will be much reduced. But it doesn't matter, our eyes can only see six stars, so now we can still see these constellations outside, so I think this interest in constellations is eternal.

Let's start with the first story. This constellation is called Virgo, Virgo, and Virgo is now called Virgo. So Virgo is in the west. Think of it as a god Then this god is a beautiful goddess, so it can also be said to be a beautiful goddess. This beautiful goddess is called Myrtle. This Demeter, she is the child of God Cronus and goddess Rhea. Then this image is a goddess with wings, holding a sickle in one hand and an ear of wheat in the other. So the image of Virgo is very beautiful. The story of Virgo Demeter came from this, that is, this Cronus was the Greek God at that time, so he himself, with the ability of a prophet, said that he could predict the future. He predicted that he would be overthrown by his children in the future. So, whenever she gives birth to a baby in Rhea, he eats it. Then he ate five children in a row. When the sixth child was born, his mother wrapped it in stones to protect him. This myth is a myth. You can't think with this common logic, just wrap the stone in its infancy. Cronus, the Lord God, thought this was his sixth child, so he ate the stone and thought that the future troubles had been eliminated, that is, no one would overthrow him. All six children were eaten. In fact, the sixth child is Zeus, the Greek god. At that time Zeus's grandmother was Gaia, the goddess of the earth. We know that the earth is called Gaia, but it is actually the goddess of the earth. Therefore, Zeus survived and finally overthrew Cronus with the help of his grandmother Gaia, the goddess of the earth. Then, of course, after the overthrow, he ordered his father that you should spit out all five children. So he threw up all the first five children. After spitting it out, these five children are Hadders, the guardian of the underworld, Hadders. Poseidon, the god of the sea, has two, and then there is a Zeus who is human. Then three men, then three women. A woman is Demeter, the protagonist here, so she is also Zeus' sister. In addition, Zeus has two sisters, one is Hera, the other is Hestia, and Hestia is the kitchen god, just like the kitchen god in China, who is in charge of our civil affairs. Then Hera is the queen of heaven, that is, the wife of the Lord God. Then when Demeter became the goddess of agriculture, she was in charge of agriculture and everything that could grow in spring. It also includes tinkling springs, which are also under the control of this goddess. Therefore, when the goddess cruised on the earth, the vegetation was lush, flowers were in full bloom, and there was a scene of prosperity.

Libra is a small constellation in the east of Virgo. It seems to be a steelyard, so the mythical Libra is this Demeter. She is also the god in charge of human justice, so this scale is a sight to measure good and evil, that is, to measure good and evil in the world. So this maid is also considered to be in charge of human fairness, so Libra is also in charge of fairness, so we said two of the twelve constellations.

Then the third one, I want to talk about Aries. Aries is like this. Aries is considered to be a flying golden sheep, so its hair is all gold, made of gold. So there was a king in ancient Greece. Together with the goddess in the clouds, the king formed the supreme head of state and queen who ruled the country. They have a man and a woman and two children. This story is very human. After giving birth to the child, the king saw another charming beauty. Her name was Enoch. Then he changed his mind at this time, so he abandoned the original queen and married Enoch as his new queen. But this enchanting woman has ulterior motives. She not only wants to be the queen, but also wants to get rid of these two children. What did she use to get rid of the child? Gods need sacrifices, and sacrifices need boys to sacrifice children. At this time, his mother was a goddess in the clouds and was very sad. It happens to be an angel, that is, the god who comes to communicate with God is Hermes. He saw this phenomenon, and he couldn't let this tragic thing happen. So he gave the goddess in the cloud a golden flying sheep and let two children ride on it. So the sheep flew. When the sheep flew over the ocean, his sister couldn't help looking down. Everyone has this experience. If you are at a high altitude, it's okay not to look down. If you look down, you will feel dizzy. Then his sister looked down and fell into the sea, but her son was saved. Then Zeus put the golden goat in the sky to praise and commend this achievement, and then Aries appeared. These stories help us understand these constellations.

Our second story is about this great hero, Hercules. Hercules was a great hero of ancient Greece. In fact, he is also the child of Zeus, the ancient Greek god. So Hercules has many heroic achievements, but I only tell stories related to stars. I think some of Hercules' contributions are as follows: Zeus is unfaithful. He is an unfaithful husband. Of course Hera was angry, very angry, and wanted to kill the child. From the birth of the child, she made it difficult for him to find some poisonous animals to make him think about hurting the child. So when Hercules was eight months old, Hera sent two poisonous snakes to bite the child. But the child had divine power, and even when he was eight months old, he strangled the two snakes. There is Ophiuchus in this sky, so commemorating him is also an achievement. So now the constellation related to Hercules' heroic performance is mainly Taurus, which is a very fierce bison, so Hercules was slaughtered. The second is that the lion is called the Menia lion, so this fierce lion is very powerful, very powerful, so no one can beat it. However, similar to Song Wu's posture of killing tigers, this Hercules strangled the lion. This story mainly shows that Hercules is very brave and powerful. This is a lion.

Another one is a huge scorpion, scorpion, so he was killed, and another one. There is also a crab. How about this crab? Very circuitous. Crabs are rampant, right? It bit Hercules' foot. But this crab sent by Hera is a poisonous crab. It is difficult to spread it after you bit Heracles, so he broke it with a stick. So now in the sky, all these animals are in the sky. Scorpio is a giant scorpion, Scorpio. Leo, the lion of Meniere, Leo is in the sky. Then there is Taurus, and there is the cancer just mentioned. In this case, we talked about four constellations on the ecliptic.

Let's tell a story about mountain gods. The mountain god, he is the messenger Hermes, one of his children. Once, a big monster suddenly appeared at a party. This monster, with a hundred heads, is a serpent. It's huge. All the gods fled in incarnations, but they all fled when they changed. Among them, the god of the forest is a little slow. He tried to run from the river and turned his lower body into a fish. His upper body was in the water before it could change. So, now there is Capricorn. The image of Capricorn is that the lower body is a fish and the upper body is a sheep's head. There was another person at the party who changed very well. Zeus admired Aphrodite very much, so she and her son became two fish, that is, they also escaped from the water. Later, Zeus also put these two fish into the sky. This is Pisces. Aquarius, we can see a beautiful boy holding a bottle to pour nectar, so the duty of this beautiful boy is to pour wine at the banquet. It turned out that the work was not done by him, but by Zeus' daughter. When the Hercules became a fairy, he cleared up the misunderstanding with Hera, the queen of heaven. He also admitted that Hercules was very brave. So she married her daughter to Hercules, married to Hercules, and no one poured wine. So Zeus went to the earth to find a very beautiful person to undertake it, and found this beautiful boy-Ganymetis in the sky. After finding the sky, he did what his daughter did, that is, poured wine. This is the story of Aquarius that we just told.

Sagittarius, let's see. This is a very strange animal. That is, the upper body is a person, the lower body is a horse, and a good horse. This is a unique thing in Greek mythology. They are called "fairy camels". One of the immortals is the child of the God of Time and the Goddess of the Sea. His name is Ke Rong. The image we are seeing now is Keron's image. Kerong has a characteristic that he knows everything and does everything, that is, he is a generalist, not only a generalist, but also an educator. He trained many excellent people, such as Hess Crass. Gemini is like this. Zeus, the god of flower heart, saw a beautiful woman when he was cruising. He changed again when he saw a beautiful woman. This time, he became a beautiful swan. The swan flew to the beauty, who was a princess. Then the princess saw the swan so cute, and finally made out with it, and finally made Zeus succeed. So when she returned to the palace, she gave birth to a goose egg, because he became a swan. After giving birth to the goose egg, two children appeared, that is, the two children we see in this picture. This is Gemini, which means that they are actually the sons of Zeus. In this case, let's tell all the stories of the twelve constellations.

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