Are there really dragons in the world?

Dragons should not exist today, but there are many records in ancient China, which may be fabricated out of thin air or totem evolution.

The following are the details:

In the myths and legends describing the portrait of China, the dragon is a magical animal with different images. Representing Yang in the world view of Yin and Yang is a symbol of the Chinese nation and the ancient royal family. The ancestors of the Chinese nation, Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor, are said to have a close relationship with dragons. It is said that the Yellow Emperor Long Xuanyuan's Dragon Map Out of the River (Bamboo Book Year) was born for his mother and turned into a red dragon after his death. Therefore, China people call themselves "descendants of the dragon". The dragon in western mythology has also been translated into Jackie Chan, but the two are not the same.

1. The supernatural in China's ancient legends is also the first beast of September 1st. Legend has it that a tiger must be a snake with scales like fish, horns like deer and claws like eagles. It can walk, fly, pour water, be big or small, hide, turn the tide, swallow smoke and rain in Yun Qi. 2. As a symbol of emperors in feudal times, dragons are also used to refer to emperors and their things: dragon face, dragon court, dragon robe, dragon palace and so on. 3. Shaped like a dragon or equipped with a dragon totem: dragon boat, dragon lantern and dragon cart. 4. The name of dragon is dragon. 5. Dragon ranks fifth among the traditional Chinese zodiac in China. Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu are also called "Four Beasts". 6. Winged animals in western mythology. See the western dragon Chinese character (traditional) "dragon"

7. One of the Eight Dragons in Buddhism. 8. The abbreviation of dinosaur, such as Mamen Xilong China Chinese Simplified: dragon Pronunciation Dragon Sanskrit Nāga English Dragon, loong (Chinese suggestion).

The etymological evolution of editing this paragraph

oracle bone script

Small/small seal characters

regular script

The Origin of Editor Ben Duan Long

The origin of dragons

In China's myths and legends, it is a magical animal with the image of a snake, lizard's legs, eagle's claws, antlers, scales, fish's tail, tiger's beard on its mouth and beads under its forehead. According to Shan Hai Jing, Xia Houqi, Ru Shou and Ju Mang all "rode the rain dragon". There are other secretaries, Zhuan Xu, Lapras and the Four Seas, Di Ku, Spring and Summer, Lapras. The predecessors divided dragons into four types: those with scales, those with wings, Ying Long, those with horns and those without horns. The earliest dragon pattern found in China came from the Chahai site in Xinglongwa Culture 8,000 years ago (Xinglongwa Culture was named after the excavation of Xinglongwa site in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, adjacent to Liaoning Province, and the Chahai site was in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province). Found a dragon about 19.7 meters long, piled with reddish-brown stones. The discovery of this dragon in Xinglongwa Culture pushed the history of dragon worship in China to 8,000 years ago. dragon

In the early days, the ancients could not make a reasonable explanation for most natural phenomena, so they hoped that their national totem would have the power of wind, rain and electricity, the majestic posture of mountains, swimming in the water like fish and flying in the air like birds. Therefore, the characteristics of many animals are concentrated on dragons, and dragons have gradually become "nine unlike" (with the characteristics of nine animals). This composite structure means that the dragon is the head of all animals and an omnipotent god. There are many different images of dragons in ancient books. One of them is said to be slender, with four feet and anticlimactic. Speaking of piercing scales, there are whiskers on the head and five claws. Compendium of Materia Medica says that "dragons have nine similarities", which is a heterogeneous animal with the advantages of all kinds of animals. It has many names. Those with scales are called dragons, those with wings are called Ying Long, those with horns are called dragons, and those without horns are called dragons. The little one is called Jiao, and the big one is called Dragon. Legend has it that it can be hidden, detailed and huge, short and long. The vernal equinox ascends to the sky, and the autumnal equinox dives into the deep, omnipotent. There are "Dragon King Products" in Taishang Cave's Divine Mantra Classic, which lists "Five Emperors Dragon King" by orientation, "Four Seas Dragon King" by ocean, 54 dragon king names and 62 dragon king names by everything in the world. In Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, an altar official was set up to offer sacrifices to the Dragon King. Song Taizu followed the Five Dragon Sacrifice System in Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 108), all the five dragons in the world were crowned kings. Seal Qinglong God as King of Ren Guang, Red Dragon God as King Jiaze, Huanglong God as King Fu Ying, White Dragon God as King Yiji, and Black Dragon God as King Lingze. In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), the dragon god of the canal was named "the god of the dragon king who should divide the water", so that the river chief could pay homage at the right time. The dragon kings in The Journey to the West are Ao Guang in the East China Sea, Aoqin in the South China Sea, Aorun in the West Sea and Aoshun in the North Sea, which are collectively called the Four Seas Dragon Kings. With regard to the origin of the dragon, after long-term research and textual research, people finally reached a relatively consistent understanding: the dragon is a synthesis of various animals and a symbol of totem worship formed in primitive society. The prototype of the dragon has sprouted in the late Neolithic period, and it is a virtual imagination with the totem of Xia nationality as the main body. The ancients had various explanations for this. It is said that [tng] snakes can fly without feet (see Xunzi's "Persuasion"); Those with scales are called dragons, those with horns are called [mound prisoners], and those without horns are called set dragons. (See Li Sao and Guang Ya quoted by Hong Bu. ) The one with wings is called (Wang Note). Some people say that dragons are like dogs and cows, while Lun Heng said, "The image of dragons is anticlimactic." It is also said that the shape of the dragon is the horn of a deer, the ear of a cow, the head of a camel, the eyes of a rabbit, the neck of a snake, the belly of a stork, the scales of a fish, the feet of a tiger and the claws of an eagle. This is obviously the late development of the dragon image, which is more and more complicated than the original dragon, and more and more totems are integrated, indicating that it is constantly enriching and developing. Scholars have done a lot of useful research on the main prototype of the dragon. There are crocodiles, lizards, horses and so on. But it is generally believed that the keynote of the dragon is snake. Wen Yiduo's masterpiece Fuxi Kao was the first to put forward this view systematically. The dragon is a big snake and the snake is a little dragon. Wen Yiduo be[lieves] believes that after the snake clan merged with other clans, it "absorbed many other totem clans (clans), and the snake accepted the four feet of the beast, the head of the horse, the tail of the deer, the claws of the dog, the scales and whiskers of the fish" and became the later dragon. On the basis of Wen Yiduo's research, later generations have done a lot of enrichment and supplement.

Character evolution

The evolution process of characters

In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "dragon" is in the shape of a snake-headed beast with the symbol "Xin" on its head (see the picture on the left, quoted from A Brief Introduction to the Origin of Characters). Oracle Bone Inscriptions's word "dragon" is tangible and vivid, both vivid and highly summarized. First, wild animals are famous for their ferocity, especially those with huge fangs; When layered lightning illuminates the clouds, it looks like an animal's face. The animal head in the picture pays special attention to depicting teeth, giving people the shocking power of widespread indignation and resentment. Second, the snake's body is strip-shaped; Banded lightning is also banded. Third, snakes walk in twists and turns; Banded lightning is also full of twists and turns. Fourth, the snake hides in the dark and suddenly appears; Strip lightning is hidden in dark and dense clouds, and its appearance is more sudden. Fifth, snakes are highly toxic, and one blow is fatal, which is very scary. Many people are even naturally afraid of snakes. Strip lightning is also very deterrent, and the thunder after lightning is even more frightening. When people see wild animals or snakes, they are always afraid. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, animals and snakes are used to describe dragons, indicating that they are a mysterious force that is frightening and awe-inspiring. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, "Xin" means "driven". Oracle Bone Inscriptions's word "dragon" shows that it is a driven force, driven by heaven, and the highest god in the eyes of the ancients. Interestingly, in distant myths and legends, dragons are really driven by people, such as Ying Long, who helped Dayu control water. What is the sky driving dragons for? Nature is what the ancients longed for. Therefore, the word "dragon" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions represents such a concept: First, it is driven by heaven; Second, its sound is rumbling; Third, its image is lightning, with an animal's head and a snake's body hidden in the clouds; Fourth, its tool is the cloud; Fifth, its function is to accept God's will and sow rain. The ancients described the dragon in this way, saying that people were afraid of it, but they could not do without it and were in awe of it.

archaeological finds

The "dragon carving" unearthed from the site of the original village of Chahai in Fuxin, Liaoning Province provides evidence for our "time positioning". Chahai site belongs to the "pre-Hongshan Culture" remains, dating back about 8,000 years. The "Dragon Sculpture" is located in the central square of this primitive village site and is made of red-brown stones of equal size. This dragon is nearly 20 meters long and 2 meters wide. Its first mouth is tilted, its back is bent and its tail is looming. This stone dragon is a traditional writing style discovered by China so far.

The oldest and largest dragon. It is said that there is a ten thousand-year-old fish-tailed deer Longyan painting on the cliff of Persimmon Beach in Jixian County, Shanxi Province, which is considered as the earliest prototype of the dragon. This rock painting has not been published, and its appearance is still unknown. Then there are pottery dragon patterns unearthed in Xinglong Valley, Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, painted pottery dragon patterns unearthed in Beishouling Site, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, and dragon patterns unearthed in Xishuipo, Puyang City, Henan Province, dating back more than 6,400 years. /kloc-in the 1970s, a "C" jade dragon was unearthed in Sanxingtala Village, Wengniute Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. After archaeological investigation, it is confirmed that Yulong belongs to the remains of Hongshan Culture about 5,000 years ago. 1987 A clam-shaped dragon and tiger was found in Tomb 45 of Xishuipo Site in Puyang, Henan Province. Archaeology and carbon-14 determine the age of the tomb about 6500 years ago. According to the research of scholars Li Xueqin and Shi Feng, the clam-shaped dragon and tiger found in Tomb 45 is closely related to the four images in traditional astronomy in China. The reddish-brown stone "dragon sculpture" unearthed from the site of the original village of Chahai in Fuxin, Liaoning Province. The site belongs to the remains of "pre-Hongshan Culture", dating back about 8,000 years. "Dragon-shaped plastic sculpture" is located in the central square of this primitive village site, with a total length of nearly 20 meters and a width of nearly 2 meters. It raises its first mouth, bends its back, and its tail is looming. This stone dragon is the oldest and largest dragon found in China so far. It is said that there is a 10,000-year-old fish-tailed deer Longyan painting on the stone cliff of Persimmon Beach in Jixian County, Shanxi Province, which is considered as the earliest prototype of the dragon. This rock painting has not been published, and its appearance is still unknown. )

New origin theory

People in China have a profound understanding of "Seeing Yun Ni in a Drought", and the photo collection of Chinese painting dragon (14) "Meet the rain after a long drought" is listed as one of the four happy events by China people. When the storm comes, you often write an autobiography with weak thunder first. Almost everything in life depends on rain. Chinese ancestors stood in the farmland where hope was sown all the year round, guarding the withered seedlings, and could do nothing. When they suddenly heard the rumbling thunder from the northern sky and saw the golden snakes dancing in the thick clouds, they knew that rain was coming, and they must be unforgettable and have infinite respect for the rumbling sound. There is no doubt that Chinese ancestors will abstract a concept of tangible (lightning) sound (rumbling) and name it "dragon" with onomatopoeic words, hoping for "dragon" year after year and expecting "rumbling" to bring rain. After the writing appeared, the ancestors created a word "dragon" to express this concept, which was pronounced "dragon".

Editing Ben Duan Long's evidence

The collection of Ruilong Temple in Su Lang District, Osaka City, Japan is now kept in Ruilong Temple in Su Lang District, Osaka City, Japan. The paper-cut dragon photo collection (7 photos) is quite well preserved and has a history of more than 370 years. It is about 1 m long, with horns on its head, a beard on its mouth and huge eyes. Only three claws should be hoses! The hind feet are shortened due to degeneration and have a serpentine back. The whole body was covered with scales, painted with gold paint and made into specimens after antiseptic treatment. Compared with the legendary dragon, it is obviously a little smaller and an immature dragon. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huanglong appeared in Chishui, Wuyang, and left after nine days. At that time, a temple was built for where Huanglong appeared. "Supplement to the Year of the Tang Dynasty" records that one day in the last years of Tang Xiantong, a Qinglong fell in Tongcheng County and died on the spot because of a throat injury. This dragon is more than ten feet long, half body and half tail. The tail is flat. Its scales are similar to those of fish, with double horns on its head, a mouth that must be two feet long, feet under its abdomen, and a red membrane on its feet. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 162), a dragon was found near Taibai Lake, with huge scales, white belly and green back, fins on its back and high horns on its head. You can smell the fishy smell from miles away. The local people covered its body with mats, and the government sent people to offer sacrifices in person. The dragon disappeared after a thunderstorm overnight. It left a deep ditch where it lay. 1In August, 944, hundreds of people saw a black dragon lying on the beach behind Chenjiaweizi Village in Fuyu County on the southern edge of Songhua River. According to Ren Dianyuan, a witness who is still alive, the dragon is about 20 meters long. This animal looks like a four-legged snake, and its face is similar to the dragon in the painting. It has seven or eight thick and hard beards, and the first half of its body is about one meter in diameter. Four paws plunged deep into the beach. It is covered with scales, shaped like crocodile scales. 1953 In the summer, an unknown animal landed somewhere in eastern Henan, and many busybodies walked for miles to watch. According to the shape described by the witness, this thing looks like a huge shark. Its fishy smell attracts many flies. This fish should be a rare fish that lives in the deep sea. As for why it fell from the sky, it seems to be related to the reason why the dragon fell. 1960 In the winter, at the Songhua River in Harbin in the evening, two people heard the sound of breaking ice in the distance. Stop and check, the sound is far and near, and the speed is very fast. I saw a pair of conical horns sticking out from under the ice, cutting through the ice and moving forward quickly. Guess it may be coke. Because there was no machine that could break the ice at the bottom of the river at that time, let alone the inland river during the freezing period.

Edit the picture of Ben Duan Long.

Dragon, in China's myths and legends, is a magical animal, with nine beasts combined into one and nine unlike each other. Exactly which nine animals are controversial. According to legend, the shape of the dragon is "nine like nine unlike", and Er Ya Yi says that the dragon is the length of a scale worm. There are nine similarities in Wang's appearance: his head looks like a camel, his horns like a deer, his eyes like a rabbit, his ears like an ox, his neck like a snake, his belly like a dragonfly, his scales like a carp, his claws like an eagle and his hands like a tiger. It has 8 1 scales on its back, and the number is nine and nine yang. It sounds like a coin. There is a beard near the mouth, pearls under the chin and scales under the throat. There is Boshan on the head, also known as ruler wood, and the dragon can't ascend to heaven without ruler wood. Breathing into the clouds can change water and fire. The other is: "Mouth like a horse, eyes like a crab, beard like a sheep, horns like a deer, ears like an ox, mane like a lion, scales like a carp, body like a snake, claws like an eagle ..."; There is also a saying that "the head is like a camel, the eyes are like ghosts, the ears are like cows, the horns are like deer, the neck is like a snake, the abdomen is like a dragonfly, the scales are like carp, the claws are like eagles, and the palms are like tigers". The formula for drawing dragons handed down by painters in Taiwan Province Province is also quite interesting: "Draw antlers one, shrimp two, dog nose four, lion mane six scales five, snake body eight fires seven and dragon nine". Maybe you can draw a lifelike dragon by remembering it!

Edit this history

Fu Shi, there are dragons, so there is a dragon chronicle, creating words. "Hao Tao Ink": "I want to see the image of the ancients, the moon, the stars, the dragon and the horse, and the insect paintings of China." The seventeenth year of Zuo: "The Tethys family was named Dragon Master because of its dragon discipline". According to the Chronicle of Bamboo Slips, Fuxi Shi has clans such as Qianlong, Julong, Longjiang, Longtu, Shuilong, Qinglong, Chilong, Bailong, Black Dragon and Huanglong. "Twenty-nine Years Left": "The public gave the public a lamb and a robe, so that the dragon was offered to assist Qi Hou"; "Notes" also said: Shun Dynasty "Nanxun country presented Mao Long, a woman and a man, and set up the Dragon Palace. In Zhixia's generation, dragons were controlled because they were ordered by their families. ". It shows that the custom of raising dragons and taking them as family names prevailed in Xia Dynasty. Some ancient books recorded that the ruler of Xia Dynasty raised dragons named Liu, which is impossible to test! "Nineteen Years Left": "Zheng Dashui, the dragon battle is far away from the time." Li Liyun: "Scale phoenix ichthyosaur, named four spirits". "Zhuangzi Lieyukou": "The pearl of a thousand dollars must be in the nine depths, under the dragon's chin." "Zhouyi" dry: the ninth day-don't use the hidden dragon; 92- See the dragon in the field, and meet the adults; 94-still jumping deep, not strange; Ninth Five-Year Plan-flying dragons to heaven, benefiting adults; On the ninth day-Kang Long has feelings; Using Nine-headed Dragons, Ji Kun: On Six Dragons Fighting Wild, the blood is mysterious and yellow. The dragon in Shuowen is a scaly worm, which can be quiet and bright, fine and huge, short and long, reaching the sky at the vernal equinox and diving deep at the autumnal equinox. Guangya is known as the dragon with scales, Ingrid with wings, the dragon with horns, the dragon without horns, and the dragon that does not ascend to heaven. "On the Twelve Zodiacs" says that dragons have weak ears, so they are called dragons. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": Cao Cao said: "The dragon can be big or small, can be raised or hidden; It's cloudy and foggy when it's big, and it's hidden when it's small; Rise and fly in the universe, hide and lurk in the waves. This spring is deep, dragons change with time, Jews succeed and travel all over the world. The dragon is a thing, comparable to the hero in the world. . . . . . "Duke Zhou:

Edit this passage of loong.

Dragon is a miraculous animal in China mythology, fickle, promoting sex and benefiting all things. It is said that it can be hidden and visible, reaching the sky at the vernal equinox and diving at the autumnal equinox. It can also cause clouds and rain. It is the leader of many scales, the head of the four spirits (dragon, phoenix, white tiger and Xuanwu turtle), and later became a symbol of imperial power. Emperors all claimed to be dragons, and their vessels were decorated with dragons. Shan Hai Jing records that Xia Houqi, Ru Shou, Ju Mang, etc. They all took Yulong.

Dragon ". There are other secretaries, "zhuān xū Lapras is everywhere" and "Di ku (Ku) Lapras in spring and summer". Predecessors divided dragons into four kinds: the scaly ones were called Jiao (jiāo) dragons; The winged one is called Ying Long; The horn is called autumn, and the horn is called pool (ch and). For thousands of years, dragons have penetrated into the culture of China society. In addition to spreading the inheritance in China, it has also been brought to all parts of the world by overseas Chinese. In residential areas of China or China, dragons are still the most eye-catching decorations. Therefore, "Descendants of the Dragon" and "Dragon Country" have also been recognized by the world. Dragon is the representative of the Chinese nation! This is the symbol of China!

Editor Ben Duan Long's Classification

A poisonous snake can fly without feet (see Xunzi's "Persuasion"); Those who have scales are called dragons, those who have no horns are called dragons, and those who have horns are called dragons (Hong Bu quoted Sao and Guangya). The one with wings is called (Wang Note). Xiaolong, Keelung, Qiu, are not dragons, and dragons are called black dragons. We can see these different kinds of dragons on the bronzes of Shang, Zhou and Warring States in China. Lun Heng said: "The image of a dragon is the tail of a horse." It is also said that the shape of the dragon is the horn of a deer, the ears of a cow, the head of a camel, the eyes of a rabbit, the neck of a snake, the belly of a slug, the scales of a fish, the soles of a deer's feet and the claws of an eagle. Compendium of Materia Medica says that "dragons have nine similarities", which is a heterogeneous animal with the advantages of all kinds of animals. Legend has it that it can be hidden, detailed and huge, short and long. The vernal equinox ascends to the sky, and the autumnal equinox dives into the deep, omnipotent. After the later development, the images of these dragons are more and more complex than the original dragons, and more and more totems are incorporated, which shows that they are constantly enriching and developing.

Classification by claw

Five-claw dragon (toe)

Before the Yuan Dynasty, the dragon spine had three claws, sometimes the first two feet had three claws, and the last two feet had four claws. Examples can be found in porcelain ornamentation in Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Four-claw dragon was popular in Ming dynasty, and five-claw dragon was the most popular in Qing dynasty. The folk saying of "Emperor with Five Claws, Emperor with Four Claws, and Doctor with Three Claws" in Zhou Dynasty was formed in Qing Dynasty, mainly because of the differences between emperors and ministers in dress decoration. The emperor wears the "dragon robe", while other royal families and ministers wear the "embroidered robe", but this is only the difference in name. From the shape of dragons, dragons and pythons are quadrupeds, and there is no difference in appearance. Trikloron

The dragon didn't have five claws at first, but developed from three claws and four claws to five claws. The evolution of dragon modeling in the history of China can be roughly divided into four periods: First, the period of Solanum nigrum, starting from Yangshao culture, Daxi culture, Qujialing culture, Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture, and continuing to Qin and Han Dynasties, with Solanum nigrum in Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the representative. The prototype of Solanum nigrum is a Gulf crocodile or monitor lizard, which has a bird (phoenix) foot and four claws. It has one foot, two or four claws. In the middle and late Shang Dynasty, dragons and winds met, resulting in six symbols of dragons and winds, indicating that they are the same ancestor. The Western Zhou Dynasty continued to be used, and the dragon was integrated into a new form. At this time, one foot is full, and most of them are crescent-shaped claws. Second, the concept of Ying Long in Ying Long period was very early, which was first seen in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Ying Long, as an art stage, may have started in the Qin Dynasty, flourished in the Han Dynasty and continued into the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Four-claw dragon

Third, the Huanglong period began in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties laid an image foundation and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was mostly three-toed, and in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was mostly four-toed and five-toed. Since the Yuan Dynasty, only the royal family can use the dragon with five claws, and the folk can only use the dragon with three claws or four claws. Fourth, the modern and contemporary after the reunification. Because dragons are divorced from feudal rulers, they can be painted or shaped into three toes, four toes and five toes according to people's preferences. Of course, the five-claw dragon has a special position in history, so people generally prefer the five-claw shape. During the Tang Dynasty, Japan had frequent contacts with China. At that time, dragons in China were all three-clawed dragons, so the Japanese could only introduce three-clawed dragons from China. After the four-claw dragon appeared in China, it had already closed its doors and cut off its ties with Japan. Korea was called Koryo in ancient times, and it was a dependency of China until the end of Qing Dynasty. When the rulers of China began to use the dragon pattern with five claws, the subordinate country could not be equal to itself, so the Korean dragon could only have four claws. In the final analysis, dragons in Japan and South Korea reflect the development and evolution of dragons.

Classification by function

Tianlong, Shenlong, and Lumbricus, Long Fu's Yuan Jian Han Lei, Volume 438, quoted Neidian: "There are four kinds of dragons: one is Tianlong, and the palace keeper keeps the order; 2. Dragon, who pushes clouds and brings rain to benefit the world; Three earthworms, who decide to talk; Four volts hides the dragon, guarding the Tibetans in Wang Dafu. "

Classification by birth form

Divided into four categories: fetal egg wetting. "Yuan Jian Han Lei" Volume 438 quotes the classic: "Dragons have four kinds of wet eggs."

Other classifications

Hu (?): The early dragons were imagined based on the reptile-snake model, often in the water. "It takes five hundred years to become a jiaozi, and it takes a thousand years to become a dragon." It is the embryonic form of the dragon, which once appeared on the bronze decoration in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, but not much. Qiu: Generally speaking, a little dragon without horns is called Qiu Long, which is a growing dragon. Therefore, ancient literature records: "Those without horns are called autumn, and those with horns are called dragons." The other is that the young dragon is called autumn after it has horns. Although there are differences between the two statements. But everyone is called the growing Longqiu. Others call the dragon of Panqu the dragon, and Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has a sentence of "A thousand plays play a sheep's intestines" in his poem "Talking about Qingyun". Panguo: It is a snake-shaped monster of the genus Dragon, an early dragon with no horns. There is a description of "killing dragons without horns" in Guangya. There are also two views on dragons, one refers to the yellow horned dragon and the other refers to the female dragon. There is a note in Han Zhuan that "the red dragon is also a female dragon", so the unearthed Warring States period is decorated with dragons and dragons, which means that men and women mate. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, bronzes, jade carvings, bronze mirrors or buildings were often decorated in the shape of flat flies, including single flies, double flies, three flies, five flies and even swarms of flies. Or as a title card, or as a ring, or as a book. In addition, there are Bo Gu beetles, ring beetles and other changes. Jiao: Generally speaking, it refers to a scaly dragon that can cause floods. According to legend, the water of the dragon can make clouds and fog and soar in space. In ancient Chinese, it is often used to mean that talented people get the opportunity to display their talents. There are different opinions about the origin and shape of jiaozi in classical literature, some say that "dragons have no horns and are called jiaozi", while others say that "scales are called Xiaolong". The third volume of Mo Ke Dao Rhinoceros is more specific: Jiao is shaped like a snake, with a head like a tiger and an elder of dozens of feet. Most of them live under the caves in Xitan, and their voices are like cattle. There is a story in Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty, saying that he went into the water for three days and three nights at the beginning of the week to chop jiaozi back. People often say "dragon", but in fact "jiao" and "dragon" are the names of 1 mythical creatures of different ages: jiao when he was young and dragon when he grew up. Although they all have great power, they are different in essence. There are two prototypes of Xiaolong: one is crocodile, and the English name is Alligator. There are only a few species in the world, such as the Chinese alligator in China; The other is the saltwater crocodile, the scientific name of which is Bay Crocodile. Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty wrote an article offering sacrifices to crocodiles in order to drive away the bay crocodiles that endangered the people in Chaozhou, Guangdong at that time. At present, this crocodile is the largest crocodile in existence, with a maximum length of seven meters. Ceratosaurus: refers to a horned dragon. According to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, "A Thousand-year-old Dragon, a Hundred-year-old dragon five Horned Dragon", Horned Dragon is an old man among dragons. Ying Long: The winged dragon is called Ying Long. According to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, "dragon five has been a Ceratosaurus for a hundred years, and Ying Long for a thousand years", Ying Long is the essence of the dragon, so he has wings. According to legend, Ying Long was the dragon of the ancient Yellow Emperor. It was ordered by the Yellow Emperor to crusade against Chiyou and kill Chiyou to become a hero. In Yu's flood control, the dragon swept the floor with its tail and diverted the flood. This dragon is also called Huanglong, and Huanglong is it, so it is the hero of Yu. Ying Long is characterized by wings, prickly scales, long head, small nose, eyes and ears, big eyes, high eyebrow arch, sharp teeth, protruding forehead, thin neck, long tail tip and strong limbs, just like a Chinese alligator with wings. The image of Ying Long often appears in jade carvings, stone carvings, silk paintings and lacquerware in the Han Dynasty during the Warring States Period. Fire dragon: It is a dragon threatened by fire. The whole body is purple fire, and wherever the fire dragon passes, it is all burnt. Panlong: refers to the dragon that crouches on the ground and does not ascend to heaven. The shape of a dragon is coiled. In ancient buildings in China, dragons coiled on pillars and dragons on decorative beams and ceilings are customarily called Panlong. There is another explanation for Panlong in "Taiping Magnolia": "Panlong is four feet long, blue-black, with a brocade-like red belt, and often goes down with the water and into the sea. Toxic, it hurts. " I mix dragons with jiaozi, snakes and things like that. Qinglong is one of the "four spirits" or "four gods", also known as the black dragon. Ancient astronomers in China divided some stars in the sky into twenty-eight star zones, that is, twenty-eight nights, to observe the movement of the moon and divide the seasons, and divided the twenty-eight nights into four groups, with seven nights in each group, four colors of blue, red, white and black, and four animals, namely dragons, birds, tigers and basalts (where turtles and snakes intersect), called "four elephants". Dragon means the east, blue, the so-called "East Palace Qinglong". In the Qin and Han dynasties, these four images became "four spirits" or "four gods" (dragon, phoenix, turtle and forest), and their mystery became more and more intense. The existing stone relief of the East Palace Black Dragon constellation in Nanyang Han Painting Academy consists of a dragon, eighteen stars and the moon, and is engraved with jade toad. This dragon is the symbol of the whole black dragon constellation. In the bricks, stones and tiles of the Han Dynasty, there are many images of "four spirits". Black Dragon: ① The name of the dragon. "Songs of Chu Xi Poetry": "The larva of the black dragon is on the left and the white tiger is on the right." 2 horse names. The Book of Rites and the Moon Order: "Meng Chunzhi, ... took a trip to the black dragon." Note: "A horse over eight feet is a dragon." (3) the ecliptic Oriental seven nights collectively, namely, tsing lung. Book Yao Dian: "The sun always has sparks, so it is midsummer." Legend: "Fire is the star of the Black Dragon. If you lift it, you will see seven stars." (4) refers to the Tai Sui star. In ancient times, ancient astrologers regarded Tai Sui as a fierce side, so they also referred to ferocious people. Dragon: The dragon lives on the coast or in the estuary. It looks like jiaozi, or it may be one of them. Storks have an incredible ability to see all kinds of visions from the air exhaled by their mouths. Most of these phantoms are pavilions, luxury goods that no one has ever seen. From the window, you can see the well-dressed nobles walking around. This is often called a mirage.

I hope this helps.