The invention of ancient Egypt

The ancient pyramids are definitely the top of the invention of ancient Egypt. They belong to the most amazing buildings in the world. It is a geometric entity with a square base and four equal triangular sides. Throughout history, they are mainly tombs of kings and religious temples. They are far away from big cities and take decades to walk.

In 2600 BC, the Pyramid of Giza (also known as pyramid of khufu, the tomb of Queen Hetifelis) was the largest pyramid. It consists of the following parts: the main tomb (the king's room), which contains the sarcophagus holding Mrs. Hu's body; There are hieroglyphs on the wall, depicting all aspects of Egyptian history as decoration; Reduce the weight of the chamber to prevent it from collapsing; The gallery has a large passage connecting rooms and a ventilation shaft as an exit.

2. hieroglyphics

Archaeological findings show that Egyptian hieroglyphics may be the oldest writing form. From about 3300 BC. Together with Mesopotamia, the Egyptians were the first people to develop their language into an assembly form. The early form was a picture.

Although their writing time has changed, they deliberately keep the pictographic pictures in the original form. Papyrus paper is the earliest material used as paper, except stone, wood and so on. Papyrus was exported to the Mediterranean, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. They use a mixture of vegetable gum and beeswax to make black ink for writing. A great progress in history was 1753, when Napoléon Bonaparte made an expedition to Egypt, he found the Rosetta Stone in the Nile Delta. This is very important for the decryption of hieroglyphics.

mother

In ancient Egypt, they believed in many gods and goddesses. Besides, they believed in the afterlife. Therefore, when a king (Pharaoh) dies, his vitality will leave his body, but only temporarily. On the other hand, Ba is a person's spirit. It is important to keep healthy, because the spirit will recover. In order to achieve this goal, the ancient Egyptians created a process called mummification to protect the body from decay after death. With palm wine and water, carefully remove all internal organs and put them in a jar except the heart.

Is considered to be the essence of this person. Each organ has a different jar. There are four jars: one for stomach, one for intestine, one for lung and one for liver. These are important organs. Put them back into the body after washing, drying and packaging. The jar is placed on the body. After this process, the body was wrapped in linen and placed in a special tomb in the Egyptian pyramids. They are placed with hidden ornaments (called amulets) to protect them from evil. There is a myth that all graves will put a curse on those who enter. The most famous mummy mask belongs to King Tutankhamun, also known as Tutankhamun, and was found in 1922.

mathematics

In history books, Greeks are sometimes praised for inventing mathematics. They are good at math and astronomy, but the fact is that they learned this from the Egyptians. The main difference is that Egyptian geometry and arithmetic are mainly used for practical applications: surveying, commercial transactions, how to build pyramids and cut rocks. Mathematics is not considered as a theoretical science.

In Egyptian schools, the curriculum includes physical education, but for those who intend to continue their studies, the emphasis is on writing (training characters) and mathematics. It is believed that the Egyptians introduced the earliest basic number system of 10 at least as early as 2700 BC (even before that). The oldest mathematical document in ancient Egypt is the Moscow papyrus discovered around 2000 BC. The ancient Greeks later developed and improved what was invented in Egypt.

Around 2600 BC, the ancient Egyptians made the world's first papyrus. Feng Jicai described the production process in detail in the article "Papyrus and the oldest paper painting": "The paper used by the ancient Egyptians for this paper painting ... is directly taken from an aquatic plant growing in the Nile Delta, and its name is Papyrus.

The Pyramid of the Sphinx is a huge triangular building made of big stones, which is the tomb of Pharaoh. Because the ancient Egyptians lived and farmed on both sides of the Nile, the pyramids were mainly built in desert areas. During the 900 years from 2700- 1800 BC, it is estimated that the ancient Egyptians built more than 80 pyramids. The Great Pyramid was built from 2589 to 2566 BC. It is the largest pyramid and was built for Pharaoh Khufu.

Astronomy Ancient Egypt had a considerable level of astronomical knowledge. By observing the movement of the sun and Alpha Canis (Sirius, which means "Sob" in ancient Egypt), they made a calendar, namely Coptic calendar. The ancient Egyptians set a year as 365 days, 12 months a year, 30 days a month, and the remaining 5 days were festivals. The practice of using the solar calendar in ancient Egypt was the earliest in the world, and this calendar is similar to what we use today. The ancient Egyptians divided the year into three seasons, each with four months. They also invented the water clock and sundial (that is, counting by the reflection of the sun), which divided the day into 24 hours. Archaeological findings show that ancient Egyptians knew many constellations, such as Cygnus, Capricorn, Cassiopeia, Orion, Scorpio, Aries and the Pleiades. In addition, the ancient Egyptians also divided the zodiac stars and constellations into 36 groups, and added ten-day stars to the calendar, with a ten-day period of 10 days, which is similar to the concept of ten-day in the China lunar calendar. The concept of Xunxing appeared at least in the third dynasty of Egypt.