What is the difference between Li Bai and Du Fu's poetic style?

Li Bai belongs to romanticism and Du Fu belongs to critical realism.

Li Bai and Du Fu were the most famous and influential poets in ancient China. However, since the Tang Dynasty, people like to compare them, and some scholars compare them, so that many poetry critics have participated in the debate about which is better or worse for Du Li. After entering the 20th century, although Du Li's theory of advantages and disadvantages still exists in academic circles, people prefer to discuss the friendship with Du Li and the similarities and differences between Du Li's poetic thought and art.

First, Du Li's friendship and mutual influence

Wen Yiduo is the first scholar to discuss Du Li's friendship in this century. In Du Fu's place, he described the communication and friendship between Du Li and his wife with emotional pen and ink. For example, when he wrote about Du Li's first meeting, he said, "Draw corners on the tee, play drums on the tee, then take out a pen and dip it in gold ink, and write big books and special books." Because in our 4,000-year history, nothing is more important, sacred and memorable than the meeting between Confucius and Laozi (if they ever met). "

In the 1940s, Chen Shuqu also talked about Du Li's friendship with others with the grace and sense of justice of two great poets in the Tang Dynasty. He believes that "Du Fu's compassion for Li Bai can be seen from time to time in his poems"; "The strangest thing is that Li Bai is indifferent to Du Fu." "This shows that Lao Du's sympathy for talents and friends is warm and sincere, out of ruthlessness."

In 1950s, Lin Geng elaborated on his friendship with Du Li in The Poet Li Bai. In his view, "Li Bai is Du Fu's favorite poet in his life", and the factors include politics and poetry. During the six months when Li Bai and Du Fu met and traveled together, Li Bai had a greater influence on Du Fu. They are really like-minded friends. Their vigilance against politics and sensitivity to reality are the true portrayal of the times. Their tacit understanding is to carry forward the tradition of realism. In the art of poetry, it was also Li Bai who influenced Du Fu: "Before Du Fu met Li Bai, almost all the ten existing poems were five laws, which shows that Du Fu's early works were mainly five laws." After knowing Li Bai, Du Fu was influenced by Li Bai's "Seven Classics", and later "was completely liberated from the Seven Classics, thus creating his own unique Five Classics".

In 1960s, people paid more attention to friendship, and several articles about friendship appeared, such as Gemini in the History of Poetry by Guo Moruo and Several Questions about Friendship by Geng. Guo Wen pointed out, "Li Bai and Du Fu are close friends as brothers. Their position in the history of China literature, like a Gemini in the sky, will shine side by side forever.

In 1970s, Guo Moruo further elaborated his views on Du Li's friendship in Li Bai and Du Fu. He said: "Du Fu is very sympathetic to Li Bai, no problem." And "although eleven years older than Li Bai, I have the same deep feelings for Du Fu." "Predecessors love to measure the thickness of feelings by the number of existing poems, saying that Du Hou is thicker than Li, and Li is thinner than Du. That's a superficial view. " Regarding the poem A Play for Du Fu written by Li Bai according to legend, the author thinks that it is neither ridiculed nor forged by later generations. The poem is cordial and touching, which shows Li Bai's deep concern for Du Fu. "

After 1980s, some scholars still talked about Du Li's friendship, such as the friendship between Du Fu and Li Bai in Li Kuan, the friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu in Ye Jiaying and the loneliness of genius, and Wang Huibin's exploration of Du Li when they first met. Ye Jiaying's interpretation of Du Fu's poem "To Li Bai" proves that Du Li's theory of treating others lightly is by no means credible, and shows that there is a connection between Du Li and his wife. Wang Huibin inspected Du Li Tianbao's whereabouts three years ago and thought that the place where they first met was Liangyuan instead of Luo Yang.

Second, discuss Du Li's advantages and disadvantages again.

Although most scholars in this century are not keen on discussing the advantages and disadvantages, there are still some scholars who consciously or unconsciously hold the view of promoting Li to suppress Du or Yang Du to suppress Li for a certain period of time.

In the first half of this century, most scholars disagreed with Du Li's theory of historical advantages and disadvantages. If we don't compare Li's poems, we should compare the similarities and differences of poetry art from their creative reality. Wang Jingzhi also believes that in the historical rise of "Li suppressed Du" or "Yang suppressed Li", few people can really understand Li and Du. The debate of Du Li School was blindly praised and criticized because of its biased hobbies, and it didn't say the most important point. Therefore, the author analyzes Du Li's differences from seven aspects.

Other scholars, though they don't clearly hold the pros and cons, vaguely reveal a little tone of restraining Li. For example, in the History of Vernacular Literature, Hu Shi said that "although Li Bai coughed for nine days, Zhu Yu was born with the wind", we ordinary people could not help but feel ashamed, and finally felt that he was not singing our songs. He laughed at Du Fu, a poet with light clouds and light wind, but we finally felt that Du Fu could understand us and we could understand Du Fu. Du Fu is our poet, and Li Bai is finally a' fairy'. "Another example is that Li Guangtian used the words of the Song Dynasty poet Luo Dajing on Du Fu's creative attitude to suppress Li's point of view. He also thinks: "As far as the pure style of poetry is concerned, Li may have an advantage over Du Fu; As far as the ideological content of poetry is concerned, Du Shi is a hundred times better than Li Shi. Because no work can be great only by its style. Besides, the so-called superior style is still a common prejudice, because in the final analysis, style is determined by thought. If a person can't accept Li Bai's thoughts at all, he can't appreciate his style. "Of course, this theory of Yang Du restraining Li has the special background of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and it is also inseparable from the literary theory held by the theorists. Similarly, when commenting on Du Li's poems, Fu Gengsheng also affirmed Du Fu from the importance of thoughts and feelings, and belittled Li Bai: "If Du Li's poems are measured by such objective standards, you will find that Du Fu scored eight or nine points, while Li Bai scored two or three points. "

In the second half of this century, in the 1950s and 1960s, influenced by the new social system and ideology, academic circles paid more attention to the social function of literature and the reality or popularity of poetry works when studying classical poetry. From this point of view, there is a more obvious Yang Du's theory of restraining Li. However, at that time, some scholars did not promote this and suppress the other, but were able to be equal and show their achievements. For example, Su Zhongxiang's Selected Poems of Du Li selected more than 200 poems of Du Li (* * * more than 500 poems) and compiled them into a book to see the similarities and differences in essence and style of his poems. The author points out that Li Bai and Du Fu are eternal and brand-new flags shining on both sides of the Tang Dynasty and even the whole classical poetry circle. Undoubtedly, their works are "highly realistic and popular", and "Li Bai and Du Fu, in the history of China's poetry development, are both figures connecting the past and the future."

The publication of Li Bai and Du Fu by Guo Moruo reflects the top-down tendency of worshipping Li and restraining Du Fu during the Cultural Revolution. According to Wang Xuetai's A Study of Du Fu in Cultural Changes in the 20th Century, after liberation, Mao Zedong said more than once that he preferred reading Li Bai's poems, and Li Bai was the champion of all previous poets. When commenting on the film Du Fu, Jiang Qing emphasized that "the chairman prefers Li Bai's poems". The implication is that he can't praise other poets, especially Du Fu, who was once called Li Bai. Therefore, Guo Moruo praised Li Bai and Du Fu almost everywhere, completely changing his view that Li Bai and Du Fu were China's "Gemini in the history of poetry" in the early 1960s.

After 1980s, few people hold the view of "all glory, all loss" when comparing Du Li. Most people analyze the similarities and differences of Du Li's poetry creation.

Third, the comparison between Du Li's thought and poetic art.

Since the 1920s and before the 1980s, some scholars have compared Du Li's thoughts with the art of poetry ... For example, Hu Xiaoshi's Comparison of Du Li's Poems systematically analyzed and compared Du Li's poetic art and achievements. For another example, Wang Jingzhi also compared Du Li from the aspects of thought, personality, art, situation, behavior, hobbies, body and so on.

In 1950s, Su Zhongxiang first discussed the similarities and differences of Du Li's thoughts in his Biography of Du Li's Poems. He believes that Du Li is * * * in three aspects: love for the motherland, love for the people, and hatred for the war of aggression; As far as they are concerned, their poems are different and prominent, namely, Li Duo's pride and rebellious spirit, Du Fu's humanitarianism and sympathy for others. Then, from the position in the history of poetry, Du Li "is a person who connects the past with the future.". Li Bai was the first "pioneer" who absorbed the excellent national traditions and foreign forms, concentrated on the advantages of being loose, and promoted the all-round development of China's poetry; Du Fu, on the other hand, with the progress of the times, raised his poetry creation to an unprecedented level of realism and won the title of' Poetic History' and' Poetic Sage'. "

Since 1980s, more and more achievements have been made in comparing Du Li in all aspects. Among these achievements, the first one worth mentioning is Luo Zongqiang's On Du Li. This book makes a systematic and in-depth comparison between Du Li and his two men from the aspects of political thought, life ideal, literary thought, creative method, artistic style and artistic expression.

At the same time or after Luo Zongqiang's works, some monographs on comparison appeared in academic circles, such as Jin Qihua's Comparison of Poetry, Yuan Xingpei's On Style and Image of Poetry, Pei Fei's Poems of Li, Du Fu and Their Prosperous Tang Dynasty, Xiao Ruifeng's On Similarities and Differences, Su's Features and Similarities of Landscape Poetry, and Wu Guangxing's Loneliness and Respect of Du Li.

Among them, Jin Qihua believes that the similarity of Du Li's poetics lies in that they all advocate absorbing Ya Sao Fu, taking the works of various schools before Jian 'an, taking its essence and using its macro to achieve its greatness; The difference mainly lies in their views on temperament, parting ways and doing their own things, which have made their own different characteristics. Yuan Xingpei believes that both Li Bai and Du Fu are experts in establishing their own unique image groups. Elegant and gloomy styles stand out in different image groups. The most prominent images created by Li Bai are the flying Dapeng, the roaring Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the towering peaks and the pouring waterfalls. These "all have extraordinary spirit, showing Li Bai's enthusiasm for breaking free from bondage and pursuing freedom in twists and turns, and his elegant and unconventional style can be seen"; Du Fu's feelings of worrying about the country when he was injured were expressed through objective images, forming images with strong melancholy colors such as thin horse and sick orange. "In these destroyed and abandoned creatures, Du Fu showed all kinds of deep and melancholy feelings." The author points out that the difference of Du Li's style is also reflected in the combination of images. The combination of images in Li Bai's poems is sparse, like a sparse freehand painting, and a vivid pen of three or two may be better than a sketch full of paper; The combination of images in Du Fu's poems is relatively close, and several images are often compressed in poems based on this, which are dignified, mature and profound. The difference of Du Li's image density is also reflected in the composition of poems: the composition of Li Bai's poems and songs jumps slowly, the rhythm of poems is rapid and the influence is constant; The context between images in Du Fu's poems is quite clear, the composition is very rigorous, the rhythm is slow and smooth, and there is a refreshing penetration. Pei, on the other hand, thinks that he has great political ambitions, and their personality differences are manifested in their different political paths: Du Fu is a standard orthodox, determined to be a virtuous minister, and his way of being an official is no different from that of ordinary scholars; Li Bai dreamed of becoming a counselor, providing wonderful strategies and achievements, and reaching Qing Xiang in one fell swoop. But they all ended in tragedy in the political environment at that time. Wu Guangxing believes that Du Li was not taken seriously before her death, and her fame should be limited to his collected works. At the turn of the seventies and eighties, the concept of "Du Li's exclusive respect" probably originated from the "New Classical School". The author also believes that Du Li was also regarded as an aesthetic ideal ―― to strengthen her beauty; Starting from Wang Anshi, it's different. Li is free and Du is depressed.

Section 9 Summary

In a word, the study of Li Bai in the 20th century has made remarkable achievements in life, ideological research, artistic analysis and works arrangement. Of course, in a specific period, Li Bai's research has also gone through detours due to various non-academic factors. Although Li Bai's research has advanced by leaps and bounds since the 1980s, the phenomenon of repeated topics and no breakthrough in methods has become increasingly serious. In the 1990s, there were fewer and fewer works and papers with real weight, breakthrough and inspiration. However, on the basis of Li Bai's research achievements in this century, coupled with more solid academic spirit, more advanced research methods and more free and open academic environment, Li Bai's research in 2 1 century will surely make greater progress.