What is the best way of urban layout?

Factors Affecting Layout Form The formation of urban layout form is influenced by many factors, both direct and indirect. For every city, it is often the result of the interaction of many factors.

The direct factors that affect the urban layout pattern include: ① economic factors. Mainly refers to the distribution of industrial bases, water conservancy hubs, transportation hubs, scientific research centers and other construction projects and the different technical and economic requirements of various projects; Resources, such as minerals, forests, agriculture and scenic resources, and their distribution characteristics; Energy, water, transportation and other construction conditions. ② Geographical environment. Such as topography, geomorphology, geology, hydrology, meteorology, etc. ③ Present situation of cities and towns. Such as population size and land use scope.

Indirect factors The indirect factors that affect the urban layout pattern include: ① Historical factors. In the long-term historical development process, the city presents different forms in different periods, starting with the formation of the urban core, through natural development and planning and construction. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing was a city with symmetrical central axis and checkerboard road network structure. This was gradually formed and perfected in the historical development of feudal society for hundreds of years. The ancient wall of Beijing was built in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, forming a "convex" wall. ② Social factors. Including the social system, the interests, will and power of different social classes and groups all play a very important role in the location, development direction, planning thought and urban layout structure of the city. /kloc-The radial road in the second half of the 20th century is closely related to the planning thought of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte and his minister Osman. In order to pursue the luxurious style of the city and suppress the people's uprising, they opened up a boulevard, which still affects the overall urban planning of Paris (see Paris Planning). ③ Scientific and technological factors. The appearance of modern industry has changed the layout of the city. Iron and steel industrial cities require industrial areas and residential areas to be arranged in parallel, while chemical industrial cities require a certain isolation zone between industrial areas and residential areas. The emergence of modern advanced means of transportation and communication technology makes it possible for large cities to evacuate organically (see "the theory of organic evacuation") and plan centrally.

Types of layout forms According to the basic characteristics of the plane form of urban built-up areas, the layout forms of cities can be roughly summarized into the following main types (see Main Types of Urban Layout Patterns).

Block layout is the most common basic form in urban residential areas (Figure A: the main types of urban layout mode). This layout is convenient for centralized setting of municipal facilities, rational land use, convenient transportation and easy to meet the needs of residents' production, life and entertainment. In China, there are many towns in the form of block layout, some of which are developed on the basis of the original towns, such as Xiangxiang, Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang. Some are formed with the construction of large enterprises and water control projects, such as Fulaerji and Danjiang. Some of them are combined with the development of production, such as Hohhot.

The pattern of urban layout is influenced by natural conditions or traffic trunk lines, some extend along one or both sides of rivers or coasts, some develop along narrow valleys, and some extend along land traffic trunk lines. This kind of city develops in the long direction, and its plane structure and traffic flow direction are more directional (Figure B: main pattern types of urban layout). There are many belt-shaped cities in China, such as Lanzhou along the valley, Shashi and Luoyang along the river, Dandong, Qingdao and Changzhou along the coast. Urban form is greatly influenced by railway and highway traffic lines.

Circular layout The city is distributed in a circular shape around lakes, seas or mountains (Figure C, the main type of urban layout mode). The ring city is actually a variant of a belt city. Compared with a belt-shaped city, the connection between the functional areas of this city is more convenient. Its central part has created a beautiful landscape and a good ecological environment for the city. In China, the typical circular layout of the city is rare. According to the master plan of Xiamen, the future Xiamen will be a ring city around the bay.

Several towns are arranged in series, with a central city as the core, separated by certain areas, and distributed along traffic lines or river banks and coastlines (Figure D: main pattern types of urban layout). This layout is more flexible, and the spacing between towns can make towns have a better environment and keep close contact with the suburbs. Cities with this layout include Qinhuangdao (Beidaihe, Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan) and Zhenjiang (Zhenjiang, Dantu, Jianbi and Dagang) in China.

Due to the influence of natural conditions and other factors, urban land is divided into several blocks. In urban planning, departments with similar functions and properties are relatively concentrated and arranged in blocks. Each block is equipped with residential areas and living service facilities, and each block is called a group. Keep a certain distance between groups, and contact is convenient (Figure E: main pattern types of urban layout). For example, Hefei consists of three groups, and the green belt wedges into the city center; Yibin city consists of five groups. This layout, such as appropriate group spacing, can maintain a good ecological environment and achieve high efficiency.

Constellation layout Several towns in a certain area are distributed in a constellation around a central city (Figure F: main types of urban layout). This urban layout pattern is influenced by natural conditions, resources, construction conditions and the current situation of cities and towns, which makes the development of industrial and agricultural production, transportation and other undertakings in cities and towns in a certain area not only a whole, but also a division of labor and cooperation, which is conducive to the balanced distribution of population and productivity. Shanghai, for example, is centered on megacities and surrounded by a number of urban clusters of large, medium and small cities.