Common sense of medieval literature

1. China literature common sense literature common sense

1. The first poetess was Cai Yan. 2. The first biography is Historical Records. 3. The first dictionary is Erya. The first encyclopedia is Yongle Dadian. 5. The first collection of poems is The Book of Songs. 6. The first anthology is Zhaoming Wenwen. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese: Sou Ji Shen (1 1), the first book of quotations: The Analects of Confucius (12), the first chronological history book: Chunqiu (13), and the first chronological history book: Hanshu (65438+). Yuefu: Mulan Poetry Peacock flies southeast, and Yin is the three wonders of Yuefu (17), two treasures of history: Historical Records, Purple Sword (18), and the second beat: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19, Li Bai, Du Fu. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou 23, Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liangzhuan 24, Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang (talking about Zhou Wenwang) 25, Sanshan: Penglai Abbot Yingzhou 26, Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism 27, Sangong: Zhou Zeus: Sima, Situ and Sikong Xihan. Three Gu Lou in Jiangnan: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, Nanchang Pavilion 3 1, Three Friends in Cold Door: Song, Zhu, Mei 32, Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng, Jing 33, Sanyuan Scientific Research: after having obtained the provincial examination, the imperial examination, the first son (,Huiyuan, champion) 34, and the three Ding Jia in the imperial examination: Guo Moruo's trilogy Goddess: The Rebirth of Goddess: Flower of Xiang Lei Tang No.41; Mao Dun's trilogy "Erosion": the trilogy of disillusionment and vacillation in rural pursuit: the harvest of spring silkworm in autumn and winter is still 42; Ba Jin's love trilogy: fog, rain, electricity and torrent trilogy: home. The first historical essay dedicated to personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words) 48. The first monograph on literary criticism: Essays on Canon (Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism. A comprehensive academic work written in the form of notes-Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, page 53: The first diary travel notes: the travel notes of Xu Hongzu and Xu Xiake in the Ming Dynasty, page 54; The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao 55; The Book of Songs: Style, Elegance and Vulgarity, and Ode.

56. In the history of literature, "How many people know Nalan's heart when everyone is singing" Thinking of Drinking Water "?" It's about Nalan Rong Ruo, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty. Common sense of literature 1, China's first satirical novel: Wu's The Scholars 2, China's first translation of evolution: Huxley's Evolution translated by Yan Fu who never knew a foreign language but became a translator.

3. China's first collection of China classical short stories created by individuals: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio 4. China's first modern vernacular novel is Diary of a Madman 5. The first writer who opened up the "fairy tale garden" was Ye Shengtao. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West 7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Contract Worker 8. New China was first awarded the title of "People's Artist". Longxugou 9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism 10, and the two representatives of Confucianism were Kong Qiu and Mencius, who were regarded as the most holy and the second holy respectively. 1 1. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, frontier poets represented by Gao Shi and pastoral poets represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran appeared. As far as style is concerned, the former is heroic and the latter is unpretentious.

The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao. 13, the "May 4th" New Culture Movement held high two banners: opposing old ethics, advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature. 14, Two Diaries of a Madman >:> The authors are: Russian Nikolai Gogol and China Luxun 15. There are two great epics in world literature: Iliad and Odyssey 16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (who knows a lot), Dharma (what Buddha says) and Monk (who inherits or preaches teachings). 17. Four virtues and three obedience, three virtues and three obedience: unmarried.

The third Geng day in summer is the first day of the first stay, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the intermediate stay, and the first Geng day after the autumn festival is the first day of the last stay. The first stay is ten days, the last stay is ten days, and the middle stay is ten days and twenty days.

19. Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: father as son, husband as wife, and five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. 20. Three aunts and six grandmothers: nuns, Taoist priests and six grandmothers: matchmakers, grandmothers, medicine women and midwives. 2 1. Three emperors and five emperors. Wuyue: Dongyue Taishan Nanyue Hengshan Xiyue Huashan Beiyue Hengshan Zhongyue Songshan 24. Three Sacrifices: Sacrifice cows, sheep and pigs (too prisoners) (if there are no cows, there will be fewer prisoners) 25. Three unifications: the principle of drama creation formulated by European classical generalized drama theorists is the same place, the same time and the same plot.

2. Common sense of China's classical literature

Common sense of ancient literature in China.

Tao Yuanming, whose real name is Qian and his character is Ming, is Mr. Jingjie, who calls himself Mr. Wuliu, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the first pastoral poet in China. Prose includes Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, and poetry includes Drinking in the Garden.

Gan Bao, the word rises. Historians and writers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote China's first collection of mythical (mysterious) novels, Searching for the Gods.

Ye Fan, Zi, was a historian and essayist in the Southern Song Dynasty. Le Yangzi's Wife and Zhang Hengchuan are selected from his Book of the Later Han Dynasty, namely the Eastern Han Dynasty. "People with lofty ideals don't drink water from stolen springs, and honest people don't take food from stolen springs" comes from his book "Later Han Dynasty? Biography of women

Liu Yiqing was a novelist in the Song Dynasty in China, and he wrote China's first collection of notes and novels, Shi Shuo Xin Yu. This is a note novel that records anecdotes of characters in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many stories in the book have become allusions and themes of poems, novels and plays, and some have become common idioms, such as "looking at plums to quench thirst", "infatuation" and "glib tongue".

Liu Xie, Zi Yanhe, a literary theorist in the Southern Liang Dynasty, has written 50 monographs on Chinese literary theory, covering many problems in his creation.

Li Daoyuan, Zi Ziliang, was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Written in 40 volumes, Notes on Water Classics is a geographical chronicle with literary value.

Zhong Rong, Zi Zhongwei, a literary critic in the Southern Liang Dynasty, is the author of the first monograph on poetry theory in China.

4. Works of writers in Tang Dynasty

Wang Bo, Zi Zi 'an, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote a poem "Farewell to Du Fu DuDu" and later went to Shu (Five Laws). The famous article "Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion". The author of Wang Zian's works.

Yang Jiong, the first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, was famous for "joining the army".

Lu, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, was a representative of Chang 'an in ancient times.

Luo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by Political Prisoners Listening to Cicada, and there is another famous work, Qiuwuban, whose anthology is Linhai Collection.

He, Zi Jizhen, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The book "Back to Hometown" (The Four Wonders) is a masterpiece.

Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. His "Liangzhou Ci" and "Dengque Lou" are the treasures of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.

Meng Haoran was an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty. Passing through Old Villages (Five Methods) depicts the pastoral scenery of green mountains and green rivers and the peasant flavor of "talking about Sang Ma with cups in our hands", which embodies the true feelings of poets and villagers. "Spring Dawn" (Five Wonders) describes the scene of spring dawn and the feeling of early spring, and has become a good poem that has been passed down through the ages.

Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was good at four-character poems and wrote about the military life of the frontier fortress at that time. He is magnificent and elegant in style. His seven poems, such as Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Inn and Chusai, are famous in the capital.

Wang Wei, whose real name is Cimo, was originally named Wang Youcheng. Pastoral poet of the Tang Dynasty, whose famous works include Birds Singing in the Stream (Five Unique Poems), Yuan Shi Er An Xi (Seven Unique Poems) and Hunting (Five Laws). Su Shi praised Wang Wei's words, "There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings".

Li Bai, the word Taibai, was a romantic poet in Tang Dynasty. The official worships Hanlin. Because of his arrogant personality, he was not tolerated by powerful people, which deepened his understanding of corrupt society and wrote poems attacking the extravagance of imperial power and powerful people and accusing the reality of political darkness. Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Songs of Autumn Pu, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Farewell to Friends, Seven Ancient Poems, It's Hard to Walk on Mount Tianmu. The author of the complete works of Li Taibai.

Gao Shi, with a rich word, was a frontier poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the border situation and the sufferings of soldiers at that time, including Yan Gexing and Don't Move Big (seven unique poems).

Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a scholar of Kaiyuan and the eunuch of Yuan Wailang, a Si Xun. His frontier poems are generous and heroic. The Yellow Crane Tower (Seven Laws) is highly respected by Li Bai.

Du Fu, with beautiful words, once lived in Shaoling West, south of Chang 'an. He claimed to be the grandfather of Shaoling, who was known as Du Shaoling, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, and a realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He once wandered around and lived in Chang 'an for ten years. He was captured in the Anshi Rebellion, escaped from his post and stayed to collect the remains. After abandoning the official, he moved to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhua River, known as Huanhuacaotang in the world. Ren Jiannan was once thrifty and joined the army, and was called Du Gongbu by the world. His works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry", including Du Gongbu's poems. His masterpiece "From Beijing to Fengxian, Sing 500 Words" and his poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".

Cen Can, a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in history, and the official was the secretariat of history. I have been in the army for many years and have a profound understanding of frontier life, including Cenjiazhou's poems. Bai Xuege sent Tian Shuji Wu home (seven ancient books).

Zhang Zitong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, took reclusive life as the theme and wrote famous articles such as Xuanzhenzi.

Han Yu, a native of Heyang (Henan), claimed to be Changli (a well-known family in the county), and posthumous title Han Changli, also known as Han Wengong, went from official department to official department assistant, also known as Korean official department. Prose writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, together with Liu Zongyuan, was an advocate of the "ancient prose movement", and was listed as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties", and he wrote the Collected Works of Mr. Changli.

3. Common sense of ancient literature in China

The first part is an overview of pre-Qin literature (36 hours) (1 hour) and the scope of pre-Qin literature.

2. The beginning of China literature; Primitive ballads and ancient myths; Myth is an encyclopedia of China's childhood and the earliest treasure in China's literary heritage. 3. China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs.

As the source of ancient realistic literature, The Book of Songs is of pioneering significance in terms of literary expression objects and techniques. 4. The social changes and the emergence of "a hundred schools of thought contend" in the Warring States period promoted the prosperity of prose.

There are many famous historical prose and essays, which have laid a solid foundation for the development of China's prose. 5. Qu Yuan is the first great poet in the history of China literature. The excellent poem represented by Li Sao is full of lofty thoughts and feelings, patriotic spirit and the magical color of romanticism, which opens up the fine tradition of romanticism in China.

Q: What is the general situation of pre-Qin literature? Chapter 1 Ancient Myth (2 hours) 1, Myth and Myth Generation. Marx believes that myth is "a natural and social form processed by unconscious artistic methods in people's fantasies."

The emergence of myth is closely related to the productivity level and thinking ability of primitive people; The modes of myth production usually include labor production and religious activities. 2. The content of myth.

Ancient myths in China are very rich and complete, including the myth of the formation of the universe, the myth of the origin of mankind, the myth of heroes, the myth of floods, and all kinds of descriptive myths about the types, habits and forms of gods. 3. Myth art and its national characteristics.

Ancient mythology is the embodiment of primitive romanticism, which expresses primitive people's understanding and imagination of nature and society by exaggeration and fantasy. China myth has its distinctive national characteristics. In content, it eulogizes endless creative spirit, shows indomitable tenacious pursuit, eulogizes indomitable dedication spirit, has positive romantic spirit, and is full of artistic color and fantasy.

4. The significance and influence of myth. Question: 1. What are the contents and characteristics of ancient myths? 2. What is the relationship between ancient myths and primitive religions? The second chapter is Zhou Dynasty poetry and the Book of Songs (13 class hours) 1, ancient proverbs, incantations and the formation of Zhou poetry.

Before the Book of Songs, China's ancient poems had a long history of development. Ancient proverbs and ancient curses are two main forms of early poetry, and they are also the predecessors of Zhou poetry. The Zhou Dynasty was a period of great prosperity for China's ancient poetry. Besides The Book of Songs, there are many poems preserved in Zhouyi and Zuozhuan, which can be compared with The Book of Songs.

2. The system and compilation of the Book of Songs. The Book of Songs contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period.

It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise. The area with 300 poems includes all or part of today's Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Hubei and Shandong provinces.

Some are folk songs, and some are created by noble literati. Most authors' names no longer exist. In the past, there were different opinions about the compilation of the Book of Songs, among which the most influential ones were the theory of offering poems, the theory of collecting poems and the theory of Confucius deleting poems.

Nowadays, many people think that the compilation of The Book of Songs was jointly completed by the imperial court, local governors and musicians. The Book of Songs was only called the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period, and it was regarded as a classic by Confucianism after the Han Dynasty.

3. An overview of the classification of The Book of Songs. (1) Zhou tribal epic; (2) political satire; (3) Poetry; ④ Farming poems; ⑤ Love poems; 6 miscellaneous poems.

The Book of Songs is a reflection of all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, and the lives and feelings of people from all walks of life in the Zhou Dynasty are confirmed in the Book of Songs. Some show the growth history of Zhou people; Some show the anxiety or dissatisfaction of nobles, literati, petty officials, ordinary people and even social and political slaves; Some show the noble life of rites and music and Yan's enjoyment, entertainment and holiday celebrations; Some show the social reality that small countries and small officials can't control, and attack the uneven work and rest; Some show the agricultural production of Zhou people; Some show the sweetness or misfortune of love and family marriage; Some describe the social problems of abandoned women in Zhou dynasty; Some reflect the relationship and friendship between family, clan and friends.

In a word, The Book of Songs shows all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty from many aspects, and it is a masterpiece of realism. 4. Artistic achievements of the Book of Songs.

① The realistic artistic features and skills of The Book of Songs; (2) Artistic means of narration, reasoning, lyricism, scenery description and discussion; (3) The sentence patterns and rules of The Book of Songs; ④ The language art of The Book of Songs; ⑤ Fu Bi's technique of prosperity in The Book of Songs. Thinking question: 1, what are six meanings, four beginnings, Mao poems, four-character poems and changing the wind into elegance? 2. What is the main content of The Book of Songs? 3. What are the main artistic features of The Book of Songs? 4. What is the concrete embodiment of Fu Bixing's artistic technique in The Book of Songs? The third chapter is the pre-Qin historical prose (5 hours) 1, the basis of the development of pre-Qin historical prose.

Great social changes; A new atmosphere in the field of ideology and culture; New requirements of social development for the style of history books. 2. Historical prose from Yin Shang Dynasty to Spring and Autumn Period.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions are the origins of the ancient Chinese prose system; Zhouyi is a book of divination, and it also shows certain historical content; Shangshu is the earliest history book to remember words. Spring and Autumn Annals is the earliest chronological historical memorabilia. 3. Zuo Zhuan.

Author of Zuo Zhuan; The style and content of Zuo Zhuan; The Art of Zuo Zhuan: Although Zuo Zhuan is a historical work, it is full of literature. Its narrative pays attention to story and drama, and the plot is tense and moving. It is good at writing about wars, especially the battles of Chengpu, Ji Lang, Yao Yao and Changshao, which are clearly described, complete from beginning to end and changeable. Zuo Zhuan is especially good at writing pedestrian rhetoric.

4. "Mandarin". The style and content of Guoyu; The art of Guoyu: The achievement of Guoyu is far less than that of Zuozhuan, but there are some excellent chapters with humorous dialogue, vivid stories and meticulous characterization.

5. Warring States policy. The style of the Warring States Policy; The writing process of Warring States Policy; The content and art of the Warring States Policy: The Warring States Policy reflects the thoughts of strategists in the Warring States period, shapes a vivid image of strategists, and objectively treats the tactics and deceit of politicians and strategists.

4. Common sense of China literature

1 Lu Xun

Zhou Shuren, whose real name is, is a great proletarian revolutionary, thinker and writer, the founder of proletarian literature in China and the pioneer of proletarian cultural thought. The Diary of a Madman, a collection of short stories, Scream and Wandering, a collection of essays, Flowers in the Morning, a collection of essays gathering in the south and gathering in the north, a collection of Gai Hua, and essays on Jie Ge, is the first vernacular novel in the history of literature.

2 Guo Moruo

Great proletarian cultural warrior, outstanding writer, historian and ancient philologist. He is the author of the poetry collection Goddess and the historical drama Qu Yuan.

3 Mao dun

The word Yan Bing, whose real name is Shen Dehong. Proletarian cultural warrior, outstanding modern writer. He is the author of the novel Midnight, Erosion, and the short story Lin Jiabao and Spring Silkworm.

4 Lao She

Shu Qingchun, whose real name is She Yu, was awarded the title of "People's Artist". The novel Camel Xiangzi >: Cat City, Biography of Niu Tianci, Four Generations under One Family, etc. And drama Longxugou and Teahouse.

5 Zhu Ziqing

He has written essays such as Spring, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Green and Venice.

6 Bingxin

Real name: Xie Wanying, author of poetry anthology Springs and Stars. Children's Literature Collection: Little Orange Lantern, for young readers, and then for young readers.

7 Ding Ling

The novel The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River was originally named Jiang (female) and won the Stalin Prize for Literature.

8 Zhou Libo

Novels such as The Storm (won the Stalin Prize for Literature) and Great Changes in Mountainous Areas.

9 Zhao Shuli

Li Youcai Banhua, Xiao erhei's marriage, Sanliwan, etc.

0 Li Ji

He is the author of the long narrative poem Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang.

1 1 He Jingzhi

He is the author of songji, Back to Yan 'an, and the opera White-haired Girl (co-authored with Yi Ding).

12 Cao Yu

Formerly known as Wan Jiabao, he wrote Thunderstorm, Sunrise, Clear Sky and Zhaojun.

13 Xia Yan

Formerly known as Shen Duanxian, he is the author of the drama Under the Roof of Shanghai and the reportage Bonded Labor.

5. What literature does medieval literature include?

Medieval literature mainly includes religious literature, urban literature, heroic epic, knight literature and so on.

In religious literature, the Bible is a masterpiece of religious literature, which consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament. Other major works include confessions of St. Augustine and City of God.

Religious drama is the most popular theme in medieval religious literature and the embryonic form of modern European drama. In the Middle Ages, the division of labor between handicrafts and agriculture and the development of commerce led to the emergence of cities and the formation of citizen classes, so urban literature came into being.

Urban literature is mostly folk creation, praising the intelligence of citizens or farmers and reflecting the spiritual characteristics of the budding bourgeoisie. France is one of the earliest cities in western Europe, with the most developed urban literature.

Heroic epics in the Middle Ages can be roughly divided into two types. One reflects the life of barbarian tribes at the end of clan society, and the representative works include the Germanic Song of Hildebrand and the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf. Another epic, under the influence of Christianity, mainly praises heroic feats in the struggle against pagans.

His masterpieces include Song of Roland in French and My World in Spanish. Chivalry literature is the product of European chivalry and a unique literary phenomenon in medieval Europe.

Chivalry abides by the creed of "loyalty to the monarch, protection of religion and chivalry". While learning martial arts, knights should also learn etiquette, poetry and music. These characteristics are accurately reflected in knight literature.

Medieval knight literature has a far-reaching influence on later generations.