Zhongshan, Bai Gui, Zhongshan Wang wants to stay.

"Zhongshan Wang wants to stay, Zhongshan wants to stay" is from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals.

original text

Where the country dies, those who have a way must first, both ancient and modern. The land comes from the city, the city comes from the people, and the people come from the sages. Therefore, the sage gets the sage and the people get it, the people get it, the city gets it, and the city gets it. The husband's land must be sufficient, and people (2) say that their own people are good? Get what you want. Xia Taishi ordered the end of ancient times, showed his drawing method, and wept bitterly. Xia Jie was in chaos, and the riots became more and more serious. A surname turned it into a business trip since ancient times.

Tang said to his ministers, "Wang Xia has no way, oppresses the people, impoverished his father and brother, humiliated his hero, despised his virtue, abandoned his righteousness and listened to his words. The people complained and obeyed the law, so they returned to their old jobs." The more chaotic the history of Yin, the more chaotic it was, so it was published, which was the death of Zhou Dynasty. King Wu said to his ministers, "The Shang Dynasty was in chaos, immersed in debauchery and morality, as far away as Ji Zi ⑤, near my aunt ⑤ and resting ⑤. Da ji is in power, and rewards and punishments are clear. He didn't use the French method. He killed three people. 5 The National People's Congress refuses to accept it, and the law-abiding minister is out of the week. " Tu Youyou, the great teacher of the Jin Dynasty, saw the chaos and arrogance of the Jin Dynasty, so he returned to Zhou with his painting method.

Seeing this, Duke Wei of Zhou asked, "Who will die first in the world?" Right: "Kim dies first." Gong Wei asked him why. He said: "I am better than gold and dare not speak out. It shows that Duke Xiang of Jin regards heaven as a demon, and there are many mistakes in his trip to the sun, the moon, the stars and the morning light, saying,' What can I do?' He also showed that many people are unfair, and all people are depressed and resentful, saying, "How can this hurt?" He also showed that neighboring countries refused to accept it, and the sage did not raise it, saying,' Why not?' If so, I don't know why I died, so I died first. "Three years, the state of Jin died. When Gong Wei saw Uncle Tu again, he asked, "Who's next?" Right: "Zhongshan is second." Gong Wei asked him why.

Right: "People are born in different order. There are differences, the meaning of man is different from that of animals and deer, and the reason why the monarch and the minister stand up and down is also. As a custom in Zhongshan, day is night, day and night, men and women lean against each other without rest, and the song is so sad. Its owner knows evil. This wind of national subjugation is also. Therefore, my name is Zhongshan II. " After living for two years, Zhongshan died. When Gong Wei saw Uncle Tu again, he asked, "Who's next?" It is wrong to slaughter millet. Gong Wei asked some questions. Right: "Jun is second." The powerful force is fear. Ask the country's elders to get Yi Tian's benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and righteousness, get Shi Yong and Zhao Yong's advice, and sue Tu Shu for 39 things.

He said, "Still the monarch!" Yue: "I heard that the country is rich and powerful, the sages of heaven, and the extreme words of people; The death of the country is also the chaos, and the good ones are also. " Autumn, Yi, can not be buried, September, Zhou Nai split in two. Therefore, people who have the means can't help but listen. Zhou Ding gluttonous, Kubinashi body, cannibalism did not swallow, harm its body, with words to repay more. So is going bad. Zhongshan, Zhongshan Wang wants to stay, but leaves; Qi, the king of Qi, wanted to remain an official and resigned.

People ask them why. Yue said, "Both countries are dead. There are five things to learn. What are the five wonders? As the saying goes, if you don't know what you want, you will believe it; If you don't know what you want, you will be famous; If you don't love it, you will get close to it; If you have no food for travelers, you will be rich; If you can't use people, you can't use them for yourself, and you will succeed. If the country has these five things, it will die if it is unlucky. Zhongshan and Qi are here. " You made the king of Zhongshan and the king of Qi smell five things, making them worse and immortal. I don't smell it, but I don't believe it. However, people care about listening. It is not good for her husband to sever ties with Zhao and stay away from the army economically. Is to give up its existence, but to build it and die.

To annotate ...

1 the first knowledge: prophecy. This paper mainly shows that the sages had foresight. When their suggestions were not adopted and the country was doomed, they all left, so as to demonstrate the importance of the king's "good listening" and good use of talents. ② "person" should be "household". (3) After "the end of ancient times", "seeing confusion" should be added. Taishiling: An official in charge of books, sacrifices and astronomical calendars. Death: The legend is Xia Jie's Taishiling. 4 graphic method: books, codes and other books.

⑤ Ji Zi: Shang Zhouwang's uncle. Dissatisfied with Zhou Wang's tyranny, he was unrestrained and pretended to be crazy after being rejected. 6 Gu: Female. Interests: Toy Boy. ⑦ Kill three wrongs: my uncle admonishes me and beheads my heart; Cut off the foot of a wading bird in the cold winter to see why it is not afraid of the cold; Cut open the pregnant woman's abdomen to see the fetus. 8 ratio: recently. Pet-name ruby is more improper: it should be "more improper".

Attending should be "I don't know, so I live, so I die." There should be "zhi" under "suo" Cut: grinding. Lean: Near. Snuggle: Snuggle with each other. The reason why Gong Wei asked him should be added here. Right. " h！ Nɡ: The death of a courtier. (4) (∟): False burial, in which the coffin is temporarily buried underground and buried later. Tāo tiè: greedy beast. Zhong Ding utensils are mostly decorative. Reward: reward, retribution. The word "official" is doubtful and should be deleted. Zhongshan ceded territory to Zhao for peace five times, but it was still destroyed by Zhao in 296 BC. It should be "study the army and talk about the economy from a distance." Distance: Pass "Rejection".

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Whenever the country is going to perish, talented people must leave first, which has always been the case. Land is surrounded by cities, cities are guarded by people, and people follow talented people. Therefore, with the help of sages, a wise monarch can win the support of the people, get the support of the people, get the city, get the city and own the land. To requisition land, we have to go to that place in person and persuade the people door to door? Get to the point. Confused, the Xia Dynasty Taishi took out his book and cried. Xia Jie's stubbornness became more and more tyrannical, and Taishiling fled to the business world.

Tang exultation said: "There is no way to abuse the people, which makes their fathers and brothers cornered, insults their heroes, despises those sages, gives up benevolence and righteousness, listens to rumors, and the people complain, and the minister in charge of the code voluntarily comes to submit." Seeing more and more promiscuous and confused, Yin Neishi fled to Zhou with his books.

Zhou Wuwang was very happy, so he told his ministers: "The king was very promiscuous, indulged in drinking and having fun, alienated Ji Zi, became close to women and Toy Boy, and let da ji take part in politics. His reward and punishment were unprincipled and disobeyed the law, which killed three innocent people. The people were very disobedient to him, and the minister in charge of the code fled to Zhou. " Tu Shu, a great teacher in the Jin Dynasty, saw the chaos in the Jin State and the arrogance and immorality, so he took the book to the Zhou Dynasty. King Zhou Wei received him and asked him, "Which vassal state in the world was the first to perish?" Tu Shu replied, "Jin died first."

Gong Wei asked him why. Uncle Tu replied, "I didn't dare to speak out when I was in Jin recently. So he showed Duke Xiang of Jin that there were monsters in the sky, and the sun, moon, stars and night were not working normally to motivate him, but Duke Xiang of Jin said, "So what?" I also revealed to him that there were many unreasonable people, and all of them were depressed and disgusted. But he said, what's wrong with that? I also reminded him that neighboring countries are not satisfied, and sages are not satisfied. He said, "How can this hurt me?" Like this, I don't understand the reason for the survival of the country, so I say that Kim dies first. "Three years later, the state of Jin really perished.

Gong Wei met Tu Shu again and asked, "Which country will perish next?" Uncle Tu replied, "Zhongshan died." Gong Wei asked him why. Uncle Tu replied: "Being born in the world is different. The difference is man's statutes, so as to distinguish animals from animals. This is how the rank of monarch and minister is determined. Sun Yat-sen's customs are different. They regard day as night, day and night, men and women snuggle together and often have no rest. These people take pleasure in lewdness and like to sing sad songs.

Their monarch did not stop opposing this situation. This is the ethos of national destruction. That's why I said that Sun Yat-sen's country was dying. "Two years later, Zhongshan is doomed. So Gong Wei met Tu Youyou again and asked him, "Which country would like to die with him? "Uncle don't talk. Gong Wei asked him again and again. Tu Shu said helplessly, "Your dynasty is going to perish. At this time, Gong Wei was afraid, and he asked to visit the old people and respected people in the countryside everywhere.

I visited Zhiyi, Tian Yi and other countries and treated them with courtesy. Then, he visited Shi Yong and Zhao Yong and gave them advice on the post of minister. At the same time, 39 harsh laws were abolished. Gong Wei told Uncle Tu what he had done. Tu Shu replied, "After your death, the Zhou Dynasty may not perish." Gong Wei asked why. Tu Youyou said: "I heard that the revitalization of a country is due to talented people who dare to speak out;" The country perished because God gave it thieves and sycophants who disturbed the dynasty. "

After Gong Wei's death, the coffin could not be buried for nine months, and the Zhou Dynasty split in two. Therefore, people with the right path have to listen to what they have said. Zhou Ding has a gluttonous pattern carved on it, with a head but no body. This kind of food melts in a person before he can swallow it. This shows that in this world, it will be punished immediately. This is what happens when you do bad things. Bai Gui came to Zhongshan, and Zhongshan Wang intended to let him stay at home. Bai Gui resolutely resigned and left Zhongshan by bus.

He came to Qi again, and the king of Qi wanted to keep him, but he refused and left Qi. When people asked him why he refused, Bai Gui replied, "These are two dying countries. I learned the phrase "Five Exhaustions" from my teacher. What is' Five Exhaustions'? It is to renege on words and deeds, so that credit is gone; Do not praise good people, so there is no glorious reputation, so that the reputation is gone; Can't care about others, people don't love each other, so that family ties are gone;

People who travel abroad eat all the food, while people at home have no food, that is, no property; You don't use others, and you don't play a good role. This is the futility of functions. If a country has these five situations, it will surely perish and cannot escape by luck. These five situations exist in both Zhongshan and Qi countries. "If Sun Yat-sen and Qi had heard this theory of" Five Hard Reforms ",they would not have perished.

Their disaster is that they don't listen to advice, even if they listen, they don't believe it. It can be seen that the main task of a king is to be good at listening to advice. Sun Yat-sen ceded the land to Zhao five times, and the king of Qi led the soldiers of the whole country to fight against the attack of Yan State in the water source, but neither country had a good result. This is because they gave up the conditions for survival, but delayed the road to extinction.

Brief introduction of the author

Lv Buwei, born in an unknown year, was a patriot at the end of the Warring States Period. Lu Chunqiu Review died in the 12th year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC). He used to be a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). In the process of doing business, he met Zi Chu, the son of Qin who was exiled to Zhao. At that time, the situation in Zhao was difficult. Lv Buwei sympathized with him and thought that Zi Chu was a "rare commodity", so he used money to help Zi Chu get the qualification to inherit the throne. In 253 BC, Zi Chu succeeded to the throne as King Zhuang Xiang. King Zhuang Xiang named Lv Buwei as Prime Minister and Wen Xin Hou. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, his son was made Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang made Lv Buwei Prime Minister. Known as Guanzhong. During Qin Rencheng's reign, he sent troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, captured the land of Korea, Zhao and Wei, and established Sanchuan and Taiyuan East County, which made positive contributions to the unification of China. After Qin Shihuang personally took charge of government affairs, he was dismissed from office and moved to Shu, and died for fear of drinking zhenniao. During the visit to Lv Buwei, there were 3000 diners and 10000 children. He told people to "write and listen" and write books to find a theoretical basis for establishing a unified feudal centralization of authority. These books were finally compiled into Lv Chunqiu.

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a priori knowledge

Yue: If the country dies, those who have a way must go first, both ancient and modern. The land comes from the city, the city comes from the people, and the people come from the sages. Therefore, the sage gets the sage and the people get it, the people get it, the city gets it, and the city gets it. Husband's land is enough for him. Will people say that his people are happy? Get what you want. Master Xia ordered Duan Gu to show his painting method, holding it and crying. The more confused Xia Jie is, the more violent he is. Taishi finally went on a business trip. Tang said to his ministers, "Wang Xia has no way, oppresses the people, impoverished his father and brother, humiliated his hero, despised his virtue, abandoned his righteousness and listened to his words. The people complained and obeyed the law, so they returned to their old jobs." The more chaotic the history of Yin, the more chaotic it was, so it was published, which was the death of Zhou Dynasty. The King of Wu told his ministers, "The Shang King was in chaos, and he was addicted to debauchery and morality, so he moved away, so he stopped near his aunt. Da ji was in power, and the rewards and punishments were not good, so there was no need to use the law. Killing three people was of no help, and the National People's Congress refused to accept it. The law-abiding minister went out to Zhou Guo. " Tu Youyou, the great teacher of the Jin Dynasty, saw the chaos of the Jin Dynasty and Gong Jin's immoral arrogance, so he returned to the Zhou Dynasty with his painting. Seeing this, Duke Wei of Zhou asked, "Who will die first in the world?" Right: "Kim dies first." When asked why, he said to him, "I dare not speak even in the golden age, which shows that it is often inappropriate to regard heaven as a demon and travel with his sun, moon and stars." Say,' What can you do?' It also shows that personnel are unfair and people's hearts are depressed. Say, "How can it hurt?" He also showed that neighboring countries refused to accept it, and the sages did not say,' What harm can it do?' If so, I don't know why I died.

Achievement of works

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals made a summative criticism on the thoughts of the pre-Qin philosophers. The article "Parr" said: "It is a noble person, Confucius is a noble person, Guanyin is a noble person, Ziliezi is a noble person, Chen is a noble person, Yang is a noble person, Sun Bin is a noble person, and his son is a noble person." It believes that these different concepts should be unified. "One rule, the difference is chaotic; One is safe and the other is dangerous. " ("Bubu Er") Only when the thoughts are unified can we "go our own way, be clumsy, and do our best, like a hole. "The process of unification is actually the process of critical absorption. Therefore, Lu Chunqiu reformed, developed and sublated all his thoughts. For example, Confucianism advocated the maintenance of monarchical power, which was absorbed by Lv Chunqiu, but it appeared in a unique way. Advocating the new "son of heaven", that is, establishing a feudal centralized state. It reads: "This week's room disaster, the son of heaven is not seen, chaos is greater than no son of heaven." ("Listen"): "There must be a son of heaven in the world, so there is one, and the son of heaven must hold it, so it is also. One rule and two chaos. " (Zhi Yi)