Is there a general named Jia in history?

The Jia family in China is a very remarkable family. It's been three thousand years, and it's gone through many vicissitudes. Blood originates from the Yellow Emperor and is noble, and the surname comes from Wu Zhou (1) and grand. Rich foundation and prosperity; Talented people come forth in large numbers, marking history; Brilliant, brilliant.

(1) Important Historical Figures of Jia Family in China and Their Distribution

Compared with other surnames with similar population, Jia's ancient historical figures have a high level of talents and great historical influence, which can be described as outstanding. The deeper I study the development history of my Jia family, the more shocked, excited and proud I am!

Jia was an important figure in ancient history, and Jia was the first king of Jia. Guo Jia ascended the throne for more than 340 years, a total of eleven years. Secondly, Jia Ji, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a great teacher of Jin State and a famous commander of Confucianism, which had an important influence on the history of Jin State.

History entered the Western Han Dynasty. In Luoyang, Henan Province, Jia Yi, an epoch-making great man, was born in Jiafu. He was praised by Mao Zedong as a "handsome genius" and was highly praised by historians, politicians and scholars in past dynasties.

There were two brilliant stars in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Jia Fu, a brave general and politician, who was born in Zhuangyuan County, Nanyang, and Jia Kui, a scholar, historian and astronomer who was born in Xianyang, Shaanxi.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Jia Xu, a military strategist and politician, appeared in Jia's home in Wuwei, Gansu Province, which was comparable to Sean (2) and Chen Ping (3) and was appraised as "a complete plan" by historian Chen Shou. From Cao Wei to the Western Jin Dynasty, Jia Kui, a statesman and strategist who is equally famous with Jia Kui, his son Jia Chong and Jia Nanfeng, an important official in the Western Jin Dynasty, were all famous historical figures. Hui Yuan, a Buddhist philosopher in Loufan, Ancient Yanmen (now Shanxi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, founded the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism.

Jia Sixie, a scientific superstar, was born in Shouguang, Shandong Province in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a rare great agronomist in the history of our country, and was selected as a textbook by Contemporary National Education. There are also scholars and politicians of the same era as Jia Sixie, Jia Sibo and Jia Si.

In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of scholars, writers and politicians appeared, such as scholar Jia, poet and politician and Jia Zhi, and prime ministers Jia Dan and Jia Kui. Among the figures in the Tang Dynasty, Jia Dao, a famous poet in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, was the most dazzling. In the field of literature and art, Jia Dao and Jia Yi represent Jia's highest achievement.

Jia in the Song Dynasty is also very eye-catching. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Jia Xian, a great mathematician who was selected as a textbook today, Jia Huangzhong, a prodigy who later became a politician, Jia Changchao, a great scholar in a high political management position, and Jia Shanxiang, a famous Taoist priest in Sichuan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia She, the famous commander in chief and Jia Sidao, the prime minister of Zhejiang Tiantai resistance to gold, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Anzhai, Hui Zong, Qin Zong and Gao Zong, the top scholars in Xing Wu.

Jia Shaochong and Jia Yi, politicians in Tongxian County, Hebei Province, are heroic and knowledgeable.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Jia was particularly prominent, and a large number of generals appeared, such as Jia Fu, the general of Zhenguo, and Jia Wenbei, the founding marshal. Jia Fu and Jia Wenbei are both Confucian generals. There are also generations of generals from Jatarahun and Jasira. There are also Fujian talented woman Jia Penglai, Zhejiang famous poetess Jia Yunhua, father and son politicians Jia Juzhen and Jia Jun, mathematician Jia Heng, politician, historian and water conservancy scientist Jia Lu.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were Shandong writers Jia and Jia Fuxi, Henan Xinzheng politician and university student, and Shandong Yixian politician and great writer Jia Sanjin. Jia Sanjin, in particular, is the author of Jin Ping Mei.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu, a fu in the early Qing Dynasty and a minister of the Ministry of War, attached importance to the construction of education and culture. Jia Xuan, a famous painter, and Jia Zhen, a university student in Huangxian County, Shandong Province, were an extraordinary brave man. Jiangsu has Gaoyou Jia's talent group represented by Jia Guowei.

The appearance of historical figure Jia is mainly concentrated in several areas. Judging from the proportion of population distribution, areas with relatively concentrated population produce more historical celebrities or talents, and vice versa. Generally speaking, for thousands of years, Jia's historical figures are mainly distributed in northwest China, Central Plains, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and other places. It is most in the north of the Yangtze River and less in the south. Hebei and Beijing are the regions with the largest number of historical figures and talents of Jia surname. Specifically, there are the following concentrated areas:

One is Shanxi. This is the birthplace of Jia people, and naturally it is also a place with many Jia people and talented people. Because of the prosperous population, a representative county-Linfen County has been formed. The county is located in Linfen City, Shanxi Province. In addition to the aforementioned Jia and Jia Ji, there are also Jia Nanping, a doctor of Jia in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jia Jun, the wife of Jin, Jia Hua, a general, and Jia Xin, a family of Jia Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty, living near Linfen. Jia Bizhi, the founder of China's genealogy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Jia Xuan, a famous painter in the early Qing Dynasty, were both from Linfen. Hui Yuan, a Buddhist master in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jia Lu, a water conservancy scientist in the Yuan Dynasty, and Jia Renyuan, a left assistant minister of the Ministry of War in the Ming Dynasty, were also from Shanxi.

The second is Hebei and Beijing. As early as the Warring States period, there were generals Yan Jia and famous businessman Jia She. In the Tang Dynasty, there were scholars Jia Qiong, a famous geographer and politician Jia Dan, the top scholar Jia Leng, a famous poet Jia Dao, a famous historian Wei Jia in the Five Dynasties, Jia Huangzhong and Jia Changchao in the Song Dynasty, Jia Kui in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Shaochong and Jia Yi in the Jin Dynasty. Jia Jia, who was active in the military and political field in the Yuan Dynasty, was mostly from Hebei, such as Jia Fu and Jia Wenbei, Jia Juzhen and Jia Jun. His representative county was Changle County, located in Jixian County, Hebei Province.

The third is Shandong. The Jia family living in Shandong started earlier, at the latest in the Warring States period. For example, after Jia was destroyed by the Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, the doctor Jia Nanping fled to Qi (now Shandong), and Jia Shu, the king of Qi Zhuang, was his confidant and Jia Ju was his guardian. Jia Sixie, Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jia Dunyi and Jia Dunshi, famous ministers in the Tang Dynasty, Tong Jia, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Xuan, a historian in the Jin Dynasty, Jia, Jia Sanjin and Jia Zhen in the Ming Dynasty, all came from Shandong.

The fourth is Henan. Jia Shan and Jia Yi, politicians in the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Hu, a scholar of ancient Chinese classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Fu, a general and politician, and Jia Biao, a celebrity, Jia Jia, Jia Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, Jia An, the champion of the Song Dynasty, Jia Yushi, a college student of the Ming Dynasty and Jia Kaizong, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, all came from Henan. Jia's family in Henan Province formed a representative county-Luoyang County.

The fifth is Gansu. Wuwei county in this province is the representative county of Jia surname. Jia Xu, a famous figure in the Three Kingdoms period, Jia Xuanshuo, secretary of the founding emperor of the former Qin Dynasty, Jia Yi, a scholar and politician in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Jia Meili, a doctor in Mianzhu, Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, were all from Wuwei, Gansu.

The sixth is Fujian. In the Five Dynasties, Jia Yu was a famous minister of the King of Fujian. There were musicians Jia and poets Jia Penglai in Yuan Dynasty. There is also the famous naval educator Jia Ningxi in the Qing Dynasty.

Seventh, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. One is the Jia Sidao family in Tiantai, Zhejiang, the Jia Anzhai family in Xing Wu, Zhejiang, and the other is the Jia Guowei family in Gaoyou, Jiangsu. These points have formed a concentrated group of Jia talents in Jiangnan.

Eight is Sichuan. Jia Shanxiang, a Taoist priest in Peng 'an in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Zikun, a scholar and anti-Yuan hero in Santai County in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Chengmu, a famous calligrapher in Guanghan in the Qing Dynasty, and Hanlin Jia in Quxian County.

Nine is Jiangxi. In Song Dynasty, Jia Zunzu, a scholar and poet, lived in the southeast of Lead Mountain. Jia Jia Village, Sheshan, Gao 'an City, Jiangxi Province, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 120 scholars in the imperial examinations in this village, including 8 Jinshi and 9 Juren, and the highest officials were ministers of the criminal department and the official department.

Ten is Hubei. In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Ren was the governor of Yunnan.

(B) the main characteristics of China Jia historical figures.

The Chinese nation consists of many families. Many families show different characteristics in spiritual temperament, personality characteristics and behavior patterns. For example, there are many generals Yang and Xue, many artists Zhong, many scholars Qiu, and many historians Sima and Ban. After comparative analysis, I think Jia has the following characteristics.

One of the characteristics: Jia is a cultural family. Judging from the more than 300 historical figures of Jia surname consulted by the author, more than 98% of them are knowledgeable and literate. And most historical figures have high cultural literacy. Some people may say that it must be intellectuals who can pass it on to future generations. However, there are two things that many other families can't match. First, more than 80% of the officials are scholars. Those who are literate are not necessarily scholars, and those who can be admitted to the Jinshi or even the top scholar are not necessarily scholars. The so-called scholar refers to a person who has a long-term interest in an academic field, has specialized research and attainments, and writes books. Second, among generals and historical figures, scholar-type generals account for the vast majority. For example, Jia Ji, the second ancestor of Jia, Jia Fu, the founding hero of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui of the Three Kingdoms Cao Wei and Jia Wenbei, the founding hero of the Yuan Dynasty, are all very famous Confucian generals. What prompted Jia to become a cultural family? I think there are two main reasons: the first is rooted in deep-rooted cultural traditions. Jia, whose real name is Ji, is a descendant. Zhou Wenwang is not only a great politician, but also a great thinker and philosopher. He created the ancient book Zhouyi, which is still unforgettable. His son, the last in Ji's family, declined politically, because he was both civil and military, and Jia's surname was Jia, the youngest son. Population genetics has proved that people's bloody temperament can be directly passed on to their offspring, which has an indirect impact on their spirit and behavior. Second, Jia people have formed a tradition of attaching importance to education. There are two widely circulated stories in history. One is that Jia Kui of the Eastern Han Dynasty was born in a poor family and had no money to go to school or hire a teacher, but Jia Kui became a minister who was reused by a generation of literati emperors. How did he learn knowledge and culture? It is "learning through the fence". In other words, there is a teacher teaching students to read in the fence next door, and Jia Kui is eavesdropping outside. So I became familiar with the Four Books, Five Classics and even a hundred schools of thought contend. The second story is that Xie Jia educated his son Jia Huangzhong in the Northern Song Dynasty. He moved his books to Jia Huangzhong every day to compare his height, which showed that the books he read were almost the same height, and he did well. Xie Jia's educational method created the allusion that "works are equally important". These two stories not only prove that Jia people attach importance to education, but also create methods in the process of education. Jia Yi's father is also a typical example who attaches great importance to education. Jia Yi learned a lot when he was very young and worshipped many famous teachers. Therefore, Jia Yi is not only a great scholar, but also a Confucian scholar, a legalist and a current political economist.

The second feature: Jia's historical figures are very top-notch. At this point, many surnames are not comparable, which is worthy of Jia's pride. For example, Jia Yi's political thesis is the peak in history, and no one has surpassed it so far; In water conservancy, Jia produced two great figures, one was Jia Zhen in the Western Han Dynasty and the other was Jia Lu in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Fu's general courage and political ability, which "has the power to break thousands of miles" on the battlefield, ranked among the best in the "Twenty-eight Hostels"; Jia Kui established the status of China's classical studies and made it glow again. Jia Kui also made important contributions to astronomy and history. It is well known that the strategies of Jia Xu in the Three Kingdoms are very prominent in history. Jia Chong and Jia Nanfeng had extraordinary political wisdom in the Western Jin Dynasty. Hui Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the most famous monks in the early Buddhist history of China. Jia Bizhi was the originator of China's genealogy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Genealogy, national history and local chronicles are the three pillars of China history; Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty was an outstanding agronomist in ancient China. Many of his agricultural knowledge in Qi Yao Min Shu is still used by people today. Jia Dan was not only a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty, but also a rare geographer in the history of China. Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has a unique poetic style, and the word "scrutiny" created by him and Han Yu, a great writer, has been passed down through the ages. Jia Changchao was a famous politician and scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. After his death, the emperor wrote on the tombstone: "Great scholar." Jia Sidao was a famous prime minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. A famous clean and capable minister in the Ming Dynasty, a second-class official Jia Jun who won the appreciation of the emperor, and a famous writer Jia Sanjin; When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, Jia Zhen's bravery at Tiananmen Gate in Qing Dynasty was rare in the world. Because the above figures are outstanding, many of them have been selected into contemporary national textbooks for students to learn.

The third feature: the knowledge and cultural structure of historical figures in Jia's works is very complicated. Set a variety of knowledge and culture in one, and become a "three-dimensional" talent. Only when you are rich and honest can you be deeply rooted. That is, the ancients said that "the land is rich and rich, the sky is smart, and it has a long history." Jia people have many talents who are both "profound" and "learned". For example, Jia Yi is not only a thinker and politician, but also a historian and writer. His bird-catching Fu is full of dialectical philosophical thoughts, and On Qin and Public Security Policy are the best specimens of seeking truth from facts. Jia Kui in the Three Kingdoms was both a strategist and an excellent politician. Cao Cao spoke highly of his outstanding achievements in local governance. Jia Chong was not only a famous politician in the Western Jin Dynasty, but also a writer and jurist. In particular, he made laws, simplified them, implemented them conveniently and effectively, and was rewarded by the emperor. Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong in the Northern Wei Dynasty were brothers, politicians and the most famous scholars in North Korea at that time. Jia Sibo is also "a worker, a good poet and a Confucian scholar." At the age of 2/kloc-0, he began to be an official in the imperial court, which was very appreciated by Emperor Xiaowen. He often followed the crusade, and Emperor Xiaowen wrote a will before he died. In the Tang Dynasty, the grandparents and grandchildren of Jia Zhi were not only good at politics, but also made great achievements in literature and poetry. Besides being an official, Jia is also good at poetry and painting. In the Ming Dynasty, Jia Yong was both a politician and a scholar, and even the emperor praised his poems. On Jia Yong's eightieth birthday, the emperor gave sheep, wine and other things, and set up a stone workshop in Dashi Street, named "Tian En Cun Wen". It can be seen that Jia Yong's academic status in the emperor's heart is high; In the early Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu had profound attainments in military, political and cultural aspects.

Feature 4: The most outstanding figures of Jia family are concentrated in political, military and academic fields. Many politicians have exerted great influence in history. Militarily, a large number of cultural generals appeared, especially in the Yuan Dynasty, when the birth of General Jia reached its peak. The research on historical figures of Jia surname has achieved fruitful academic results, especially Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia in the Tang Dynasty, Jia Changchao in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Yong in the Ming Dynasty and Jia Zhen in the Qing Dynasty. They are all famous scholars in history. Relatively speaking, there are many talents in art, but few of them enter the first class. Only Jia Yi, Jia Dao and Jia Yingchong (Jia Fuxi) are unique in the field of art and occupy a certain position in the history of China literature.

The fifth feature: historical figures of Jia surname have the virtue of the golden mean. Most of them are gentle, introverted, loyal, kind, respectful, generous, considerate, wise, loyal and upright, honest, law-abiding, charitable and compassionate. He is cautious in innovation, steady in action, full of loyalty, deeply rooted and typical of Confucian ethics. For thousands of years, Jia people have developed without leading rebels, villains and extremists. The reason for the formation of this cultural spirit phenomenon may come from the role of family traditional education. The good side of this temperament is that it is conducive to survival and is very suitable for development in peacetime; The disadvantage is the lack of pioneering and innovative spirit and adventurous spirit. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the appearance of Jia characters seems to be declining. Is it because of the lack of cultural spirit of innovation and adventure? It is worth further discussion.

(C) China Jia's influence on the history of the motherland

In the process of social change and development, people are the decisive factor. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jia people have worked hard, constantly strived for self-improvement and worked hard, which has had an important impact on the historical development and evolution of China.

The political influence is remarkable. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, many Jia people were active in the political arena, displaying their wisdom and talents in different posts, industries and fields, leaving unforgettable historical deeds for future generations. In the later historical period, the role of Jia surname is worth emphasizing.

Jia Fu's political influence in the Han Dynasty was enormous. There were Jia Shan, Jia Yi, Jia Zhen and Jia Shou in the Western Han Dynasty, and Jia Fu, Jia Zong and Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of political ideas, Jia Shan and Jia Yi echoed each other at a distance. Jia Shan wrote a letter to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, using the lessons of the demise of Qin State to illustrate the way to control chaos, while Jia Yi wrote a book "On Guo Qin" to remind Emperor Wen not to repeat the mistakes of Qin State. Jia Yi's public security policy, in particular, is an immortal article. The central problem of this theory is to consolidate feudal centralization, solve the problem of local power expansion and central confrontation, and finally lead to national turmoil and division. Feudalism began in the Qin Dynasty, and the time from the Qin Dynasty to the early years of the Western Han Dynasty was quite short. As the supreme ruler, the emperor has no experience of centralization, so it is necessary to solve this problem related to the long-term stability of the country from theory and practice. It can be said that Jia Yi was the first politician to pay attention to this important issue. The viewpoint in Jia Yi's article is mainly to suggest that the emperor control the power of the vassals to prevent vicious expansion from confronting the central authorities. Although Jia Yi's point of view was not implemented immediately because of the political situation at that time, the method always took precedence over the actual operation. Later, with the change of the situation, the measures proposed by Jia Yi were actively adopted by Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. In fact, Jia Yi's theory of strengthening centralization not only played a role in the Western Han Dynasty, but also inspired later feudal dynasties. Jia Fu was the founding hero of the Eastern Han Dynasty. First, he led the army to capture Hebei, put down the rebellion in Henan, and then attacked Hebei. Instead, he pointed the finger at the emperor to turn over a new leaf and played an important role in many battles, such as breaking Yecheng, attacking Luoyang and fighting the Red Eyebrow Army. After Emperor Guangwu unified the whole country, Jia Fu was named as Hou of Jiaodong and Shiyi County, which was the largest number of generals. Liu Xiu practiced the policy of "restraining war and cultivating self-cultivation, not supporting the capital by heroes". Jia Fu automatically dismissed the military post and took the lead in advocating Confucianism with Hou Dengyu of Gaomi. "Close the door to raise prestige and learn the Book of Changes." At that time, the hero You Zhu and others recommended Jia Fu as the "Prime Minister". Guangwudi strictly implemented the policy of "heroes don't have to do it", disagreed with the recommendation of You Zhu and others, but still allowed Jia Fu, Deng Yu and thomas lee to participate in national policies, and Jia Fu was the most popular among heroes.

The influence of Jia surname was particularly prominent in the Western Jin Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. Jia Xu, a great strategist, suggested that Zhang Xiu surrender to Cao Cao before the battle of Guandu. Later, Cao Cao fought Yuan Shao in Guandu, Ma Chao in Tongguan, and Han Sui and Cao Cao's successor were all planned by Jia Xu. Jia Xu made outstanding contributions to Cao Wei's unification of the area north of the Yangtze River and his resistance to Shu and Wuzhong. What's more, Jia Xu didn't take credit with publicity. This Confucian lifestyle had a good influence on the later Jia family. Yi Zhongtian, a famous critic of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, commented in Lecture Room: "Jia Xu can assess the situation. He lived the longest and saved his family. This is the real great wisdom. Jia Xu may be the smartest person in the Three Kingdoms period. " Jia Kui, a minister of both Jia Xu and Cao Cao, was excellent in literature and military skills. He became a model of court ministers at that time and was highly praised by many politicians and historians. The Jia family in the Western Jin Dynasty was very prominent, which was inseparable from the foundation laid by Jia Xu and Jia Kui. Jia Kui's son, Jia Chong, was the founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty, and later lived in the same position for a long time. Jia Chong made great contributions to help Sima's political group defeat Cao Wei's political group, pacify many big rebellions and govern the national government, which had a great influence in the history of China at that time. At the same time, Jia Chong's "elegant and long jurisprudence" has created a good experience for the legal system construction of later generations. Jia Chong's daughter Jia Nanfeng had a greater influence on the history of the Western Jin Dynasty. She is the queen of Sima Zhong, the Emperor of Jinhui. Because Sima Zhong was a very weak idiot emperor, Jia Nanfeng imitated the Empress Dowager in history in order to keep the power of state affairs from declining. Objectively speaking, Jia Nanfeng has a considerable level of political skill. During his nearly ten years in power, with the help of Jia Xu's grandson Zhang Bao and other ministers, the political situation was basically stable. Later, because the Sima family didn't want Jia Nanfeng to control the power in the DPRK, they staged a coup, which led to the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty ("Eight Kings Rebellion") and even its demise. Later generations in history criticized Jia Nanfeng too harshly. In fact, it is difficult for many historical figures to judge right from wrong. In the feudal political society, it is completely unscrupulous to seize the highest political power. Whoever wins has the right to explain the truth. The so-called "success makes princes lose the bandits" is the truth.

The influence of science and technology is very prominent. In ancient China, Jia people gave birth to a group of scientific masters, which attracted great attention in the whole Chinese nation. In the field of water conservancy science, Jia Jean at the end of the Western Han Dynasty was the earliest scientist to control the Yellow River flood in the history of China. In view of the causes of frequent floods in the Yellow River in Han Dynasty, he put forward three different comprehensive countermeasures to control the Yellow River, namely "widening the river to control waterlogging". The best policy is to change the flood detention into a river, the middle policy is to build canals to divert water, and the worst policy is to build old dikes. Jia rang also made a comparative choice and evaluation. Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded Jia Rang's Three Strategies for River Management with more than 1000 words in Hanshu. In the gully records, it has a far-reaching impact on the river management of later generations. Jia Lu's achievements in river management in Yuan Dynasty were highly praised by people at that time and later generations. Shun Di awarded him Dr. Rong Lu and Master Ji Xian. He also ordered Ouyang Xuan, a bachelor of Hanlin, to write "Peace Monument" to record the achievements of Jia Luzhi River. The inscription reads: "Luneng did his best, was resourceful, relied on his strong spirit and courage, and did not hesitate to die, and was not afraid of ridicule and criticism from others", "Lu knows river affairs, so this is the case". A Qing Xu Gan once said, "Those who can talk about the river in ancient times are like Jia Jean of Han Dynasty and Jia Lu of Yuan Dynasty". Jin Fu, a water conservancy expert in the Qing Dynasty, praised Jia Lu's method of blocking the crevasse river with a stone boat levee: "Jia Lu's intelligence and wisdom are unparalleled, and his speed of playing ball is unprecedented." In memory of him, there are two rivers in Lu Yu named Jia Luhe.

In astronomy and mathematics, the four-year calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which Jia Kui participated in the revision, has made remarkable progress compared with the previous calendar. There are three important achievements in Jia Kui's astronomical research. First, the statement that the winter solstice is at the beginning of the morning glory is clearly denied, and it is determined that the winter solstice is one of the 214 divisions. This prepared for the discovery of precession (moving westward year by year from winter solstice). Secondly, the ecliptic coordinates are advocated to calculate the orbits of the sun and the moon, and it is considered that there will be errors in the calculation with equatorial coordinates. His research results and suggestions were adopted. In July of the 15th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 103), "Imperial edict was issued to make bronze wares of Taishi ecliptic." Thirdly, it is believed that historians at that time "pushed the new moon, string, moon and eclipse to overtime, with many mistakes, because they didn't know the meaning of the disease at the end of the month", and clearly pointed out that the disease at the end of the month "moved to three degrees in January because of the distance between the street and the moon, and recurred at the age of nine." These important discoveries were confirmed by later generations. There was a famous mathematician Jia Xian in the Northern Song Dynasty. His main contribution was to create the "Jia Xian Triangle" and the multiplication and division method, that is, the positive root method for finding higher powers. This method was put forward more than 700 years before the conclusion of European mathematician Horner. Jia Xian's methods and fame spread all over the world. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there was a mathematician Jia Heng's All-round Collection of Algorithms, which was one of the 20 kinds of calculation books collected in Yongle Dadian. Jia Buwei was an outstanding mathematician and astronomer at that time, which was born in the late Qing Dynasty. His major works include Entanglement and Enlightenment, Intercourse and Enlightenment, Pythagorean Extended Table of Integral, Calculation by Measurement, Book of Ten Years, Algorithm, Ten Arithmetic, Convenient General Book, Full Map of the Yellow River, etc.

In agricultural science and technology, Jia Sixie's achievements in the Northern Wei Dynasty are almost household names. After years of investigation and study, he has written a scientific masterpiece, Qi Yao Min Shu, which consists of 92 volumes and 10 volumes. The text is about 70,000 words, with more than 40,000 notes and more than 110,000 words. The contents include the planting of various crops, the production of various economic trees, the utilization of wild plants, the feeding of livestock, poultry, fish and silkworms, the prevention and treatment of diseases, the processing of agricultural and sideline products and livestock products, the processing of wine and food, and even the production of stationery and daily necessities. Almost all agricultural production activities are discussed in detail. For more than two thousand years, The Book of Qi Yaomin has played an important role in promoting the scientific development of rural economy in China, which is of great significance. Science knows no borders, and Qi Yaomin's technique spread to Japan and other countries, which also promoted the production and processing of foreign crops.

As far as geographical science is concerned, Jia Dan in Tang Dynasty was an outstanding figure in the history of geographical science in China. At the age of 55, he organized painters to draw a map of China people and foreigners at sea, and it took 17 years to complete this huge map of China in the Tang Dynasty. The history textbook commented: "This is another great map work in China after Pei Xiu, which is of great significance in the history of cartography in China and even in the world." This picture is a contrast between ancient and modern times, drawn in two colors. It has two characteristics: first, it pays attention to foreign parts, although it is an interview material, it pays attention to reality and corrects many mistakes; Second, pay attention to the textual research of historical geography. At the same time, ancient and modern place names were marked with different colors, and the place names at that time were written in red. This is an innovation in the history of maps, which was used by later map drawing and initiated the evolution of maps in China. The huayi map in the sea is 3 feet wide and 33 feet vertical, and the scale is 1: 180000. The width is about 10 square abbot, which is 10 times larger than Pei Xiu's topographic abbot map, which shows that the project is huge.

Cultural and academic influence is commendable. Liking academic research, sharpening ideas, pursuing truth and cultivating self-cultivation are the most typical and excellent temperament characteristics of Jia people. There are many literati in the past dynasties, and their writings are rich and far-reaching. Jia Hu in the Western Han Dynasty is an important successor of Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and he is also known as Confucian scholar Liu Xin. He was learned all his life and had many disciples. At that time, Chen Qin, a famous Confucian scholar in China, studied Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals with Jia Hu in An and became a famous doctor of the Five Classics. Jia Biao was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who created official script. China's genealogy is made for the Jia family. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Jia Fu's genealogy experts came forth in large numbers, such as Jia Feizhi, Jia Xijing, Jia Zhi, Jia Guan, etc. They all had a large number of genealogy works. Jia in the Tang Dynasty was an expert on "Three Rites", and Wei Jia in the Five Dynasties was a famous historian at that time. He is a descendant of Jia Dan, the author of Supplementary Notes on the Year of the Tang Dynasty, and the main author of Old Tang Book. Jia Changchao of the Northern Song Dynasty was the great-grandson of Wei Jia, and he was indeed a family of literati. Jia Changchao is the author of "Distinguishing the Sound of the Classics", "Four Seasons of Tong Law" and "Collection of Shu Shu", etc., 122. Today, there are still many scholars studying his "Sound and Classics". Jia An was a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. Good at argument, with 30 volumes of collected works. Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong were famous Confucian masters in the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Jia Sibo was a lecturer, he taught Emperor Su Zong to read Du Chunqiu, saying, "Make a promise, act righteously, but aim high." Although he is a senior official, he is still diligent and can "bend down as a minister." Although you are in the street, you should "stop and dismount, and enjoy it." Jia Sitong is also proficient in Du Chunqiu and wrote Du Chunqiu's Discrimination. He had a debate with Wei Jilong, a scholar at that time, about the Spring and Autumn Annals, with a reciprocating draft of 65,438+00 volumes. The remarkable achievements of the Northern Wei Dynasty laid the foundation for the unification of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was inseparable from attaching importance to culture. Jia Fu, Jia Wenbei and his son, Jia Juzhen, Jia Jun and Jia Lu were all famous intellectuals at that time. Jia Sanjin had a profound influence on his cultural behavior in the Ming Dynasty, and many scholars have studied him so far. In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu was not only a scholar-type minister, but also implemented many specific cultural constructions, such as presiding over the compilation of many local chronicles, establishing academies, running schools, and engraving the stone classics of Mencius. Jia Zhen, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, was "respectful and prudent, and learned well". After his death, he got a shirt, a gift for Pacific Insurance Company, a shrine and a funeral.

Among the main traditional cultural thoughts formed by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in China, Jia people have dazzling constellations in historical time and space in every cultural system. Confucianism is represented by Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism by Jia Shanxiang in the Song Dynasty, and Buddhism by Hui Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Jia Yi, on the other hand, combines Confucianism, Taoism, law, history and philosophy, and is the most dazzling constellation among Jia surnames. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui was known as "learning Confucianism" because of his rich works. He wrote more than1100,000 words, and wrote 9 poems, fu, mo, books, and wine preface, which were learned by "scholars". His representative works include 30 notes on Zuo Zhuan and 2 notes on Mandarin/kloc-0. There are also twenty volumes of Zuo's Long Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period, three volumes of similarities and differences of ancient books in Shangshu, ten volumes of Mao's Poems with Miscellaneous Meanings, and Zhou Guanshi. Jia Kui experienced three emperors of Ming, Zhang and He in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was well received. The history books say that "many people wrote Zuo Shi, and Jia Kui wrote his father's works, so there are Zheng and Jia Zhixue." The author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty said: "Zheng and Jia Zhi studied for hundreds of years, so they became Confucianism." Xu Shen, who wrote Shuo Wen Jie Zi, is the high foot of Jia Kui. Jia Shanxiang, a famous Taoist in the Northern Song Dynasty, occupies a certain position in the history of Taoism in China. He once explained "Ren Jing, the mysterious treasure capital of Taishang Cave" in the Taiqing Palace in Bozhou. Zuo Jie, the producer of Taoist Temple, signed a book with him and was awarded the title of "Master of Realizing Truth by Advocating Virtue". He is the author of The Legend of Youlong, The True Classics of the South China, The Instrument of Emperor Tai Shang Becoming a Monk, The Legend of Gao Dao, etc. Hui Yuan, a superstar in the history of Buddhism in China, was born in a scholarly family for generations. He is the founder of Pure Land Sect of Buddhism. His behavior of protecting the dignity of Buddhism and monks, his rich and powerful spirit, his courtesy to Brahma monks and his merits in translating Buddhist scriptures have far-reaching influence in the Buddhist community. Today, Pure Land Sect is still an important school of Buddhism, which is very active. Jia Yi's academic culture is different from that of experts such as Jia Kui. He is a great scholar, but he has no monograph. Only Jia Yi's new book has been handed down from generation to generation. His characteristic is to apply the culture he has mastered and accumulated to the realistic national political management, which is the concrete application and practice of saving the world universities. We can see that behind a series of masterpieces, such as On Qin and Public Security Policy, there is an ocean of knowledge and culture, which is profound and profound. There is no doubt that Jia Yi's way of understanding things and the cultural spirit shown by his personality have a far-reaching impact on later generations.

The influence of literature and art is remarkable. Mainly Jia Yi's prose and Jia Dao's poetry.

Jia Yi's political essays emphasize emotion and momentum, and use parallelism and antithesis extensively, exaggerating and exaggerating, being frank and imposing. Repeated use of contrast should be set off, logical and incisive. Sun Yuefeng, a famous scholar and literary critic in Ming Dynasty, quoted and commented in Comments on Selected Works of Zhaoming, "The strange words and sentences in the middle are all mixed and jumbled, but they are carried out in a rough and bold spirit, but the readers are unstoppable, but delicate and realistic." Language is influenced by ci fu, and its style is quite a legacy of rhetoric in the Warring States period.

Jia Yi's prose was famous in the Han Dynasty, and Liu Xiang-⑦ once commented that "the three generations of Jia, Qin's intention to control chaos, were beautiful and accessible to the country, although they were ancient and failed in management." Jia Yi's prose embodies the intellectuals' attitude towards life and high-spirited spirit during the establishment of the unified feudal empire in the early Han Dynasty, and represents the highest achievement of political papers in the early Han Dynasty. As for later generations, as Lu Xun said in the Outline of China Literature History, "they are all masterpieces of the Western Han Dynasty, which have a far-reaching impact on later generations." The political and historical essays in the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties were all influenced by it.