What does the meteor shower represent?

[Edit this paragraph] The naming of meteor shower

Meteor shower is a group of meteors, which looks like a special celestial phenomenon that appears and falls in the night sky. This point or a small sky area is called the radiation point of meteor shower. In order to distinguish meteor showers in different directions, meteor showers are usually named after the constellations in the sky where the radiant points of meteor showers are located. For example, every year165438+1October 17 or so, the radiant point of the meteor shower is in Leo, so it is named Leonid meteor shower. Other meteor showers include Aquarius meteor shower, Orion meteor shower and Perseid meteor shower.

Meteor shower is the result of the friction between meteoroids and the earth's atmosphere (meteoroids can be asteroids in the asteroid belt). Meteor swarms are often produced by fragments of comets, so the orbits of meteor swarms are often related to the orbits of comets. Meteor showers are formed by swarms of meteors. A meteor shower looks like a falling meteor in the night sky. This point or this small sky area is called the radiation point of meteor shower. Meteor shower is usually named after the constellation in the sky where the radiant point of meteor shower is located to distinguish meteor showers in different directions. For example, every year165438+1October 1 7 or so, the radiant point of the meteor shower is in Leo, so it is named Leonid meteor shower. Orion meteor shower, Aquarius meteor shower and Perseid meteor shower are also named in this way. A single meteor is random in direction and time, and there is no radiation point at all. This kind of meteor is called accidental meteor. An important feature of the essential difference between meteor shower and accidental meteor is that the reverse extension lines of all meteors intersect at the radiation point.

Meteor showers in the solar system include comets, asteroids and some smaller celestial bodies in addition to the eight planets, dwarf planets and their satellites. Although small in size, small celestial bodies revolve around the sun like the eight planets and dwarf planets. If they have a chance to pass near the earth, they may break into the earth's atmosphere at a speed of tens of kilometers per second. Due to the intense friction with the earth's atmosphere, huge kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, which ionizes the matter and gives off dazzling light. This is the meteor that we often see.

Some meteors are single, the direction and time are random, and there are no radiation points at all. This kind of meteor is called accidental meteor. Meteor showers are essentially different from occasional meteors. An important feature of meteor shower is that the reverse extension lines of all meteors intersect at the radiation point.

The scale of meteor showers varies greatly. Sometimes only a few meteors appear in an hour, but they all seem to "flow out" from the same radiation point, so they also belong to the category of meteor showers; Sometimes in a very short time, thousands of meteors can be seen at the same radiation point, just like fireworks in festivals. When the hourly zenith discharge (ZHR) of meteor shower exceeds 1000, it is called "star rain".

Occasional meteors are produced every day, and the time and area of occurrence are random. Meteor showers are periodic in time, and some of them can be predicted scientifically, so they are also called periodic meteors. In addition, it is an important feature of meteor shower that all backward extension lines intersect at the radiation point.

[Edit this paragraph] Discovery and historical record of meteor shower

The discovery and record of meteor shower was also the earliest in China. In the Chronicle of Bamboo Slips, there is a record that in the fifteenth year of Xia Emperor, the stars fell like rain at night. The most detailed record can be found in Zuo Zhuan: "In the summer and April of the seventh year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the stars disappeared, and the stars rained down at night." The seventh year of Duke Zhuang of Lu was 687 BC, which was the earliest record of Lyra meteor shower in the world.

There were about 180 meteor showers in ancient China. Among them, Lyra meteor shower recorded about 9 times, Perseid meteor shower recorded about 12 times, and Leo meteor shower recorded 7 times. These records will also be important information for studying the orbital evolution of meteor groups.

The appearance of meteor shower is quite touching. China's ancient records are also wonderful. Take the record of Lyra meteor shower as an example: In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Liu Song's filial piety "Ming five years ... March, the bright moon covered Xuanyuan. ..... there are tens of millions of meteors, long or short, big or small, facing west until dawn. " (Song Shu Tian Wen Zhi) This was in 46 1 year. Of course, the so-called "tens of millions" here is not an exact number, but a general term for "extremely many".

The scene when the Perseid meteor shower appeared, according to ancient records, is also unforgettable. Please see: Tang Xuanzong: "In May of the second year of Kaiyuan, there was a star stream in the northwest, either like an urn or like a bucket, penetrating the North Pole. There are countless small people, and the stars shake to Shunai. " ("The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven") In the second year of Kaiyuan, the year was 7 14.

The fact that meteoroids fall to the ground and become meteorites or iron is also recorded in China. There is an explanation in Historical Records that "stars fall to the ground and are also stones". The main component of meteorites discovered in Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty is iron. He wrote in Volume 20 of Meng Qian's Bi Tan: "In the first year of Zhiping, it was sunny in Changzhou, and the stars were like the moon. See you in the southeast. Occasionally, it will vibrate again and move to the southwest. Another earthquake struck Xu Shiyuan, a citizen of Yixing County. It's far and near, the fire is shining ... it's as deep as a cup. Looking down, the stars are shining in it. It's dark for a long time, but it's still too hot to get close. After a long time, I was surprised that it was more than three feet deep, but I got a round stone. It was still hot, as big as a fist, with a slightly pointed end, as heavy as iron. " The first year of Song Yingzong Zhiping was 1064. Shen Kuo has noticed the composition of meteorites.

In Europe, it was not until after 1803 that people realized that meteorites were the remnants of meteoroids falling to the ground.

The oldest surviving meteorite in China is the Longchuan meteorite in Sichuan, which fell in the Ming Dynasty and was unearthed in the fifty-fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 17 16), weighing 58.5 kg. Now it is preserved in Chengdu Institute of Geology.

[Edit this paragraph] What is a meteor?

Dust particles in outer space break into the earth's atmosphere and rub against it, generating a lot of heat, thus gasifying the dust particles. In this process, the emitted light forms a meteor. Dust particles are called meteoroids.

speed

A tiny meteoroid is enough to produce light that can be seen nearly 100 kilometers away, because of its high speed.

The color of meteors

The color of meteors reflects the chemical composition and reaction temperature of meteoroids: sodium emits orange light, iron is yellow, magnesium is blue-green, calcium is purple and silicon is red.

sound

Meteors usually don't make audible sounds. I didn't see it, so I quietly passed. For a very bright meteor, you may have heard this sound. These sounds are mainly concentrated in the low frequency band. A very bright meteor, such as a fireball, may hear sounds.

Residual trace

Meteors sometimes leave lasting marks on their tracks. The main color of the residue is mostly green, which is neutral oxygen atoms. The duration is usually 1 to 10 seconds. You can see that the brightness of afterglow drops rapidly. These bright lights come from hot air and metal atoms in meteoroids.

meteor shower

At some time, it can be seen that the backward extension lines of a certain number of meteors pass through a small sky area. These are meteor showers.

Where did the meteor shower come from?

Meteor showers are formed by debris from comets and other celestial bodies.

Why do meteoroids leave the parent comet and other celestial bodies?

Comets are mainly composed of ice and dust. When the mother bodies of these meteoroids gradually approached the sun, the ice evaporated, causing dust particles to be ejected from the mother bodies and enter the orbit of comets like water in fountains.

Meteor shower activity

Comet cycle. Various forms of meteor showers when the earth passes through meteoroids.

[Edit this paragraph] An old saying about meteors

1. There is an old saying: "Because a star has fallen, there must be a soul to make up for it. When people die, their souls ascend to heaven, and when you ascend to heaven, you will bring your wishes to God. "

2. The meteor accidentally passed by, and only the dream that stays in my heart all day can capture the scratching moment. Only such a wish can finally come true.

3. A meteor is a star that has fallen into the atmosphere, and it is a "present continuous tense"; The starry sky is just the shadow of the ancient stars, which is a "past tense". Of course, the desire in the present tense needs the help of a meteor.

Of course, this is an unscientific statement made by the ancients without knowing much about science. As a modern person with scientific knowledge, we should be aware of this statement.

[Edit this paragraph] Seven famous meteor showers

1. Leonid meteor shower

Leonid meteor shower occurs every year from 165438+ 10/4 to 2 1. Generally speaking, the number of meteors is about 10 to 15 per hour, but the Leonid meteor shower has a peak every 33 to 34 years, and the number of meteors can exceed several thousand per hour. This phenomenon is related to the period of Comet templeton Tuttle. When a meteor shower occurs, it seems that the meteor will shoot from a specific point in the sky, which is called the "radiant point", named after the radiant point of the Leonid meteor shower is located in Leo.

2. Gemini meteor shower

Gemini meteor shower occurs from June 13 to June 14 every year, and the maximum hourly flow can reach 120, and the maximum flow duration is relatively long. Gemini meteor shower originated from 1983 TB asteroid and was discovered by IRAS satellite in 1983. Scientists judged that this may be the remains of a "burned" comet. Gemini meteor shower radiation point is located in Gemini, which is a famous meteor shower.

3.perseid meteor shower

Perseid meteor shower occurs regularly from July 17 to August 24 every year. It is not only rich, but also almost never misses the starry sky in summer. It is the most suitable meteor shower for non-professional meteor observers, ranking first among the three periodic meteor showers in the whole year. Comet Swift-Tuttle is the mother of Perseid meteor shower. 1992 around the perihelion of the comet, the Perseid meteor shower shone brilliantly, and the number of meteors reached more than 400 per hour.

4. Orion meteor shower

There are two kinds of Orion meteor showers, and the meteor shower with radiation point near Betelgeuse usually appears around 65438+1October 20th every year. The meteor shower with radiation point near ν occurred from June 65438+1October 15 to June 65438+1October 30, and the maximum day was June 65438+1October 2 1 day. We often say that the Orion meteor shower is the latter, which is caused by the famous Halley's comet. Halley's comet will return to the core of the solar system every 76 years, scattering debris in the orbit of the comet.

5. Taurus meteor shower (southern Taurus meteor shower, northern Taurus meteor shower)

The Taurus meteor shower occurs from June 25th 10 to June 25th118+065438. Debris in the orbit of comet Enke formed a meteor shower. On the biggest day, five meteors can be observed flying by every hour. Although the flow is small, it is also because of its stable period.

6. Dragon Meteor

The Draco meteor shower occurs from June 6th to June 8th 10 every year, and the maximum day is June 8th 10. This meteor shower is one of the three periodic meteor showers throughout the year, with a maximum hourly flow of 400. Comet Giacobini-Sinner is the origin of the Draco meteor shower.

7.lyra meteor shower

Lyra meteor shower usually appears from April 19 to 23rd every year, and 22nd is usually the maximum day. This meteor shower is the earliest recorded meteor shower in China, and its outbreak in 687 BC is vividly recorded in the ancient book Spring and Autumn Annals. The orbital debris of comet 186 1 I formed the Lyra meteor shower, which, as one of the three periodic meteor showers in the whole year, also occupies an extremely important position in astronomy.

[Edit this paragraph] Errors in meteor shower observation

Here, we must first correct a misconception made by some people: meteor shower is a very advanced astronomical observation, which can't be completed without a telescope. This concept is extremely wrong. Observing meteor showers requires a wide field of vision. If a telescope is used, the field of vision will be greatly reduced and the number of meteors observed will be greatly reduced. And the meteor we see can only see the light in the lens and can't see anything clearly. Therefore, it is best not to use telescopes when observing meteor showers, but only use our eyes and a clear and dark sky. Secondly, observing the meteor shower is not as rainy as expected. F4' s album gives many people a wrong understanding of meteor shower. In fact, if you observe some meteor showers with small flow or the conditions for observing them are not good (the sky is not dark enough), it is common to see a meteor for several hours. The meteor showers mentioned at the beginning are all famous ones with large flow. If the sky is clear on the observation day, the flow of these meteor showers will generally not let you down. However, no matter how big the meteor shower is, generally speaking, you can only see a few on average in 1 minute, and some may reach dozens (such as the Leonid meteor shower of 200 1 year), and there are few meteor showers as much as rain (which have happened in history), for example,1833+065438+/kloc-.

[Edit this paragraph] Meteors and meteorites

Some meteoroids are so large that they can't be completely burned into ashes in the atmosphere. When they fall to the ground, they are meteorites.

Meteorites are divided into meteorites (mainly stony) and meteorites (mainly iron) because of their different composition contents.

Since liberation, there have been five meteorite shower in China, among which Jilin meteorite is the most famous.

There are many craters on the earth, all of which are the products of meteorite impact. However, due to the weathering of the earth, most of them have been destroyed beyond recognition, and now more than 150 can be confirmed. One of the most famous is a big pit in the desert in northern Arizona, USA. Diameter1245m and depth172m. Several tons of meteorite fragments have been collected in the pit. It is estimated that this is a pothole caused by the fall of an iron meteorite weighing 65,438+10,000 tons about 20,000 years ago.

Studying meteorites is of great reference value for human beings to explore the solar system, the internal structure of the earth and the origin and evolution of life on earth.

[Edit this paragraph] Meteor shower schedule

65438+ October

Meteor shower name: quadrant meteor.

Comet parent: 2003 EH 1

Radiation point: booth

Estimated date: 3rd to 4th.

Description: The flow rate is about 40 per hour, the color is blue, and the speed is relatively fast (about 40 kilometers per second). Brighter ones may cross half the sky, and a small part may even leave trace dust in the sky. There is an obvious peak, which usually lasts only about an hour.

April

Meteor shower name: Lyra meteor shower

Comet matrix: C/ Thatcher

Radiation point: Lyra

Estimated date of occurrence: 2 1 -22.

Summary: Bright and fast (about 48 kilometers per second) will leave traces of tracks in the sky, which will fade after a few seconds.

May

Meteor shower name: Eta Aquarius.

Comet parent: 1C/ halley

Radiant point: Aquarius Eta (Aquarius Eta)

Estimated date: 5th to 6th.

Summary: The density of meteors is high, but the flow rate is not very stable (the lowest is only a few dozen, and the highest may reach several hundred per hour). The equator and the southern hemisphere can be observed within a few hours before dawn, and the north is not conducive to observation. Many groups of meteors will leave long tracks in the sky.

June

Meteor shower name: Lyra meteor shower

Comet matrix: C/ Thatcher

Radiation point: Lyra

Estimated date: 14-16.

Description: The traffic is low, even in the peak period, the hourly traffic is only about 10. Patience is needed when observing.

July

Meteor shower name: Delta Aquarius.

Comet matrix: 1C/ halley

Radiation point: Aquarius Delta (Aquarius Delta)

Estimated date of occurrence: 28th-29th.

Description: The peak value is about 20, bright yellow, and the medium speed is about 40 kilometers.

Meteor shower name: Capricorn.

Comet matrix: not yet determined

Radiant point: Capricorn

Estimated date of occurrence: 29th-30th.

Description: At the peak, there are about 15 fireballs, which are bright yellow and slow, only about 25 kilometers. The observation height is low.

August

Meteor shower name: Perseid meteor shower

Comet matrix: 109 p/ Swift-tuttle

Radiant point: Perseus

Estimated date: 12-13.

Description: the flow rate is large, and the peak flow rate is about 60 per hour. Low brightness requires patience when observing.

10 month

Meteor shower name: Dragon Head Constellation

Comet matrix: 2 1P/ Giacobini-Sinner

Radiant point: Perseus

Estimated date: 12-13.

Description: The flow rate is low, only about 10 pieces per hour.

Meteor shower name: Orion.

Comet matrix: 1P/ halley

Radiation point: Oruon.

Estimated date of occurrence: 2 1 -22.

Description: The flow rate of Orion meteor shower is about 20 per hour, yellow or green in color, and the speed is about 66 kilometers per second. There are fireballs.

1 1 month

Meteor shower name: Leonid meteor shower

Comet Matrix: 55p/ Temple-tuttle

Radiant point: Leo

Estimated date: 17-18.

Description: Leonid meteor shower has a peak flow every 33 years, and the peak flow can reach hundreds per hour. The next peak will be about 30 years later. Although it is not the peak time, we can still see some sporadic meteors crossing the sky.

65438+ February

Meteor shower name: Gemini meteor shower.

Mother: 3200 Phaeton

Radiant point: Gemini

Estimated date: 13-14.

Description: The most stable and colorful meteor shower in a year, of which about 65% is white, 26% is yellow, and others are blue, red and green. Gemini meteor shower is the only meteor shower that is not the mother of comet. Its mother is the asteroid 3200 Phaeton. At peak hours, the hourly flow can reach hundreds.

Ursa meteor shower

Official name: URS, meteor shower in Ursa minor.

Activity time: 65438+February 65438+July-26th.

Maximum time: 65438+February 22/23.

Maximum flow (ZHR): 10

R value: 3.0

Average speed (without gravity): 33km/s.

Maximum center: 348 degrees right ascension and 75 degrees declination.

20 degrees north latitude (Nanning, Guangzhou, Haikou): It can be observed all night, preferably in the morning.

30 degrees north latitude (Lhasa, Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai): It can be observed all night, and it is best in the morning.

40 degrees north latitude (Beijing, Hohhot, Dalian): It can be observed all night.

50 degrees north latitude (Tacheng, Harbin): It can be observed all night.

The center of the telescope field of view: right ascension 348 declination+75, right ascension13/kloc-0 declination+66 (latitude >); +40 )

Right ascension 063 declination +84 declination 156 declination +64 (30-40 N)

Four Heavy Rainstorms Suitable for Observation in 2009

1 quadrant meteor shower (65438+1October 3)

As Tianyu's first performance dedicated to the public in 2009, the maximum value of quadrant meteor shower will appear around165438+2 1 on October 3rd, Beijing time. Although the maximum value of the forecast is difficult to see in China, the observation conditions in the latter half of the night are still very good.

Perseid meteor shower (8 12)

Perseid meteor shower can be said to be one of the most famous meteor showers. It is not only rich, but also almost never misses the starry sky in summer. It appears stably at a fixed time every year, and is the most active and frequently observed meteor shower, ranking first among the three periodic meteor showers in the whole year. From the evening of August 12, 2009 1 1 to the early morning of the next day, it will present a wonderful summer night starry drama for the public, and people can see the beautiful scene of meteors streaking across the sky with the naked eye. Its peak value is about 60 meteors per hour.

3 Leonid meteor shower (165438+ 10/8)

According to the recent prediction of international astronomers, there will be a strong Leonid meteor shower in 2009. This prediction broke the saying that "Leonid meteor shower is in a quiet period" for several years. The peak of Leonid meteor shower will appear at 5: 43 Beijing time (165438+10/8) (it may be delayed by 30-60 minutes). By then, the maximum flow per hour will be about 500, which is the "second-class rainstorm level". The public can observe the meteor shower from 2 am to dawn at 18.

4 Gemini meteor shower (65438+February 7th-65438+February 65438+July)

Just like China's New Year movies, the Gemini meteor shower usually arrives as scheduled at the end of the year, and the "release schedule" will last from 65438+February 7th to17th. In 2009, the Gemini meteor shower will reach its peak in the early morning of 15, and the maximum number of theoretical meteors per hour can reach 120. Gemini meteor shower is very suitable for observation, not only the meteor is slow, but also the bright meteor will leave a white trail.

[Edit this paragraph] The threat of meteor shower to human activities

1. may pose a threat to the spacecraft. 1993, the Perseid meteor shower caused the Olympus satellite of the European Space Agency to lose control because it was hit by a meteor.

2. Meteorites may hit people or livestock. There have been no reports that the human body was directly hit by meteorites. 1969, a meteorite broke through the roof of Australia.

3. Ionization effect caused by a large number of meteors breaking into the earth's atmosphere may make long-distance telecommunications abnormal.

4. The radio signal reflected by the long ion column formed by the burning of meteoroids when meteors appear is used for high-frequency or very-high-frequency communication, and the operating distance can reach 1800 km. Meteor communication is of great military significance because it is not affected by solar activity or nuclear explosion.

[Edit this paragraph] photo album

Special issue: meteor shower

Singer: F4

Language: Mandarin album 1CD

Company: Sony Sony Records

Date: 200 1.08.28

"Meteor Garden" is a hit in Taiwan Province, and the first-time-tasting actors,, VanNess Wu, performed well in the play, vividly interpreting the characters and making them popular all the way from the inside out.

F4 has not only made outstanding progress in drama, but also attracted great attention in the music industry. Their first concert was dedicated to Sony Records. The record company specially paid a large sum of money to the producers of "Xue", "Xue", "Bao", respectively, to tailor suitable songs for the four characters in the play and create different musical styles. Besides Tianwang producer, Japanese R & Ken Hirai?, Prince B's million-dollar champion song "Gainning throuhg losing" was taken as the title song of the new album "Meteor Shower". In addition to this song sung by four people, the other chorus "The First Time" is a friend's love song tailored by Wang Zhiping for them. From this song, you can hear the friendship they cultivated during filming.

In addition, four people sang two songs respectively. Xiao Tian, who used to be a guitarist in the orchestra, took the folk rock route, fresh and natural style and his unique difficult singing method of exchanging true and false sounds; VanNess Wu, who came back from the United States, is very good at singing and dancing, and has a strong authentic R & ampb singing. The album solo follows the hip-hop style. Vanness, who is interested in writing, was specially arranged by the producer to sing Rap. He wrote a long list of lyrics himself, so in music, you can also hear street rap; The most surprising thing about his singing is that he has a calm and emotional voice, singing love songs is very convincing, and people with beautiful electric eyes will discharge like his singing, so the producer chose a lyric route for him in the music style of the album, hoping to improve his discharge skills through love songs; And Jerry Yan's singing is very straight, much like his own personality, so in the interpretation of music, the voice of direct affirmation is affectionate and full of personality, while Jerry Yan, nicknamed "Tyrannosaurus", is not rude at all, but gentle, taking the route of affectionate men.

[0 1] dedicated to you

The first time.

It's up to you.

meteor shower

I really really love you.

Here we are.

Who made you cry?

[08] Who does not love me?

[09] Love will not wait for you all the time.

[10] The most special existence

[Edit this paragraph] TV series

Title: Creation of meteor shower:

Hunan TV station

Tianyu media co., ltd

Chunqiu Fengyun movie and television planning co., ltd

Starring:

Zhang Hans plays the sea of clouds.

The ham plays the part.

Vision Wei plays Ye Shuo.

Zhu Zixiao plays Simon Rhee Qian.

Zheng Shuang plays Chu Xun Yu.

Introduction:

Chu, a grassroots girl, is a high school girl with excellent academic performance. Her biggest dream is to enter Elliston College, a famous aristocratic university. Xue Cun, uncle of Urtica Rain, borrowed money to send Urtica Rain to Elliston. , Duan, Ximen Ruiqian, four big noble children of Elliston, all of whom are sunny and handsome, have become idols of all girls in the school. These four teenagers are not satisfied with the life arranged by their parents, and they don't want to go to Elliston. They wanted the headmaster to fire them, so they plotted all kinds of practical jokes and became F4 Group, which made the headmaster have a headache. Rain nettle and F4 inevitably met. Rain nettle became the target of F4' s trickery because it vindicated others. They appreciate each other and become friends in competitions and competitions. F4 was also shocked by Rain Nettle's strong spirit of self-reliance, and eventually became the four best students in the school.

[Edit this paragraph] The name of the game king card

Card packaging: 302

Japanese name: メテォレィン

Chinese name: meteor shower

Expensive degree: Pinka n

Card Type: Trap

Trap Type: Normal

Effect: When your monster attacks the monster indicated by the garrison this turn, the extra attack power will cause combat damage to your opponent.

Used to: attack garrison indicating monsters.

Daytime meteor Aries meteor shower

first season

January quadrant meteor shower

The Centauri meteor shower in February? Leonid γ meteor shower

March moment-scale gamma meteor shower

Second season

Lyra meteor shower in April? Tail π meteor shower

May Aquarius η meteor shower? Lyra ε meteor shower

June, June, the shogunate meteor shower

third-quarter

South Aquarius meteor shower in July? Meteor shower in the southern Aquarius Delta? Capricorn alpha meteor shower

Perseid meteor shower in August? Cygnus κ meteor shower

September September Perseid meteor shower? Triangular meteor shower

Fourth quarter

October Draco meteor shower? Gemini ε meteor shower? Orion meteor shower? Little lion meteor shower

1 1 month Taurus southern meteor shower? Taurus North Meteor Shower? Leonid meteor shower? Alpha meteor shower in unicorn? Phoenix meteor shower

December Tara meteor shower? Unicorn meteor shower? Alpha meteor shower in Ophiuchus

Gemini meteor shower? After the meteor shower? Ursa meteor shower