A little knowledge of direction.

1. Several methods to identify the direction

The direction of Polaris is due north.

The Big Dipper Ursa is like a huge spoon, which is easy to find in the clear night sky. From the direction of the extension line of the two stars next to the spoon, there is a brighter star, the Polaris, which is about five times apart.

The immediate effect must be on a clear day, with a straight skewer, so that it is perpendicular to the ground, inserted in the ground, and forms a shadow in the sun. Put a stone at the vertex of the shadow. After about 15 minutes, when the vertex of the direct shadow moves to another place, put another stone and then connect the two stones into a straight line. The side facing the sun is south, and the opposite direction is north. The higher, thinner and more perpendicular to the ground, the longer the shadow moves, and the more accurate the measured direction is.

The dense side of trees, moss trees and moss crowns should be the south, and the sparse side should be the north. The truth of moss alternates with it. In addition, you can also determine the direction by observing the tree rings. The sparse side of tree rings faces south and the dense side faces north.

The melting snow must be facing south.

2. What are the ways to tell the direction?

The simplest thing is to look at the sun. It is impossible to live without the sun.

In this case, don't be flustered and anxious. As long as you observe the surrounding scenery calmly, you will find that there are many signs to tell the direction in nature.

You can find a stump in the forest and tell the direction according to its annual rings, because its annual rings are always wide in the south and narrow in the north. You can observe an independent tree with lush foliage on the south and sparse foliage on the north.

You can tell the direction according to the ant hole, because most of the ant holes face south.

Where there are many rocks, you can also find a more striking rock to observe. The mossy side of the rock is the north side, and the dry and bare side is the south side.

If it is a starry night, you can tell the direction according to the stars. The specific method is: first find the Big Dipper in the sky, find the sixth and seventh stars along its "spoon handle", connect the two stars into a straight line according to the mathematical principle of determining a straight line at two points, and find a brighter Polaris on the extension line of this line. From the "spoon handle" to the brighter Polaris, it just indicates the south.

If it is in winter, you can observe ravines or buildings to determine the direction. Due to sunlight, the part of the snow that is difficult to melt always faces north.

In addition to the above methods, you can also use a watch to tell the direction: divide your time by 2, and then aim the quotient at the sun. The direction indicated by 12 on the dial is north. For example, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the quotient divided by 2 is 4, and the 4 on the dial faces the sun, and 12 refers to the north; If it is afternoon, it should be calculated according to the prescribed 24-hour timing method; At 2 pm, it is 14 o'clock. Divided by 2, the quotient is 7. Aim the 7 on the dial at the sun, and the direction indicated by 12 is the north.

3. Write three ways to tell the direction.

1, using the sun

In winter, the sunrise position is south-east and the sunset position is south-west; In summer, the sunrise position is north-east and the sunset position is north-west; Around the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, the sunrise is due east and the sunset is due west. As long as there is the sun, you can tell the direction with your watch. Read the time according to the 24-hour system, and divide the hour by 2 to get one hour. Put the watch horizontally on your hand or on the ground, so that the moment of the watch is aimed at the direction of the sun. At this time, the direction of 12 on the watch surface is north, and the direction of 6 o'clock is south. Immediately, erect a pole on the ground. In the morning, the shadow points to the northwest, in the afternoon, the shadow points to the northeast, and the shortest shadow points to the north at noon.

2. aim at the north star with the stars. First, find the spoon-shaped Big Dipper, and extend the interval between the two stars on the spoon C by five times. Then, you can find the Polaris on this straight line. The direction of Polaris is due north.

3. Use the land to judge the location. Independent trees usually have lush foliage in the south, smooth bark in the north, sparse branches and rough bark. The south is generally thick with grass, while the north is wet and covered with moss. For buildings and mounds, the snow in the north melts slowly, but in depressions such as potholes, the situation is just the opposite. The doors and windows of large temples, pagodas and rural detached houses in northern China are mostly open to the south.

The northern edge of the clearing in the forest is covered with grass. The annual rings on the cross section of the stump are generally separated in the south and smaller in the north. In the grassland and desert areas in northern China, many snow dragons and salons are often formed near the north wind and grassland. They have big heads and small tails, and their heads point northwest. The doors of Mongolian yurts on the grassland are mostly facing south. The sparse side of leaves is south, the dense side is north, and the dense side of stumps is north.

Put the pin in a puddle with grease, with the tip pointing north.

4. What are some tips for finding a way?

The problem is to know the way, but you should want to know how to tell the direction, so getting lost and getting lost are two different things.

Lost direction (loss of sense of direction): I don't know how to determine the direction of travel or I can't identify the geomagnetic direction (that is, I can't see the southeast and northwest). Don't know which way to go or can't find the original way.

Getting lost can lead to getting lost, but getting lost doesn't necessarily lead to getting lost. How to correctly identify the direction, the basic methods are as follows: compass (compass) A high-quality compass is essential for outdoor travel.

But remember: the compass pointer points to "north" or "n", which is the magnetic north direction and has a deviation angle from the true north direction. In order to get the accurate compass direction, we need to calculate the digital difference of magnetic declination. Pointed.

5. How to tell the direction

Ways to identify the direction of life:

1. Observe the branches and leaves of trees: the dense side is the south, because the light is always in the south, so the branches and leaves in the south are more dense. As time goes on, trees will grow to the south. However, in today's cities, most street trees are transplanted. Before transplanting, trees may be pruned to leave only the trunk, so it is difficult for us to judge. So don't look at the newly planted tree before judging the direction.

2. Look at the direction of the sun: the sun is due south at daytime 12. From 6: 00 am to 12: 00 am, the sun circles in the southeast and reaches the southwest in the afternoon. According to this law, we can roughly judge the direction.

Sunflowers and other sunny flowers: Many flowers grow in the direction of the sun. Generally speaking, on the grassland, we can judge whether the south is the south by looking at the direction of wild flowers. Sunflower is a famous flower that grows towards the sun, which is why it is called this name.

4. Make your own compass: If you have a magnetic substance at hand, such as a magnet, your problem will be solved. You just need to tie the magnet with a wire and let it hang in the air, and the south pole of the magnet will point to the south. However, if there is no sign of the south pole or the north pole on the magnet, then it is difficult for us to judge the north and south, and we can only separate the east, the west, the north and the south. Generally, there are magnets in the stereo and headphones, which can be removed to make a compass in an emergency.

5. Observe the distribution of vegetation on the ground: Now street grass can be seen everywhere in the street, and there are often trees on the grass. You can see through your own observation that the grass distribution around the trees is uneven, and the grass in the south of the trees is lush and the grass in the north is weak. At the same time, because people like to enjoy the cool in the north of the tree, the grass in the north of the tree will generally be trampled.

6. Snowmelt: Snowdrift, snow in the south is easier to melt. Even on a cloudy day, if you can't see the sun, the snow in the south will melt first, so if you get lost in a snowy place, you can judge where the south is by watching the melting of the snow. If you get lost in the mountains, you can see which side of the mountain has more snow.

7. Custom: Generally, houses facing north and houses facing south have many windows. There are also some particularly rich habits that can help us. For example, bamboo is an important plant in geomantic omen, which is generally planted in the west wall of the house.

6. What are the ways to tell the direction?

Xibele [Master] 1. Use the characteristics of nature to determine the direction. Without topographic maps, compasses and other equipment, we must learn to use some characteristics of nature to determine the direction.

First of all, the sun is the most reliable compass. We know that the sun moves from east to west, while the shadow moves from west to east.

For example, at 6 o'clock in the morning, the sun rises in the east, and the shadows of all objects fall to the west; By noon 12, the sun is due south and the shadow points to the north; By 6 pm, the sun is due to the west and the shadow points to the east. So the direction can be roughly determined by the shadows of the sun and objects.

As the saying goes: "immediate", use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and put a stone at the vertex A of the pole shadow; About 10 minute, when the shadow vertex of the column moves to B, put another stone to connect the two points A and B into a straight line, which points to the east-west direction, with the direction perpendicular to the AB line as the north-south direction, the end facing the sun as the south, and the opposite direction as the north (Figure 5). According to this method to determine the direction, the higher, thinner and more vertical to the ground, the longer the shadow moves, the more accurate the direction will be.

Especially around noon 12. For example, the shadow lengths of 1 1: 30 and 12: 30 are almost equal, and the connecting line of vertices just points to the east-west direction, and the vertical line of the connecting line can also accurately point out the north-south direction.

The earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, 1 hour rotation 15 degrees, and the hour hand of a watch is always twice as fast as the sun. According to this principle, the position can be roughly determined by the watch and the sun. At 6 o'clock in the morning, the sun is in the east and the shadow points to the west. At this time, the hour hand on the watch points to the sun, and the word "12" on the dial points to the west. If the dial is rotated by 90 degrees, the 6 o'clock position is half, so that the "3" on the dial faces the sun and the "12" points to the north. At noon, 12, the sun is in the south. If 12 is folded in half so that the character "6" on the dial faces the sun, the character "12" still refers to the north (Figure 6).

According to this method, the local time difference should be considered. Time conversion should be set to local time.

Take east longitude 120 degrees as the line, east longitude 15 degrees, Beijing time plus 1 hour, west longitude 15 degrees, and Beijing time minus 1 hour as the local time. If the geographical coordinate of Urumqi is 87 degrees 40 minutes east longitude, then (120-87) ÷ 15 = 2 hours and 9 minutes, Beijing time minus 2 hours and 9 minutes, it is the local time in Urumqi.

Taiwan Province Chiayi, Nan 'ao Island, Guangdong Shantou Northeast, Guangxi Wuzhou, Yunnan Gejiu South of the Tropic of Cancer (23 degrees 27 minutes north latitude) can not use the above two methods in summer. By the way, we know that the relative position of the earth and the sun has moved 15 during the rotation of the earth, and we can roughly determine the direction with the watch and the sun.

On the contrary, we can also use the compass and the sun to measure the approximate time. The method is to point to the north with a compass, and the reading of the sun position can be divided by 15.

China is based on Beijing time, Beijing is on the east longitude 120 line, and other areas should be corrected according to the longitude difference, that is, the correct solar time. As the saying goes, "Everything grows on the sun", and the heat energy of the sun has formed many characteristics of indirect direction judgment in nature.

After mastering these characteristics, even on a cloudy day without the sun, you can still judge the direction accordingly. For example, the grass in the south near stumps, trunks and boulders grows tall and lush, and the grass in the south withers and turns yellow faster in winter.

Bark is generally smooth in the south and rough in the north (there are many cracks and uneven bumps on the bark). This phenomenon is most obvious in birch trees.

The bark of birch in the south is lighter and more elastic than that in the north. In summer, the gum from the trunk of pine, cypress and fir trees is more in the south than in the north, and it is caked.

The secondary bark covering the trunk of pine trees formed earlier in the north than in the south and developed higher upward. This phenomenon is more prominent when the bark swells and turns black after rain. In autumn, the south-facing side of fruit trees has dense branches and leaves and many fruits, especially apples, red dates, persimmons, hawthorn, lychee and citrus.

When the fruit is ripe, it is dyed to the south side first. Ant nests near trees and shrubs are always in the south of trees and shrubs.

Moss growing on stones likes humidity and is not resistant to sunlight, so mosses generally grow on the north side of stones. The leaves of Mongolian chrysanthemum and wild lettuce on the grassland point north and south.

In the mountainous and hilly areas of northern China, dense arbor forests mostly grow on shady slopes, while shrub forests mostly grow on sunny slopes. This is due to the slow evaporation of water on shady slopes and good soil and water conservation, so vegetation restoration is faster than that on sunny slopes, and it is easy to form forests.

Judging from the tree habits, fir and spruce grow well on the northern slope, while Pinus massoniana, Pinus armandii, birch and poplar grow mostly on the southern slope. In spring, the first side of snow melts facing south and the second side melts facing north.

In deep pits and depressions, the snow in the north melts earlier in the sun. Most rivers in the permafrost regions in the north are gentle in the north and steep in the south.

In addition, most temples, pagodas and general houses face south. The gate of the * * * Temple faces east (the worshippers face west).

Polaris is usually used to determine direction at night. Looking for Polaris, we must first find Ursa Major (commonly known as the Big Dipper), because it always keeps a certain position relationship with Polaris and keeps spinning.

After the Big Dipper was found, it extended to the spoon mouth along the connecting line of two stars A and B on the spoon side, which was about five times the distance between the two stars A and B, and there was a brighter star, namely Polaris. In the area south of 40 degrees north latitude, the Big Dipper often rotates below the horizon, especially at dusk in winter, which is often invisible.

At this time, we should look for the North Star according to the Hou Xian constellation opposite the Big Dipper. Hou Xian constellation consists of five stars with brightness similar to that of the Big Dipper, forming a "W" shape.

In front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, about twice the width of the whole gap, you can find the Polaris. In the area south of 23 degrees north latitude, you can use the Southern Cross to determine the direction of the first half of the year.

The Southern Cross is mainly composed of four bright stars connected diagonally to form a cross. It extends downward along the connecting line between two stars A and B, and it is located due south, which is about four and a half times the distance between the two stars.

You can also use the moon to determine the direction at night. The moon rises and sets regularly.

The moon rises 48-50 minutes later than the previous day. For example, on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar 18, the moon rises in the east.

On the twentieth day of the lunar calendar,

7. How many ways can you tell the direction?

1. Using the sun, the sunrise position in winter is southeast and the sunset position is southwest; In summer, the sunrise position is north-east and the sunset position is north-west; Around the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, the sunrise is due east and the sunset is due west.

As long as there is the sun, you can tell the direction with your watch. Read the time according to the 24-hour system, and divide the hour by 2 to get one hour.

Put the watch horizontally on your hand or on the ground, so that the moment of the watch is aimed at the direction of the sun. At this time, the direction of 12 on the watch surface is north, and the direction of 6 o'clock is south. Immediately, erect a pole on the ground. In the morning, the shadow points to the northwest, in the afternoon, the shadow points to the northeast, and the shortest shadow points to the north at noon.

2. aim at the north star with the stars. First, find the spoon-shaped Big Dipper, and extend the interval between the two stars on the spoon C by five times. Then, you can find the Polaris on this straight line. The direction of Polaris is due north.

3. Use the features to judge the orientation. Independent trees usually have lush foliage in the south, smooth bark in the north, sparse branches and rough bark.

The south is generally thick with grass, while the north is wet and covered with moss. For buildings and mounds, the snow in the north melts slowly, but in depressions such as potholes, the situation is just the opposite.

The doors and windows of large temples, pagodas and rural detached houses in northern China are mostly open to the south. The northern edge of the clearing in the forest is covered with grass.

The annual rings on the cross section of the stump are generally separated in the south and smaller in the north. There are often many snow dragons and salons near the grasslands and desert areas in northern China. They have big heads and small tails, and their heads point northwest.

The doors of Mongolian yurts on the grassland are mostly facing south. One side of the sparse leaves is south, the other side is the dense annual rings of north stumps, and the other side is the north needle stained with oil and placed in a puddle, with its tip pointing north 1. The sunny side (that is, facing south) of a single tree is lush, and the shady side (that is, facing north) is sparse.

2. In the dense forest, the south of the rock is dry, while the north of the rock is wet and covered with moss. 3. Peach trees and pine trees secrete gum mostly in the south.

4. Tree rings of stumps are sparse in the southern half and dense in the northern half. The part of snow that is difficult to melt, such as ravines or rocks, is always in the north direction.

6. Ants' caves are mostly in the south of big trees, and the holes face south. 7. Some natural villages are generally concentrated on the south side of the mountain, and most of the gates face south.

Generally, ancient temples, pagodas, ancestral halls and other buildings face south. 8. If you can see the stars in the sky at night, as long as you find the Big Dipper, you can find the bright Polaris along the extension line of the spoon handle, and the direction of Polaris is the true north direction.

On a flat land, a trunk with a length of 1 m stands upright. Mark the position of the shadow and mark the top with a stone or stick (Figure A).

/kloc-After 0/5 minutes, mark the new projected position of the top of the trunk on the ground (Figure B). The connection between two points will give you the east-west direction-mark the west first.

The north-south direction is perpendicular to the connecting line. This method is suitable for any latitude and longitude area, any time of the day, as long as there is sunshine.

It can be used to detect the direction of your movement. Shadow Clock Method (2) If you have time, you can use another more accurate method-mark the first vertex of the shadow in the morning, and make an arc with the point where the trunk falls as the center and the length of the shadow as the radius. With the arrival of noon, the shadow will gradually shorten and move, and in the afternoon, the shadow will gradually lengthen, marking the intersection of the vertex and arc point of the shadow, and the connection between these two points on the arc will provide you with accurate east-west direction.

Traditional watches have an hour hand and a minute hand, which can be used to determine the direction, provided that it indicates the accurate local time (not adjusted for daylight saving time, nor is it a unified standard time across time zones). The farther away from the equator, the more reliable this method is, because it is difficult to confirm the direction accurately if the sunlight is almost direct.

Northern Hemisphere: Place the watch horizontally, with the hour hand pointing to the sun, and the bisector of the angle between the hour hand and the 12 point scale is the north-south direction. See the figure below.

Southern Hemisphere: Place the watch horizontally, with the 12 scale pointing to the sun, and the bisector of the angle between the hour hand and the 12 scale is the north-south direction. See the figure below.

Night: Observe the moon: The moon itself does not shine, but what we can observe is the sunlight reflected by the moon. When it orbits the earth in a period of a little more than 28 days, it looks different from the earth because of its different relative positions.

If the moon and the sun are on the same side, you can't see the moonlight, which is called "new moon", and then rotate counterclockwise, gradually reflecting the sun and becoming a full moon. If the moon rises before the sun, the illuminated side is in the west.

If the moon rises after the sun, the "glowing" side is in the east. This method looks simple, but it can't be used to judge all the time. The most common method is to judge the direction by observing the stars.

Observing Stars: Northern Hemisphere: There are many constellations that can be observed in the northern hemisphere, among which Polaris is almost directly facing the north. The Big Dipper includes Ursa Major (A), Cassiopeia (B) and Orion (C), which revolve around the North Star (D).

Among them, Ursa major and Cassiopeia are not falling constellations and are easy to identify. According to different latitudes, these constellations rise at different times. If you are near the equator, Orion is a very useful constellation.

In different ways, each constellation can be used to check and determine the position of the North Star, but once the North Star is determined, it is not necessary to check all of them. The line between Cassiopeia and the handle of Ursa major crosses the North Pole.

8. Are there any ways to understand the basic common sense of direction?

Determine the position

1. Use the characteristics of nature to determine the direction.

In the absence of topographic maps, compasses and other equipment, we should learn to use some characteristics of nature to determine the direction.

First of all, the sun is the most reliable compass.

We know that the sun moves from east to west, while the shadow moves from west to east. For example, at 6 o'clock in the morning, the sun rises in the east, and the shadows of all objects fall to the west; By noon 12, the sun is due south and the shadow points to the north; By 6 pm, the sun is due to the west and the shadow points to the east. So the direction can be roughly determined by the shadows of the sun and objects.

As the saying goes: "immediate", use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and put a stone at the vertex A of the pole shadow; About 10 minute, when the shadow vertex of the column moves to B, put another stone to connect the two points A and B into a straight line, which points to the east-west direction, with the direction perpendicular to the AB line as the north-south direction, the end facing the sun as the south, and the opposite direction as the north (Figure 5).

According to this method to determine the direction, the higher, thinner and more vertical to the ground, the longer the shadow moves, the more accurate the direction will be. Especially around noon 12. For example, the shadow lengths of 1 1: 30 and 12: 30 are almost equal, and the connecting line of vertices just points to the east-west direction, and the vertical line of the connecting line can also accurately point out the north-south direction.

The earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, 1 hour rotation 15 degrees, and the hour hand of a watch is always twice as fast as the sun. According to this principle, the position can be roughly determined by the watch and the sun. At 6 o'clock in the morning, the sun is in the east and the shadow points to the west. At this time, the hour hand on the watch points to the sun, and the word "12" on the dial points to the west. If the dial is rotated by 90 degrees, the 6 o'clock position is half, so that the "3" on the dial faces the sun and the "12" points to the north. At noon, 12, the sun is in the south. If 12 is folded in half so that the character "6" on the dial faces the sun, the character "12" still refers to the north (Figure 6).

According to this method, the local time difference should be considered. Time conversion should be set to local time. Take east longitude 120 degrees as the line, east longitude 15 degrees, Beijing time plus 1 hour, west longitude 15 degrees, and Beijing time minus 1 hour as the local time. If the geographical coordinate of Urumqi is 87 degrees 40 minutes east longitude, then (120-87) ÷ 15 = 2 hours and 9 minutes, Beijing time minus 2 hours and 9 minutes, it is the local time in Urumqi.